Eduard Frantsevich Napravnik |

Eduard Nápravník

Jagora. "Harold". Ka kwantar da hankalinka, masoyi (M. May-Fiegner)

Napravnik ya shiga cikin tarihin kiɗa na Rasha a matsayin babban jagora kuma ƙwararren mawaki. Ya mallaki 4 operas, 4 symphonies, Orchestral guda, wani piano concerto, jam'iyya ensembles, mawaka, romances, qagaggun for pianoforte, violin, cello, da dai sauransu. A matsayin mawaki, Napravnik ba shi da wani haske m hali; Ayyukansa suna da alamar tasirin mawaƙa daban-daban kuma, fiye da sauran, Tchaikovsky. Duk da haka, mafi kyawun aikin Napravnik, wasan opera Dubrovsky, yana da manyan abubuwan fasaha; Ta kawo marubucin shaharar da ta cancanta.

Eduard Frantsevich Napravnik, ɗan ƙasar Czech, an haife shi a ranar 12 ga Agusta (24), 1839 a Bohemia (a ƙauyen Beishta, kusa da Kenigret). Mahaifinsa malamin makaranta ne, darektan mawakan coci kuma organist. An koyar da mawakin nan gaba a Makarantar Organ a Prague. A 1861, Napravnik ya koma St. Petersburg, inda ya sami gidansa na biyu. Bayan shekaru biyu ya zama mai koyarwa da organist a Mariinsky Theater. Daga 1869 har zuwa karshen rayuwarsa, Napravnik ya kasance babban jagoran wannan gidan wasan kwaikwayo; Ya kuma yi a matsayin madugu na kade-kade na kade-kade na Rasha Musical Society.

A Mariinsky Theater karkashin jagorancin Napravnik, 80 operas aka yi nazari da kuma shirya. Duk da yake gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo, yana nuna dandano na da'ira na aristocratic, ya fi son wasan opera na Italiya, ba tare da gajiyawa ba ya inganta aikin mawaƙa na Rasha. Shi ne ya shirya wasan operas na farko na Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov (Tchaikovsky, Rubinstein, Serov; Wasan opera na Glinka Ruslan da Lyudmila an fara yin su ne ba a yanke ba kuma an gurbata su a ƙarƙashin sandar Napravnik.

Napravnik kuma ya shirya wasan kwaikwayo na kansa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Mariinsky: Mutanen Nizhny Novgorod (libretto na PI Kalashnikov, 1868), Harold (dangane da wasan kwaikwayo na E. Wildenbruch, 1885), da Dubrovsky (bisa labarin AS Pushkin, 1894). ) da "Francesca da Rimini" (bisa ga bala'in S. Philipps, 1902).

Napravnik ya mutu a St. Petersburg a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba (23), 1916.

M. Druskin

• Eduard Napravnik a Opera na Rasha →

Mawaƙin Rasha da madugu, Czech ta ɗan ƙasa, ya zauna a St. Ya gudanar da samar da 1861st na operas da dama. Daga cikinsu akwai "Baƙon Dutse" na Dargomyzhsky (1867); "Pskovite" (1869), "Mayu Night" (1916), "Snow Maiden" (1) Rimsky-Korsakov; Boris Godunov na Mussorgsky (1872), The Demon by Rubinstein (1873), Maid of Orleans (1880), Sarauniya Spades (1882), Iolanthe (1874) na Tchaikovsky; Cui, Serov.

Daga cikin shirye-shiryen farko na wasan kwaikwayo na kasashen waje akwai Faust (1), Carmen (1869), Verdi's Othello (1885) da Falstaff (1887), Wagner's tetralogy Der Ring des Nibelungen (1894-1900) da sauransu.

Daga cikin ayyukan Napravnik, babban nasara ya fadi a kan opera Dubrovsky (1894), wanda ya kasance a kan matakan wasan kwaikwayo. Daga cikin sauran, mun lura "Francesca da Rimini" (1902, St. Petersburg). Gaba ɗaya, aikin Napravnik a matsayin mawaki ba shi da mahimmanci ga al'adun Rasha kamar yadda yake aiki a cikin filin gudanarwa.

E. Tsodokov