Elena Obraztsova |

Elena Obraztsova

MV Peskova ya bayyana Obraztsova a cikin labarinsa: "Babban mawaƙa na zamaninmu, wanda aikinsa ya zama wani abu mai ban mamaki a rayuwar kiɗa na duniya. Yana da al'adar kida maras kyau, fasahar murya mai haske. Arzikinta mezzo-soprano cike da launuka masu sha'awa, bayyananniyar yanayi, dabarar ilimin halin dan adam da baiwar ban mamaki mara sharadi ya sanya duk duniya magana game da yanayinta na sassan Santuzza (Karramawar Kasa), Carmen, Delilah, Marfa (Khovanshchina).

Bayan ta yi a cikin "Boris Godunov" a yawon shakatawa na Bolshoi Theater a Paris, sanannen Impresario Sol Yurok, wanda ya yi aiki tare da FI Chaliapin, ya kira ta wani karin-aji singer. Sukar kasashen waje ya sanya ta a matsayin daya daga cikin "manyan muryoyin Bolshoi". A shekara ta 1980, mawakiyar ta sami lambar yabo ta Golden Verdi daga birnin Busseto na Italiya don yin fice a cikin kidan babban mawaki.

Elena Vasilyevna Obraztsova aka haife kan Yuli 7, 1939 a Birnin Leningrad. Mahaifinsa, injiniya ne ta sana'a, yana da kyakkyawar murya mai kyau, banda haka, ya buga violin sosai. Music sau da yawa sauti a cikin Obraztsovs 'Apartment. Lena ya fara raira waƙa da wuri, a cikin kindergarten. Sannan ta zama mawaƙin soloist na ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Fadar Majagaba da ƴan Makaranta. A can, yarinyar tare da jin dadi ta yi wasan kwaikwayo na gypsy da waƙoƙin da suka shahara a cikin waɗannan shekarun daga tarihin Lolita Torres. Da farko, an bambanta ta da wani haske mai launin soprano na wayar hannu, wanda a ƙarshe ya rikide ya zama contralto.

Bayan kammala karatu daga makaranta a Taganrog, inda mahaifinta ya yi aiki a lokacin, Lena, a kan nacewar iyayenta, ya shiga cikin Rostov Electrotechnical Institute. Amma, bayan karatun shekara guda, yarinyar ta shiga cikin hadarinta zuwa Leningrad, don shiga cikin ɗakin ajiyar kuma ta cimma burinta.

Azuzuwan fara da Farfesa Antonina Andreevna Grigorieva. "Tana da dabara sosai, daidai a matsayinta na mutum da kuma mawaƙa," in ji Obraztsova. – Ina so in yi duk abin da sauri, don raira waƙa babban aria lokaci guda, hadaddun romances. Kuma ta ci gaba da gamsuwa da cewa babu abin da zai zo daga ciki ba tare da fahimtar "tushen" na muryoyin ba ... Kuma na rera motsa jiki bayan motsa jiki, kuma kawai wani lokaci - ƙananan soyayya. Sa'an nan kuma lokaci ya yi don manyan abubuwa. Antonina Andreevna bai taba ba da umarni ba, bai ba da umarni ba, amma koyaushe yana ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa ni kaina na bayyana halina ga aikin da ake yi. Na yi farin ciki a nasarar farko da na samu a Helsinki da kuma a gasar Glinka ba kasa da ni ba…”.

A shekarar 1962, a Helsinki, Elena ta samu lambar yabo ta farko, lambar yabo ta zinare da kuma lambar yabo, kuma a wannan shekarar ta ci nasara a Moscow a gasar Vocal II All-Union Vocal Competition mai suna MI Glinka. Mawaƙin soloist na Bolshoi Theatre PG Lisitsian kuma shugaban ƙungiyar opera TL Chernyakov, wanda ya gayyaci Obraztsova zuwa wasan kwaikwayo a gidan wasan kwaikwayo.

