Eugen Arturovich Kapp |

Eugen Kapp

“Kiɗa ita ce rayuwata…” A cikin waɗannan kalmomin E. Kapp na ƙirƙira an bayyana shi a cikin mafi taƙaitaccen hanya. Da yake yin la'akari da manufa da ma'anar fasahar kiɗan, ya jaddada cewa; cewa "waƙar tana ba mu damar bayyana duk girman manufofin zamaninmu, duk wadatar gaskiya. Waƙa hanya ce mai kyau ta tarbiyyar ɗabi'a ta mutane. Kapp ya yi aiki a nau'i-nau'i iri-iri. Daga cikin manyan ayyukansa akwai operas 6, ballets 2, operetta, 23 yana yi wa kade-kade na kade-kade, 7 cantatas da oratorios, wakoki kusan 300. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa ya mamaye babban wuri a cikin aikinsa.

Iyalan Kapp na mawaƙa sun kasance jagora a cikin rayuwar kiɗan Estonia fiye da shekaru ɗari. Kakan Eugen, Issep Kapp, kwararre ne kuma jagora. Uba - Arthur Kapp, bayan kammala karatunsa daga St. Petersburg Conservatory a cikin sashin jiki tare da Farfesa L. Gomilius kuma a cikin abun da ke ciki tare da N. Rimsky-Korsakov, ya koma Astrakhan, inda ya jagoranci reshe na gida na Ƙungiyar Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙasa ta Rasha. A lokaci guda, ya yi aiki a matsayin darekta na makarantar kiɗa. A can, a Astrakhan, an haifi Eugen Kapp. Hazakar waka ta yaron ta bayyana da wuri. Koyon kunna piano, ya yi ƙoƙari na farko don tsara kiɗa. Yanayin kiɗa da ke mulki a cikin gidan, taron Eugen tare da A. Scriabin, F. Chaliapin, L. Sobinov, A. Nezhdanova, wanda ya zo yawon shakatawa, ziyara akai-akai zuwa wasan kwaikwayo na opera da kide kide - duk wannan ya ba da gudummawa ga samuwar makomar gaba. mawaki.

A 1920, A. Kapp aka gayyace a matsayin shugaba na Estonia Opera House (dan kadan daga baya - farfesa a Conservatory), da iyali koma Tallinn. Eugen ya shafe sa'o'i yana zaune a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa, kusa da tsayawar shugaban mahaifinsa, yana bin duk abin da ke faruwa a kusa. A cikin 1922, E. Kapp ya shiga Tallinn Conservatory a ajin piano na Farfesa P. Ramul, sannan T. Lembn. Amma saurayin ya fi sha'awar abun da ke ciki. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 17, ya rubuta babban aikinsa na farko - Bambance-bambancen Goma don Piano akan jigon da mahaifinsa ya kafa. Tun 1926, Eugen ya kasance dalibi a Tallinn Conservatory a cikin ajin abun da mahaifinsa ya rubuta. A matsayin difloma aiki a karshen conservatory, ya gabatar da symphonic waka "The ramuwa" (1931) da kuma Piano Trio.

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga ɗakin karatu, Kapp ya ci gaba da tsara kiɗa sosai. Tun 1936, ya kasance yana haɗa ayyukan ƙirƙira tare da koyarwa: yana koyar da ka'idar kiɗa a Tallinn Conservatory. A cikin bazara na 1941, Kapp ya sami babban aiki na ƙirƙirar ballet na Estoniya na farko bisa almara na ƙasa Kalevipoeg (Ɗan Kalev, a cikin libre na A. Syarev). A farkon lokacin rani na 1941, an rubuta clavier na ballet, kuma mawaƙin ya fara tsara shi, amma barkewar yaƙi ba zato ba tsammani ya katse aikin. Babban jigo a cikin aikin Kapp shine jigo na Motherland: ya rubuta Symphony na farko ("Patriotic", 1943), Violin Sonata na biyu (1943), mawaƙa "Ƙasar Ƙasa" (1942, art. J. Kärner). "Labor and Struggle" (1944, st. P. Rummo), "Kun yi tsayayya da hadari" (1944, st. J. Kyarner), da dai sauransu.

