Gara Garayev |

Gara Garayev

A cikin samartaka Karaev ya kasance matsananciyar babur. Fusataccen tseren ya amsa bukatarsa ​​na hadarin, don samun ma'anar nasara akan kansa. Har ila yau, yana da wani, gaba ɗaya gaba ɗaya kuma an kiyaye shi don rayuwa, sha'awar "shuru" - daukar hoto. Ruwan ruwan tabarau na na'urarsa, tare da daidaito mai girma kuma a lokaci guda yana bayyana halayen mai shi, wanda aka nuna a duk duniya - ya kwace motsin mai wucewa daga kogin birni mai cunkoson jama'a, ya gyara kyan gani ko tunani, ya sanya silhouettes. na rijiyoyin mai suna tasowa daga zurfin Caspian "magana" game da ranar yau, da kuma game da baya - bushe rassan tsohuwar itacen mulberry na Apsheron ko manyan gine-gine na tsohuwar Misira ...

Ya isa ya saurari ayyukan da mawallafin Azerbaijan mai ban mamaki ya halitta, kuma ya bayyana a fili cewa abubuwan sha'awa na Karaev shine kawai abin da ke nuna halin kiɗan sa. Fuskar kere-kere na Karaev yana da alaƙa da haɗuwa da yanayin haske tare da madaidaicin lissafin fasaha; launuka iri-iri, wadatar palette na motsin rai - tare da zurfin tunani; sha'awar batutuwan da suka shafi lokacinmu sun rayu a cikinsa tare da sha'awar abubuwan da suka gabata na tarihi. Ya rubuta kiɗa game da soyayya da gwagwarmaya, game da yanayi da ruhin mutum, ya san yadda ake isar da sautin duniyar fantasy, mafarki, jin daɗin rayuwa da sanyin mutuwa…

ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararrun ƙa'idodin kiɗan kiɗan, mai zane na salon asali mai haske, Karaev, a duk tsawon aikinsa, ya yi ƙoƙari don ci gaba da sabunta harshe da nau'in ayyukansa. "Don zama daidai da shekaru" - irin wannan shine babban umarni na fasaha na Karaev. Kuma kamar yadda a cikin ƙuruciyarsa ya yi nasara a kan kansa a cikin sauri a kan babur, don haka yakan shawo kan rashin tunani na tunani. "Don kada ya tsaya cak," in ji shi dangane da ranar haihuwarsa ta hamsin, lokacin da shaharar duniya ta dade a bayansa, "ya zama dole" canza "kai."

Karaev yana daya daga cikin wakilai masu haske na makarantar D. Shostakovich. Ya sauke karatu a 1946 daga Moscow Conservatory a cikin abun da ke ciki ajin na wannan m artist. Amma tun kafin ya zama ɗalibi, matashin mawaƙin ya fahimci ƙirƙirar kiɗan mutanen Azabaijan. A cikin sirrin tarihinsa na asali, ashug da mugham art, Garayev ya gabatar da shi a cikin Baku Conservatory ta mahaliccinsa kuma ƙwararren mawaki na farko na Azerbaijan, U. Hajibeov.

Karaev rubuta music a daban-daban nau'o'i. Kaddarorinsa na kirkire-kirkire sun hada da kade-kade na wasan kwaikwayo na kade-kade, wasan kwaikwayo da na kayan aiki na dakin, soyayya, cantatas, wasan kwaikwayo na yara, kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo da fina-finai. Jigogi da makirci sun ja hankalinsa daga rayuwar mafi yawan al'ummomin duniya - ya shiga cikin tsari da ruhin kiɗan al'adun Albaniya, Vietnam, Turkiyya, Bulgaria, Spain, ƙasashen Afirka da Gabashin Larabawa ... Wasu daga nasa abubuwan da aka tsara za a iya bayyana a matsayin matakai ba kawai don nasa kerawa ba, har ma ga kiɗan Soviet a gaba ɗaya.

Yawancin ayyuka masu girma da yawa sun keɓe ga taken Babban Yaƙin Patriotic kuma an halicce su a ƙarƙashin ra'ayi kai tsaye na abubuwan da suka faru na gaskiya. Irin wannan shi ne Symphony na farko mai kashi biyu - ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko na wannan nau'in a Azerbaijan (1943), an bambanta ta da bambance-bambance masu ban mamaki na hotuna masu ban mamaki da na waƙoƙi. A cikin motsi na biyu na motsi na biyu, wanda aka rubuta dangane da nasara akan farkisanci (1946), al'adun kiɗan Azerbaijan sun haɗu da na al'ada (wani madaidaicin motsi na 4-motsi yana dogara ne akan nau'ikan mugham). A cikin 1945, tare da haɗin gwiwar D. Gadzhnev, an ƙirƙira opera Veten (Motherland, lib. na I. Idayat-zade da M. Rahim), wanda a cikinsa ra'ayin abokantaka tsakanin mutanen Soviet a gwagwarmayar 'yanci. na Motherland an accentuated.