Saboda haka a watan Disamba 1963, yayin da har yanzu dalibi Obraztsova sanya ta halarta a karon a kan mataki na Bolshoi Theatre a cikin rawar Marina Mnishek (Boris Godunov). Mawaƙin ya tuna da wannan abin da ya faru da zuciya ɗaya: “Na tafi a kan dandalin Bolshoi Theatre ba tare da koyan koyarwa ɗaya na ƙungiyar makaɗa ba. Na tuna yadda na tsaya a baya na ce wa kaina: "Boris Godunov na iya ci gaba ba tare da wani mataki ta wurin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ba, kuma ba zan fita don wani abu ba, bari labule ya rufe, ba zan fita ba." Ina cikin suma kwata-kwata, kuma da ba don ’yan uwa da suka kai ni fagen daga da hannaye ba, da ma da maraicen nan ba za a yi wani yanayi a mafarin ba. Ba ni da wani ra'ayi game da wasana na farko - farin ciki ɗaya kawai, wani nau'in wasan ƙwallon wuta, sauran kuma duk sun kasance cikin damuwa. Amma a cikin hankali na ji cewa ina waƙa daidai. Masu sauraro sun karbe ni sosai…”

Daga baya, masu bita na Parisiya sun rubuta game da Obraztsova a cikin rawar Marina Mnishek: "Masu sauraro ... da sha'awar gaishe Elena Obraztsova, wanda ke da kyakkyawar murya da bayanan waje don kyakkyawar Marina. Obraztsova - yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa, wanda muryarsa, salonsa, kasancewar matakin da kyau da masu sauraro ke sha'awar ... "

Bayan kammala karatun digiri a cikin Leningrad Conservatory a 1964, Obraztsova nan da nan ya zama soloist na Bolshoi Theater. Ba da daɗewa ba ta tashi zuwa Japan tare da ƙungiyar masu fasaha, sannan ta yi a Italiya tare da ƙungiyar Bolshoi Theatre. A kan mataki na La Scala, matashin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo yana yin sassan Mulki (Tchaikovsky's The Queen of Spades) da Princess Marya (Yaƙin Prokofiev da Aminci).

M. Zhirmunsky ya rubuta:

"Har yanzu akwai tatsuniyoyi game da nasararta a matakin La Scala, kodayake wannan taron ya riga ya cika shekaru 20. Ayyukanta na farko a Opera Metropolitan ana kiranta "mafi kyawun halarta a cikin tarihin gidan wasan kwaikwayo" ta tsawon lokacin tsayawa. A lokaci guda, Obraztsova ya shiga cikin rukuni na mawaƙa na Karayan, wanda ya kai ga mafi girman yiwuwar ƙwarewar sana'a. A cikin kwanaki uku na faifan Il trovatore, ta burge babban madugun tare da yanayin yanayin da ba za a yi tsammani ba, da ikonta na fitar da mafi girman tasirin motsin rai daga kiɗa, da kuma tarin kyawawan tufafin da aka samu daga abokan Amurka musamman don ganawa da su. maestro. Ta canza tufafi sau uku a rana, ta karɓi wardi daga gare shi, gayyata don yin waƙa a Salzburg kuma ta yi rikodin wasan kwaikwayo biyar. Amma gajiya mai juyayi bayan nasarar da aka samu a La Scala ya hana shi zuwa ganin Karajan don wasan kwaikwayo - bai sami sanarwa daga kungiyar Soviet da ke da alhakin ba, Obraztsova da dukan Rasha sun yi masa fushi.

Ta dauki rugujewar wadannan tsare-tsare a matsayin babban illa ga aikinta. Daga tsagaitawar da ta biyo bayan shekaru biyu, wasan da ya rage shi ne Don Carlos da kuma tunawa da gigicewar kiran wayarsa, jirgin nasa ya cika da Playboys, sannan Karajan ya bugi kai da ci a bakin kofar shiga gidan wasan kwaikwayo. A wannan lokacin, Agnes Baltsa, mai ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan muryoyin marasa launi waɗanda ba za su iya janye hankalin mai sauraro daga fahimtar sabbin ra'ayoyin Jagora ba, ya riga ya zama mezzo-soprano na Karajan.

A 1970, Obraztsova ya sami mafi girma awards a manyan biyu kasa da kasa gasa: mai suna bayan PI Tchaikovsky a Moscow da kuma sunan sanannen Sipaniya singer Francisco Viñas a Barcelona.

