Eric Satie (Erik Satie) |

Erik Satie

Isasshen girgije, hazo da aquariums, nymphs na ruwa da ƙamshi na dare; muna buƙatar kiɗan duniya, kiɗan rayuwar yau da kullun!… J. Cocteau

E. Satie yana ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙan Faransanci masu banƙyama. Ya ba mutanen zamaninsa mamaki fiye da sau ɗaya ta wajen yin magana sosai a cikin furucinsa na halitta game da abin da ya yi da ƙwazo har kwanan nan. A cikin 1890s, da ya sadu da C. Debussy, Satie ya yi tsayayya da makafin kwaikwayo na R. Wagner, don ci gaban ra'ayi na kida mai tasowa, wanda ke nuna alamar farfaɗowar fasahar kasa ta Faransa. Daga baya, mawaƙin ya kai hari kan filaye na impressionism, yana adawa da rashin fahimtarsa ​​da gyare-gyare tare da tsabta, sauƙi, da tsattsauran rubutun layi. Matasan mawaki na "Shida" sun sami tasiri sosai daga Sati. Ruhun tawaye marar natsuwa ya rayu a cikin mawaƙin, yana kira ga rushe al'adu. Sati ya ja hankalin matasa tare da ƙalubalen ƙalubale ga ɗanɗanon philistine, tare da mai zaman kansa, hukunce-hukuncen ƙayatarwa.

An haifi Sati a cikin dangin dillalin tashar jiragen ruwa. A cikin dangi babu mawaƙa, kuma farkon bayyana sha'awar kiɗa ya tafi ba a lura ba. Sai kawai lokacin da Eric yana ɗan shekara 12 - dangin sun ƙaura zuwa Paris - an fara darussan kiɗa na gaske. Sati yana dan shekara 18, ya shiga makarantar Conservatory na Paris, ya yi nazarin jituwa da sauran darussa a can na dan lokaci, kuma ya dauki darussan piano. Amma bai gamsu da horon ba, ya bar azuzuwa da masu aikin sa kai ga aikin soja. Komawa zuwa Paris a shekara guda bayan haka, yana aiki a matsayin mai wasan piano a cikin ƙananan cafes a Montmartre, inda ya sadu da C. Debussy, wanda ya zama mai sha'awar ainihin jituwa a cikin haɓakawa na matashin pianist har ma ya dauki nauyin wasan motsa jiki na piano Gymnopédie. . Abokin ya koma abota ta dogon lokaci. Tasirin Satie ya taimaka wa Debussy ya shawo kan ƙuruciyarsa da aikin Wagner.

A cikin 1898, Satie ya koma yankin Paris na Arcay. Ya zauna a wani daki mai girman kai a bene na biyu sama da wani ƙaramin cafe, kuma babu ɗaya daga cikin abokansa da zai iya shiga wannan mafaka na mawaki. Ga Sati, sunan barkwanci "Arkey hermit" ya ƙarfafa. Ya zauna shi kaɗai, yana guje wa masu shela, yana guje wa tayin gidan wasan kwaikwayo mai fa’ida. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ya bayyana a Paris tare da wasu sababbin ayyuka. Duk mawaƙan Paris sun maimaita shaiɗan Sati, kyawawan manufofinsa, abubuwan ban dariya game da fasaha, game da mawaƙa.

A cikin 1905-08. Satie yana da shekaru 39, ya shiga makarantar Schola, inda ya yi karatun counterpoint da abun da ke ciki tare da O. Serrier da A. Roussel. Rubutun farko na Sati sun koma ƙarshen 80s da 90s: 3 Gymnopedias, Mass of the Poor for choir and organ, Cold Pieces for piano.

A cikin 20s. ya fara buga tarin guntun piano, wanda ba a saba gani ba, tare da manyan laƙabi: “Peces guda uku a Siffar Pear”, “A cikin Fatar Doki”, “Bayyanawa ta atomatik”, “Dried Embryos”. Yawan ban sha'awa na waƙoƙin waƙa-waltzes, waɗanda suka shahara cikin sauri, suma suna cikin lokaci guda. A cikin 1915, Satie ya zama kusa da mawaƙin, marubucin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma mai sukar kiɗa J. Cocteau, wanda ya gayyace shi, tare da haɗin gwiwar P. Picasso, don rubuta ballet ga ƙungiyar S. Diaghilev. A farko na ballet "Parade" ya faru a 1917 karkashin jagorancin E. Ansermet.

Da gangan primitivism da kuma jaddada rashin kula da kyau na sauti, da shigar da sauti na mota sirens a cikin maki, kurwar na'urar buga rubutu da sauran surutai ya haifar da wani m abin kunya a cikin jama'a da kuma hare-haren daga masu suka, wanda bai karaya da mawaki kuma. abokansa. A cikin kida na Parade, Sati ya sake haifar da ruhin zauren kiɗan, waƙoƙin kiɗa da waƙoƙin waƙoƙin yau da kullun na titi.

An rubuta a cikin 1918, kiɗa na "wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo tare da raira waƙa na Socrates" a kan rubutun Plato ta ainihin tattaunawa, akasin haka, an bambanta da tsabta, kamewa, har ma da tsanani, da kuma rashin tasirin waje. Wannan shi ne ainihin kishiyar "Parade", duk da cewa waɗannan ayyukan sun rabu da shekara guda kawai. Bayan kammala Socrates, Satie ya fara aiwatar da ra'ayin samar da kiɗa, wakiltar, kamar yadda yake, sauti na rayuwar yau da kullum.

Sati ya shafe shekaru na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa a keɓe, yana zaune a Arkay. Ya yanke duk wani dangantaka da "Shida" kuma ya tara wani sabon rukuni na mawaƙa, wanda ake kira "Makarantar Arkey". (Ya haɗa da mawaƙa M. Yakubu, A. Cliquet-Pleyel, A. Sauge, madugu R. Desormières). Babban ka'idar kyawawan dabi'un wannan ƙungiyar ƙirƙira shine sha'awar sabuwar fasahar dimokraɗiyya. Mutuwar Sati ta wuce ba a gani ba. Sai kawai a ƙarshen 50s. ana samun karuwar sha'awa a cikin al'adunsa na kirkire-kirkire, akwai faifan bidiyo na kiɗan piano da waƙoƙin murya.

V. Ilyev