Daga cikin ayyukan farko na ɗakin, piano zanen "The Tsarskoye Selo Statue" (bayan A. Pushkin, 1937) ya fito waje, asalin hotunan wanda aka ƙaddara ta hanyar haɗakar jama'a-ƙasa tare da fahimtar launi na rubutu. ; Sonatina a cikin ƙarami na piano (1943), inda aka haɓaka abubuwa masu ma'ana na ƙasa daidai da "classicism" na Prokofiev; Quartet na Biyu (wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga D. Shostakovich, 1947), sananne ne don launin matashi mai haske. Pushkin's romances "A kan tuddai na Jojiya" da "Ina son ku" (1947) na cikin mafi kyau ayyukan Karaev ta vocal lyrics.

Daga cikin ayyukan balagagge akwai waƙar waƙa mai suna "Leyli da Majnun" (1947), wadda ta nuna farkon wasan kwaikwayo mai ban mamaki a Azerbaijan. Mummunan makoma ta jaruman waƙar Nizami masu irin wannan suna, ta kasance cikin haɓakar hotunan waƙar baƙin ciki, sha'awa, ɗaukaka. Maƙasudin makirci na Nizami's "Biyar" ("Khamse") ya kafa tushen ballet "Beauties Bakwai" (1952, rubutun I. Idayat-zade, S. Rahman da Y. Slonimsky), wanda hoton rayuwa ya kasance. na al'ummar Azabaijan a baya mai nisa, gwagwarmayar jaruntaka da azzalumai. Hoton tsakiya na ballet yarinya ce mai sauƙi daga mutane, ƙaunarta ta sadaukar da kai ga mara ƙarfi Shah Bahram ya ƙunshi babban ɗabi'a mai kyau. A cikin gwagwarmayar Bahram, Aisha tana adawa da hotunan Vizier mai ban tsoro da kyawawan kyawawan fatalwa guda bakwai. Ballet na Karaev wani kyakkyawan misali ne na haɗa abubuwa na raye-rayen Azerbaijan tare da ka'idodin wasan kwaikwayo na Tchaikovsky's ballets. Ballet mai haske, mai launuka iri-iri, mai wadatar zuci ta hanyar tsawa (dangane da littafin P. Abrahams, 1958), wanda jarumtaka pathos ke da alaƙa da gwagwarmayar al'ummomin Baƙar fata Afirka don samun 'yancin kai, yana da ban sha'awa ga masu fasaha. ya ci gaba da rikice-rikice na kiɗa da ban mamaki, wasan kwaikwayo na abubuwan tarihin Negro (ballet shine yanki na farko na kiɗan Soviet don haɓaka kiɗan jama'a na Afirka akan irin wannan sikelin).

A cikin manyan shekarunsa, aikin Karaev ya ci gaba kuma ya haɓaka dabi'ar wadatar da kiɗan Azerbaijan tare da hanyoyin magana na gargajiya. Ayyukan da wannan yanayin ya shahara musamman sun haɗa da zane-zane na symphonic Don Quixote (1960, bayan M. Cervantes), wanda ya cika tare da innation na Mutanen Espanya, zagayowar guda takwas, a cikin jerin abubuwan da ke da ban tausayi kyakkyawan hoton Knight na Sad Image yana fitowa; Sonata don violin da piano (1960), wanda aka sadaukar don tunawa da mai ba da shawara na yara, mawaƙa mai ban mamaki V. Kozlov (ƙarshen aikin, passacaglia mai ban mamaki, an gina shi akan sautin sautinsa); 6 na ƙarshe daga sake zagayowar 24 "preludes for piano" (1951-63).

The jama'a-kasa style aka hada tare da babban fasaha daga classic style a cikin Uku Symphony for Chamber Orchestra (1964), daya daga cikin na farko manyan ayyukan Soviet music halitta ta hanyar amfani da serial dabara.

Taken wasan kwaikwayo - tunanin mutum "game da lokaci da kansa" - yana da alaƙa da yawa a cikin kuzarin aikin kashi na farko, a cikin sonority na ashug na biyu, a cikin tunanin falsafar Andante. a cikin wayewar coda, yana kawar da rashin tausayi na fugue na ƙarshe.

Yin amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan kiɗa daban-daban (wanda aka aro daga karni na 1974 da na zamani waɗanda ke da alaƙa da salon "babban bugun") sun ƙaddara wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗan The Furious Gascon (1967, dangane da Cyrano de Bergerac na E. Rostand) game da shahararren Faransanci. freethinker mawaki. Har ila yau, haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar Karaev sun haɗa da Violin Concerto (12, sadaukarwa ga L. Kogan), cike da babban bil'adama, da kuma sake zagayowar "1982 Fugues for Piano" - aikin karshe na mawaki (XNUMX), misali na zurfin falsafar tunani da kuma m polyphonic. gwaninta.

Ana jin kiɗan maigidan Soviet a cikin ƙasashe da yawa na duniya. Ka'idojin fasaha da kyau na Karaev, mawaki da malami (shekaru da yawa ya kasance farfesa a Jami'ar Azerbaijan State Conservatory), ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kafa makarantar Azerbaijan na zamani na mawaƙa, wanda ya ƙidaya ƙarni da yawa kuma masu wadata a cikin halayen kirkira. . Ayyukansa, wanda a zahiri ya narkar da al'adun al'adun ƙasa da nasarorin fasaha na duniya zuwa sabon, ingancin asali, ya faɗaɗa madaidaicin iyakoki na kiɗan Azabaijan.

A. Bretanitskaya