Amma Obraztsova bai daina girma ba. Repertoire nata yana faɗaɗa sosai. Ta yi ayyuka daban-daban kamar Frosya a cikin wasan opera na Prokofiev Semyon Kotko, Azucena a cikin Il trovatore, Carmen, Eboli a cikin Don Carlos, Zhenya Komelkova a cikin wasan opera na Molchanov The Dawns Here are Shuru.

Ta yi tare da Bolshoi Theatre Company a Tokyo da Osaka (1970), Budapest da Vienna (1971), Milan (1973), New York da Washington (1975). Kuma a ko'ina zargi ko da yaushe lura da babban gwaninta na Soviet singer. Daya daga cikin masu bitar bayan wasan kwaikwayo na mai zane a New York ya rubuta: "Elena Obraztsova yana gab da amincewa da duniya. Irin wannan mawaki ne kawai za mu iya yi. Tana da duk abin da ya bambanta mai fasahar zamani na matakin wasan opera mai daraja."

Wani abin lura shi ne wasan da ta yi a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Liceo a Barcelona a watan Disamba 1974, inda aka nuna wasanni hudu na Carmen tare da 'yan wasa daban-daban na manyan ayyuka. Obraztsova ta samu gagarumar nasara ta kere-kere akan mawakan Amurka Joy Davidson, Rosalind Elias da Grace Bumbry.

“Sauraron mawaƙin Soviet,” in ji mai sukar ɗan ƙasar Sipaniya, “mun sake samun damar ganin yadda Carmen ke da bangarori da yawa, da ban sha’awa da kuma ɗaukaka. Abokan aikinta a cikin wannan jam'iyya mai gamsarwa da ban sha'awa sun ƙunshi bangare ɗaya na halayen jarumar. A cikin Exemplary, hoton Carmen ya bayyana a cikin dukkan rikitarwa da zurfin tunani. Don haka, muna iya cewa ita ce mafi dabara da aminci a cikin tunanin Bizet.

M. Zhirmunsky ya rubuta: “A cikin Carmen ta rera waƙar ƙauna mai mutuƙar wahala, wadda ba za ta iya jurewa ba don raunin yanayin ɗan adam. A karshe, tana tafiya tare da tafiya mai sauƙi a duk faɗin wurin, jarumar ta da kanta ta jefa kanta a kan wuƙar da aka zana, tana ganin mutuwa a matsayin kuɓuta daga ciwon ciki, rashin daidaituwa tsakanin mafarki da gaskiya. A ganina, a cikin wannan rawar, Obraztsova ya yi juyin juya halin da ba a yarda da shi ba a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na opera. Ta kasance daya daga cikin na farko da ya dauki mataki zuwa ga samar da ra'ayi, wanda a cikin 70s ya zama sabon abu na opera darektan. A cikin yanayinta na musamman, manufar dukan aikin ba ta fito ne daga darektan ba (Zeffirelli kansa shine darektan), amma daga mawaƙa. Kwararren opera na Obraztsova shine na farko na wasan kwaikwayo, ita ce ta riƙe wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo a hannunta, ta sanya girmanta akan shi… "

Obraztsova da kanta ta ce: “An haifi Carmen ta a watan Maris na shekara ta 1972 a Spain, a tsibirin Canary, a wani ƙaramin gidan wasan kwaikwayo da ake kira Perez Galdes. Na yi tunanin cewa ba zan taɓa rera waƙar Carmen ba, a ganina wannan ba nawa bane. Lokacin da na fara yin wasa a ciki, na sami gogewa na farko. Na daina jin kamar mai zane, kamar ran Carmen ya shiga cikina. Kuma a lokacin da a cikin karshe scene na fadi daga bugun Navaja Jose, ba zato ba tsammani na ji madly tausayi ga kaina: me ya sa ni, don haka matashi, dole in mutu? Sai naji kamar barci rabi naji kukan masu sauraro da tafi. Kuma sun dawo da ni ga gaskiya.”

A cikin 1975, an gane mawaƙin a Spain a matsayin mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na ɓangaren Carmen. Obraztsova daga baya yi wannan rawar a kan matakai na Prague, Budapest, Belgrade, Marseille, Vienna, Madrid, da kuma New York.

