Maria Izrailevna Grinberg |

Maria Grinberg

"Ina so a cikin aikinta na ƙirƙira ta bayyanannun tunani mai mahimmanci, ainihin fahimtar ma'anar kiɗa, ɗanɗano mara kuskure ... sannan jituwar hotuna na kiɗa, kyakkyawar ma'anar tsari, kyakkyawan sauti mai ban sha'awa, sauti ba a matsayin ƙarshe a kanta ba. , amma a matsayin babban ma'anar magana, cikakkiyar fasaha, duk da haka ba tare da inuwar "nagartacciya". Na kuma lura a cikin wasanta da mahimmancin, kyakkyawar tattara tunani da ji…”

• Kiɗa na Piano a cikin shagon kan layi na Ozon →

Yawancin masoya kiɗa da suka saba da fasahar Maria Grinberg tabbas za su yarda da wannan kima na GG Neuhaus. A cikin wannan, mutum zai iya cewa, sifa mai tattare da komai, Ina so in haskaka kalmar "jituwa". Lalle ne, m image na Maria Grinberg nasara tare da mutunci da kuma a lokaci guda versatility. A matsayin masu bincike na bayanin aikin pianist, wannan yanayi na ƙarshe ya kasance saboda tasirin waɗannan malaman da Grinberg yayi karatu tare da su a Moscow Conservatory. Tana isowa daga Odessa (malaminta har zuwa 1925 shine DS Aizberg), ta shiga aji na FM, Blumenfeld; daga baya KN Igumnov ya zama shugabanta, wanda ajin Grinberg sauke karatu daga Conservatory a 1933. A 1933-1935, ta dauki wani postgraduate Hakika tare da Igumnov (makarantar mafi girma fasaha, kamar yadda ake kira a lokacin). Kuma idan daga FM Blumenfeld matasa artist "abo" iri-iri a cikin mafi kyau ma'anar kalmar, babban-sikelin tsarin kula da warware matsalolin fassara, sa'an nan daga KN Igumnov Grinberg gaji salo ji na ƙwarai, ƙware da sauti.

Wani muhimmin mataki a cikin ci gaban fasaha na dan wasan pian shine Gasar Ƙungiya ta Biyu ta Mawaƙa na Mawaƙa (1935): Grinberg ya lashe lambar yabo ta biyu. Gasar ita ce mafarin faffadan ayyukanta na kide-kide. Duk da haka, hawan dan wasan pian zuwa “Olympus Music” bai kasance mai sauƙi ba ko kaɗan. A cewar J. Milshtein na gaskiya, “akwai ’yan wasan da ba su sami cikakken kimantawa nan da nan ba… Suna girma a hankali, suna fuskantar ba kawai farin cikin nasara ba, har ma da dacin cin nasara. Amma a daya bangaren, suna girma a zahiri, a hankali kuma suna kaiwa kololuwar fasahar fasaha tsawon shekaru. Maria Grinberg na cikin irin wadannan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo.

Kamar kowane babban mawaƙin, wasan kwaikwayo nata, wanda ake wadatar dashi daga shekara zuwa shekara, yana da faɗi sosai, kuma yana da wuya a yi magana ta taƙaitaccen ma'ana game da dabi'un wasan pianist. A matakai daban-daban na ci gaban fasaha, ta kasance mai sha'awar nau'ikan kiɗa daban-daban. Amma duk da haka … A cikin tsakiyar 30s, A. Alschwang ya jaddada cewa manufa ga Grinberg shine fasahar gargajiya. Abokan ta na yau da kullun sune Bach, Scarlatti, Mozart, Beethoven. Ba tare da dalili ba, a lokacin da aka yi bikin cika shekaru 60 na 'yar pianist, ta gudanar da zagayowar kide-kide, wanda ya hada da dukkan sonata na piano na Beethoven. Da yake bitar wasannin kade-kade na farko na sake zagayowar, K. Adzhemov ya ce: “Fassarar Grinberg ba ta da ilimin ilimi. Wasan kwaikwayo a kowane lokaci yana da alamar keɓaɓɓen asali na ɗaiɗaicin ɗan pian, yayin da ƙananan inuwar kidan Beethoven ke bayyana daidai a cikin watsawa. Rubutun da aka saba yana samun sabuwar rayuwa tare da ƙarfin ilhamar mai zane. Yana cin nasara da sha'awar yin kiɗa, gaskiya, sautin gaskiya, ra'ayi mara sassauƙa kuma, mafi mahimmanci, hoto mai haske. " Ana iya ganin ingancin waɗannan kalmomi har ma a yanzu ta hanyar sauraron rikodin duk sonatas na Beethoven, wanda ɗan wasan pian ya yi a cikin 70s. Sa’ad da N. Yudenich ya yi la’akari da wannan aikin mai ban al’ajabi ya rubuta: “Hannun fasahar Grinberg tana da kuzari mai girma. Ta wurin roƙon kyawawan halaye na ruhaniya na mai sauraro, yana haifar da amsa mai ƙarfi da farin ciki. Rashin jurewa tasirin wasan pianist an bayyana shi da farko ta hanyar lallashi cikin ƙasa, “bangare” (don amfani da furucin Glinka), bayyanan kowane juyi, nassi, jigo, da kuma, a ƙarshe, ainihin gaskiyar maganar. Grinberg yana gabatar da mai sauraro a cikin kyakkyawar duniyar sonatas na Beethoven a sauƙaƙe, ba tare da tasiri ba, ba tare da ma'anar nisa ba ta raba gwanin mai fasaha daga mai sauraron da ba shi da kwarewa. Gaggawa, ikhlasi ana bayyana su a cikin ainihin saƙon wasan kwaikwayon.

