Wolfgang Sawallisch |

Wolfgang Sawallisch

A cikin 1956 Wolfgang Sawallisch a karon farko ya tsaya a dandalin Vienna Symphony, daya daga cikin mafi kyawun makada a Turai, don gudanar da kide kide na Grand Symphony. "Ƙauna da farko" ta taso tsakanin madugu da ƙungiyar makaɗa, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya kai shi matsayin babban jagoran wannan ƙungiyar. Mawakan sun sha'awar Zawallish ta hanyar saninsa mara kyau na maki da kuma bayyanar da ba a saba gani ba na sha'awar sa da bukatunsa. Sun yaba da tsarinsa na yin aiki a wurin rehears, mai tsanani, amma mai kama da kasuwanci, ba tare da wani jin dadi ba, dabi'u. “Abin da ke da alaƙa da Zawallish,” in ji hukumar mawaƙa, “shi ne cewa ba shi da ‘yanci daga ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun mutane.” Hakika, mawaƙin da kansa ya ba da ma’anar fa’idarsa ta wannan hanya: “Zan so mutum na ya zama marar ganuwa, domin in yi tunanin waƙar mawaƙin kuma in yi ƙoƙari in ji kamar ya saurare ta da kansa, domin kowace waƙa. , ko Mozart , Beethoven, Wagner, Strauss ko Tchaikovsky - sauti tare da cikakken aminci. Tabbas, gabaɗaya muna ganin dabi'ar waɗannan lokutan da idanunmu kuma muna ji da kunnuwanmu. Ina shakka cewa za mu iya fahimta kuma mu ji kamar yadda yake a da. Koyaushe za mu ci gaba daga lokacinmu kuma, alal misali, fahimta da fassara waƙar soyayya bisa ga yadda muke ji. Ko wannan jin ya dace da ra'ayoyin Schubert ko Schumann, ba mu sani ba.

Balaga, gogewa da fasaha na ilmantarwa ya zo wa Zawallish a cikin shekaru goma sha biyu kacal - aiki mai ban tsoro ga jagora, amma a lokaci guda babu wani abin burgewa. Wolfgang Sawallisch an haife shi a Munich kuma tun yana yaro ya nuna basirar kiɗa. Tuni yana da shekaru shida, ya shafe sa'o'i a piano kuma yana so ya fara zama dan wasan piano. Amma da ya ziyarci gidan wasan opera a karon farko a wasan kwaikwayon "Hansel da Gretel" na Humperdinck, ya fara jin sha'awar jagorancin ƙungiyar makaɗa.

Yaro dan shekara sha tara da ya kammala makarantar Zavallish ya tafi gaba. An koma karatunsa ne kawai a cikin 1946. Komawa Munich, ya zama ɗalibin Josef Haas a ka'idar da Hans Knappertsbusch a cikin gudanarwa. Matashin mawaki ya yi ƙoƙari ya rama lokacin da ya ɓace kuma ya bar karatunsa bayan shekara guda don zama jagora a Augsburg. Dole ne ku fara da operetta R. Benatsky "The Enchanted Girls", amma nan da nan ya yi sa'a don gudanar da wasan opera - duk "Hansel da Gretel" iri ɗaya; mafarkin matashi ya zama gaskiya.

Zawallisch ya yi aiki a Augsburg na tsawon shekaru bakwai kuma ya koyi abubuwa da yawa. A wannan lokacin, ya kuma yi wasan pianist har ma ya sami nasarar lashe lambar yabo ta farko a gasar sonata duets a Geneva, tare da dan wasan violin G. Seitz. Sa'an nan kuma ya tafi aiki a Aachen, wanda ya riga ya zama "darektan kiɗa", kuma ya gudanar da yawa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma wasan kwaikwayo a nan, kuma daga baya a Wiesbaden. Sa'an nan, riga a cikin sittin, tare da Vienna Symphonies, shi ma ya jagoranci Cologne Opera.

Zawallish yana tafiya kaɗan kaɗan, yana son aiki na dindindin. Wannan, duk da haka, ba yana nufin cewa ya iyakance shi kawai ba: jagoran kullun yana yin wasanni a manyan bukukuwa a Lucerne, Edinburgh, Bayreuth da sauran cibiyoyin kiɗa na Turai.

Zawallish ba shi da mawakan da ya fi so, salo, salo. "Na ga," in ji shi, "cewa mutum ba zai iya gudanar da wasan opera ba tare da samun cikakkiyar fahimtar wasan kwaikwayo ba, kuma akasin haka, domin ya sami sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo mai ban mamaki na wasan kwaikwayo, wasan opera ya zama dole. Na ba da babban wuri a cikin kide-kide na ga al'adun gargajiya da na soyayya, duka a cikin ma'anar kalmar. Sa'an nan kuma ya zo da sanannun kiɗan zamani har zuwa litattafansa waɗanda aka riga aka yi crystallized a yau - kamar Hindemith, Stravinsky, Bartok da Honegger. Na furta cewa ya zuwa yanzu ba ni da sha'awar matsananci - kiɗan sauti goma sha biyu. Duk waɗannan nau'ikan kiɗan gargajiya na gargajiya, na soyayya da na zamani da nake gudanarwa da zuciya ɗaya. Wannan bai kamata a yi la'akari da "nagartacciya" ko ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai ban mamaki ba: Ina da ra'ayi cewa dole ne mutum ya girma kusa da aikin da aka fassara don sanin daidai gwargwado, tsarinsa, rhythms. Ta hanyar gudanar da zuci, za ku sami kusanci mai zurfi kuma kai tsaye tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa. Kungiyar makada nan take ta ji an dauke shingen.”

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969