A cikin Oktoba 1976, Obraztsova ta fara halarta a New York Metropolitan Opera a Aida. "Sanin mawaƙin Soviet daga wasan kwaikwayo na baya a Amurka, hakika mun yi tsammanin abubuwa da yawa daga aikinta na Amneris," in ji wani mai suka. "Gaskiya, duk da haka, ta zarce har ma da tsinkayar tsinkaya na Met na yau da kullun. Wannan nasara ce ta gaske, wadda al'amuran Amurka ba su sani ba tsawon shekaru da yawa. Ta jefa masu sauraro cikin yanayi na jin daɗi da jin daɗin da ba za a misaltuwa ba tare da ƙwazon da ta yi a matsayin Amneris." Wani mai suka ya bayyana dalla-dalla: "Obraztsova ita ce gano mafi haske kan wasan opera na duniya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan."

Obraztsova ya zagaya kasashen waje da yawa a nan gaba. A cikin 1977 ta rera Gimbiya Bouillon a cikin F. Cilea's Adriana Lecouvreur (San Francisco) da Ulrika a Ball a Masquerade (La Scala); a cikin 1980 - Jocasta a cikin "Oedipus Rex" na IF Stravinsky ("La Scala"); a cikin 1982 - Jane Seymour a cikin "Anna Boleyn" na G. Donizetti ("La Scala") da Eboli a cikin "Don Carlos" (Barcelona). A cikin 1985, a bikin Arena di Verona, mai zane ya sami nasarar aiwatar da sashin Amneris (Aida).

A shekara mai zuwa, Obraztsova ta yi aiki a matsayin darektan opera, ta gabatar da wasan opera na Massenet Werther a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi, inda ta yi nasarar yin babban sashi. Mijinta na biyu, A. Zhuraitis, shi ne madugu.

Obraztsova samu nasarar yi ba kawai a cikin opera Productions. Tare da ɗimbin kide kide da wake-wake, ta ba da kide-kide a La Scala, Pleyel Concert Hall (Paris), Hall na Carnegie na New York, Gidan Wigmore na London, da sauran wurare da yawa. Shahararrun shirye-shiryenta na kide-kide na kiɗan Rasha sun haɗa da zagayowar soyayya ta Glinka, Dargomyzhsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky, Rachmaninoff, waƙoƙi da zagayowar murya ta Mussorgsky, Sviridov, zagayowar waƙoƙin Prokofiev zuwa waƙoƙin A. Akhmatova. Shirin na ƙasashen waje na gargajiya ya haɗa da sake zagayowar R. Schuman "Love da Life of a Woman", ayyukan kiɗan Italiyanci, Jamusanci, Faransanci.

Obraztsova kuma an san shi a matsayin malami. Tun 1984 ta kasance farfesa a Moscow Conservatory. A cikin 1999, Elena Vasilievna ya jagoranci gasar farko ta kasa da kasa na Vocalists mai suna Elena Obraztsova a St. Petersburg.

A 2000, Obraztsova sanya ta halarta a karon a kan ban mamaki mataki: ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin play "Antonio von Elba", wanda R. Viktyuk ya shirya.

Obraztsova ya ci gaba da yin nasara a matsayin mawaƙin opera. A watan Mayun 2002 ta rera waka a shahararriyar cibiyar Washington Kennedy tare da Placido Domingo a cikin wasan opera na Tchaikovsky The Queen of Spades.

"An gayyace ni a nan don yin waƙa a cikin Sarauniyar Spades," in ji Obraztsova. – Bugu da kari, ta babban concert zai faru a kan May 26 ... Mun kasance muna aiki tare domin 38 shekaru (tare da Domingo. - Kimanin Aut.). Mun raira waƙa tare a “Carmen” da “Il trovatore” da “Ball in Masquerade” da “Samson da Delilah” da “Aida”. Kuma lokacin ƙarshe da suka yi faɗuwar ƙarshe shine a Los Angeles. Kamar yadda yanzu, shi ne Sarauniyar Spades.

PS Elena Vasilievna Obraztsova ya mutu a ranar 12 ga Janairu, 2015.