A cikin 1945 Kapp ya kammala wasan opera na farko The Fires of Vengeance (libre P. Rummo). Ayyukansa sun faru a cikin karni na 1944, a lokacin gwagwarmayar jaruntaka na mutanen Estoniya a kan Teutonic Knights. A ƙarshen yakin Estonia, Kapp ya rubuta "Maris Nasara" don ƙungiyar tagulla (1948), wanda ya yi sauti lokacin da ƙungiyar Estoniya ta shiga Tallinn. Bayan ya koma Tallinn, babban abin da ke damun Kapp shi ne ya nemo ƙwallo na ballet ɗinsa Kalevipoeg, wanda ya rage a birnin da 'yan Nazi suka mamaye. Duk tsawon shekarun yakin, mawakin ya damu da makomarsa. Menene farin cikin Kapp da ya ji cewa mutane masu aminci sun ceci clavier! Fara kammala wasan ballet, mawakin ya sake duba aikinsa. Ya kara jaddada babban jigon almara - gwagwarmayar mutanen Estoniya don samun 'yancin kansu. Yin amfani da na asali, waƙoƙin Estoniya na asali, da dabara ya bayyana duniyar ciki na haruffa. An fara wasan ballet a cikin 10 a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Estonia. "Kalevipoeg" ya zama wasan da aka fi so na masu sauraron Estoniya. Kapp ya taɓa cewa: “A koyaushe ina sha'awar mutanen da suka ba da ƙarfinsu, rayuwarsu don cin nasarar babban ra'ayin ci gaban zamantakewa. Sha'awar waɗannan fitattun mutane ya kasance kuma yana neman mafita cikin ƙirƙira. Wannan ra'ayin na wani gagarumin artist ya ƙunshi a cikin da dama daga cikin ayyukansa. Don bikin tunawa da 1950th na Soviet Estonia, Kapp ya rubuta opera The Singer of Freedom (2, 1952nd edition 100, libre P. Rummo). An sadaukar da shi don tunawa da shahararren mawaƙin Estoniya J. Syutiste. Dakarun Fasist na Jamus sun jefa shi cikin kurkuku, wannan jarumin mai fafutukar 'yanci kamar M. Jalil, ya rubuta wakoki masu zafi a cikin gidan kurkuku, yana kira ga mutane da su yi yaki da 'yan ta'addan farkisanci. Girgizawa ga makomar S. Allende, Kapp ya sadaukar da requiem cantata Over the Andes don maza mawaƙa da soloist don tunawa da shi. A lokacin bikin cika shekaru XNUMX na haihuwar shahararren ɗan juyin juya hali X. Pegelman, Kapp ya rubuta waƙar "Bari Hammers Knock" bisa ga waƙoƙinsa.

A cikin 1975, an shirya wasan opera na Kapp Rembrandt a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Vanemuine. "A cikin opera Rembrandt," mawallafin ya rubuta, "Ina so in nuna bala'i na gwagwarmayar ƙwararren mai fasaha tare da duniya mai son kai da hadama, azabar bautar ƙirƙira, zalunci na ruhaniya." Kapp ya sadaukar da babban oratorio Ernst Telman (60, art. M. Kesamaa) ga bikin cika shekaru 1977 na Babban Juyin Oktoba.

Shafi na musamman a cikin aikin Kapp ya ƙunshi ayyuka na yara - wasan operas The Winter's Tale (1958), The Extraordinary Miracle (1984, dangane da tatsuniya na GX Andersen), Mafi Abin Mamaki, Ballet The Golden Spinners. (1956), da operetta "Assol" (1966), da m" masara mu'ujiza "(1982), kazalika da yawa kayan aiki ayyukan. Daga cikin ayyukan da aka yi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan akwai "Welcome Overture" (1983), cantata "Nasara" (a tashar M. Kesamaa, 1983), Concerto for cello and chamber orchestra (1986), da dai sauransu.

A tsawon rayuwarsa, Kapp bai iyakance kansa ga kerawa na kiɗa ba. Farfesa a Tallinn Conservatory, ya horar da shahararrun mawaƙa kamar E. Tamberg, H. Kareva, H. Lemmik, G. Podelsky, V. Lipand da sauransu.

Ayyukan zamantakewar Kapp suna da bangarori da yawa. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin masu shirya ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Estoniya kuma shekaru da yawa yana shugaban hukumarta.

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