Intonational freshness… Cikakken ma'anar gaske wanda ke bayyana dalilin tasiri akai-akai akan masu sauraron wasan Maria Grinberg. Yaya ta samu. Wataƙila babban sirrin ya kasance a cikin ƙa’idar kirkire-kirkire na “jama’a” na ɗan wasan pian, wanda ta taɓa tsarawa kamar haka: “Idan muna so mu ci gaba da rayuwa a kowane aiki, dole ne mu ɗanɗana shi kamar an rubuta shi a zamaninmu.”

Hakika, a cikin shekaru masu yawa na kide kide, Greenberg ya sake kunna kiɗan romantics - Schubert, Schumann, Liszt, Chopin da sauransu. Amma dai a kan haka ne, bisa la'akarin da ya dace na daya daga cikin masu sukar, canje-canje masu inganci sun faru a cikin salon fasahar fasaha. A cikin bita na D. Rabinovich (1961) mun karanta: “A yau ba za ku iya cewa ilimin hankali ba, wanda shine dindindin na baiwar M. Grinberg, har yanzu wani lokacin yana kan gaba akan sahihancin sa. Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, aikinta ya fi jin daɗi fiye da taɓawa. Akwai "sanyi" a cikin wasan kwaikwayon na M. Grinberg, wanda ya zama sananne sosai lokacin da mai wasan pian ya juya zuwa Chopin, Brahms, Rachmaninoff. Yanzu ta bayyana kanta sosai ba kawai a cikin kiɗan gargajiya ba, wanda ya daɗe yana kawo mata nasara mafi ban sha'awa, har ma a cikin kiɗan soyayya. "

Greenberg sau da yawa tana haɗa abubuwan ƙirƙira a cikin shirye-shiryenta waɗanda ba a san su ba ga masu sauraro da yawa kuma kusan ba a taɓa samun su akan fastocin kide kide ba. Don haka, a cikin ɗayan ayyukanta na Moscow, ayyukan Telemann, Graun, Soler, Seixas da sauran mawaƙa na ƙarni na XNUMX sun yi sauti. Har ila yau, za mu iya ba da sunan wasan kwaikwayon da aka manta da Wiese, Lyadov da Glazunov, Concerto na biyu na Tchaikovsky, wanda daya daga cikin masu yada farfagandarsa a zamaninmu ya zama Maria Grinberg.

Har ila yau, kiɗan Soviet yana da aboki na gaske a cikin mutum. A matsayin misali ɗaya na hankalinta ga kerawa na kiɗa na zamani, cikakken shirin sonata na marubutan Soviet, wanda aka shirya don bikin cika shekaru 30 na Oktoba, na iya yin hidima: Na biyu - na S. Prokofiev, Na uku - na D. Kablevsky, na huɗu - na V. Bely, Na uku – na M. Weinberg . Ta yi abubuwa da yawa na D. Shostakovich, B. Shekhter, A. Lokshin.

A cikin ensembles, masu zane-zane na abokan tarayya sun kasance masu sauti N. Dorliak, A. Dolivo, S. Yakovenko, 'yarta, dan wasan pianist N. Zabavnikova. Mun ƙara zuwa wannan cewa Greenberg ya rubuta shirye-shirye da yawa da shirye-shirye don piano biyu. Mawaƙin pian ya fara aikin koyarwa a 1959 a Cibiyar Gnessin, kuma a cikin 1970 ta sami lakabin farfesa.

Maria Grinberg ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga ci gaban fasahar wasan kwaikwayo na Soviet. A cikin taƙaitaccen tarihin mutuwar T. Khrennikov, G. Sviridov da S. Richter, akwai kuma kalmomi masu zuwa: "Ma'auni na basirarta ya ta'allaka ne a cikin babban iko na tasiri kai tsaye, haɗe da zurfin tunani na musamman, matakin mafi girma. na fasaha da fasaha na pianistic. Fassarar ɗayanta na kusan kowane yanki da take yi, ikonta na “karanta” ra'ayin mawaƙin ta wata sabuwar hanya, ta buɗe sabbin dabaru na fasaha.

Lit.: Milshtein Ya. Maria Grinberg. – M., 1958; Rabinovich D. Hotuna na pianists. – M., 1970.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.