Enharmonism |

daga Girkanci enarmonios - enharmonic, lit. - baki, baƙar fata, jituwa

Daidaiton tsayin sauti daban-daban a cikin rubutun kalmomi (misali, des = cis), tazara (misali,

maɓalli (as-c-es-ges=as-c-es-fis=gis-his-dis-fis da sauransu), maɓallai (Fis-dur=Ges-dur). Ma'anar "E." yana ɗaukar tsarin yanayi mai matakai 12 (daidai) (duba Yanayin yanayi). Ya haɓaka dangane da sabuntawar tazara na zamanin d ¯ a - chromatic da enharmonic (duba Chromatism, Enharmonic) - da haɗuwa da sautunan dukkanin nau'i uku (tare da diatonic) a cikin sikelin guda ɗaya; don haka, tsakanin sautin diatonic. sautin duka, ana sanya sauti na duka ƙananan matakai da manyan matakai, alal misali. (c)-des-cis-(d) tare da waƙafi bambanci tsakanin tsayinsu (na P. de Beldemandis, farkon ƙarni na 15; duba: Coussemaker E., Scriptorum…, t. 3, shafi 257-58; y H . Vicentino, 1555). An kiyaye shi a cikin ƙa'idodin ka'idar. treatises, tsoho enharmonics (inda microintervals bambanta a tsawo) a cikin 18th karni, kamar yadda temperament yada, musamman uniform hali, a cikin sabon Turai E. (inda microintervals, misali, eis da des, riga daidai a tsawo). Ma'anar "E." ya bambanta da duality: E. a matsayin bayyanar da aikin aiki (m ko tunanin E.; misali, a cikin Bach a cikin 1st girma na Well-Tempered Clavier, daidai da maɓallan es-moll da dis-moll a cikin 8th). prelude da fugue; a cikin Beethoven a Adagio 8th fi. Sonata E-dur = Fes-dur) kuma a matsayin bayanin rashin daidaituwa na aiki ("detemperation", AS Ogolevets; bisa ga ka'idar innation "kaifi sama da lebur"), boye, amma an kiyaye shi a ƙarƙashin murfin yanayi (aiki ko ainihin E., alal misali, a cikin tsarin anharmonic ta hanyar hf-as-d=hf-gis-d lokacin gabatar da ramuwa a cikin cavatina na Gorislava daga Glinka's Ruslan da Lyudmila).

Fasaha. amfani da E. a Turai. kiɗan nasa ne na farko. Karni na 16 (A. Willart, duet “Quid non ebrietas”); E. An yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin chromatic. madrigal na karni na 16-17, musamman makarantar Venetian. Tun daga lokacin JS Bach, ya zama muhimmiyar hanyar daidaitawa kwatsam, kuma da'irar maɓallan 30 na manya da ƙanana dangane da shi ya zama dole don na gargajiya-romantic. Siffar yanayin yanayin kiɗan. A cikin tonal chromatic ƙarni na 20 tsarin E. dangantakar kuma ana canjawa wuri zuwa haɗin kai, misali. a farkon kashi na 3 na fp na 6. Prokofiev's sonata, ma'aunin nVI> na digiri (gefen lebur) an kwatanta shi da sautin sautin ƙararrawa iri ɗaya da shi a cikin digiri na biyar (bangaren kaifi; a cikin rikodi na ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun haɓakawa):

SS Prokofiev. Sonata na 6 don piano, part III.

Matsakaicin E. ya kai matsakaicin digiri a cikin kiɗan sautin 12, wanda canjin haɓakawa ya zama kusan ci gaba (don misali na kiɗan E., duba labarin Dodecaphony).

References: Renchitsky PN, Koyarwa game da anharmonism, M., 1930; Ogolevets AS, Gabatarwa ga tunanin kiɗan zamani, M.-L., 1946; Tyulin Yu. (H.), Wani ɗan gajeren kwas na ka'ida cikin jituwa, L., 1960, sake dubawa. kuma ƙara., M., 1978; Pereverzev N. (K.), Matsalolin kiɗa na kiɗa, M., 1966; Sposobin IV, Lakcoci akan tafarkin jituwa, M., 1969; Beldemandis P. de., Libellus monocordi (1413), in Coussemaker E. de, Scriptorum de musica medii aevi. Novam seriem…, t. 3, Parisiis, 1869, fasikanci. sake fitowa Hildesheim, 1963; Vicentino N., L'antica musica ridotta alla moderna prattica…, Roma, 1555, facsimile. sake fitowa Kassel, 1959; Scheibe JA, Compendium musices… (c. 1730-36), in Benary P., Die deutsche Kompositionslehre des 18. Jahrhunderts, Lpz., 1961; Levitan JS, Shahararren duo na A. Willaert, “Tijdschrift der Vereeniging vor Nederlandse Muziekgeschiedenis”, 1938, bd 15; Lowinsky EE, Tonality da atonality a cikin kiɗa na karni na sha shida, Berk.-Los Ang., 1961.

Yu. N. Kholopov