Biyu bass balalaika: menene, abun da ke ciki, tarihin halitta

Balalaika kayan aiki ne na jama'a wanda aka dade ana danganta shi da Rasha kawai. Tarihi ya kawo masa wasu canje-canje, a yau ana wakilta shi da bambancin iri-iri. Akwai bambance-bambancen guda biyar a cikin duka, mafi ban sha'awa shine balalaika bass biyu.

Bayanin kayan aiki

Balalaika bass biyu kayan kida ne da aka fizge tare da igiyoyi uku. Kayan abu - karfe, nailan, filastik. A waje, ya bambanta da balalaika na yau da kullum ta hanyar girman girmansa: ya kai tsayin mita 1,5-1,7. Wuyan yana da frets goma sha bakwai (da wuya sha shida).

Wannan ba wai kawai mafi girman kwafin a tsakanin sauran nau'ikan balalaikas ba, yana da sauti mafi ƙarfi, ƙaramin sauti, kuma yana taka rawar bass. Babu makawa a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa, ƙungiyar kayan gargajiya na Rasha.

Ana ba da kwanciyar hankali na bass na balalaika-biyu ta hanyar spire na musamman da ke ƙasan jiki.

Dimensions da nauyi

Gabaɗayan girman bass ɗin balalaika-biyu sun kasance kamar haka:

• tsayi: 1600-1700 cm;
• tushe nisa: 1060-1250 cm;
• girman sashin aiki na kirtani: 1100-1180 cm;
• tsawon jiki: 790-820 cm.

Girman kayan kida sau da yawa sun bambanta da ma'auni: ƙwararrun mawaƙa suna sa su yin oda don dacewa da tsayin su da jikinsu.

Nauyin balalaika-biyu bass yana canzawa, wanda ya kai kilogiram 10-30 (kayan aikin samarwa, girma, da sauran yanayi suna taka rawa).

Balalaika-gina bass biyu

Zane na kayan aiki yana da sauƙin sauƙi, an bambanta abubuwan da ke gaba:

• jiki, ciki har da allon sauti (gaban, madaidaiciyar sashi), sashin baya (mafi zagaye, wanda ya ƙunshi sassan 5-6 masu haɗin gwiwa);
• wuyansa a haɗe zuwa jiki;
• igiyoyi (karfe, filastik, nailan, da sauransu);
• tsayawa (karfe spire), wanda ke ba ka damar daidaita tsayin igiyoyi, ƙirƙirar ƙarin tasiri mai ƙarfi, sa sauti ya fi girma, tsayi, danko;
• frets (ƙarfe tube cushe a jiki);
• resonator rami located a tsakiya, wanda hidima don cire sauti.

Wani muhimmin sashi shine mai shiga tsakani - daki-daki daban, rashin wanda ba zai ba ka damar fara kunna kiɗa ba. Profferserswararren masu aikawa a kan zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don zaɓin da suka bambanta da girma, kayan sampening.

Manufar mai shiga tsakani shine don fitar da sautuna. Yatsu sun yi rauni sosai don su mallaki igiyoyin kayan aiki masu ƙarfi, masu nauyi. Kyakkyawan zaɓi na masu shiga tsakani yana ba da tabbacin yiwuwar cire sauti na inuwa daban-daban, zurfin, tsawon lokaci, ƙarfi. Su ne fata, carbon fiber, polyethylene, caprolac, kashi. Girma - ƙananan, babba, matsakaici.

Tarihin halitta

Wanda a lokacin da aka qirqiro balalaika, ba a san shi da tabbas ba. Ana kiran kayan aikin da ake kira mutanen Rasha, tushen halitta sun ɓace a cikin nesa mai nisa. Da farko, kayan aikin ya bazu cikin ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka. Ya kasance yana sha'awar mutane kawai suna nazarin tarihi, suna jan hankali zuwa tushen tushe, ƙoƙarin kusantar mutane.

Guguwar sha'awa ta gaba ga abin da mutane suka fi so a cikin karni na XNUMX. Dvoryanin VV Andreev, wanda yake da sha'awar balalaikas kuma ya mallaki virtuoso Play, ya yanke shawarar inganta kayan aikin da ya fi so, don ya daina zama wani abu na mawaƙa mai son, ya zama ƙwararru, kuma ya ɗauki matsayi mai kyau a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa. Andreev yayi gwaji tare da girma, kayan aiki. Canza sigogin biyu sun canza sautin da sabon ƙarni balalaikas ya samar.

Daga baya, Andreev ya kirkiro wani gungu na mawaƙa suna wasa balalaikas na kowane ratsi. Wasan da kungiyar balalaika ta yi ya samu gagarumar nasara, har ma an gudanar da kide-kide da wake-wake a kasashen waje, wanda ya jawo farin ciki na gaske ga baki.

An ci gaba da shari'ar Andreev da mai tsara kotu Franz Passerbsky. Mutumin ya zo da tsarin tsarin dukan iyalin balalaikas, ya inganta kewayo, fasalin sauti, da fasalin ƙira. Mai sana'a ya gajarta wuyansa, ya sake girman ramin resonant, ya shirya frets a hanya ta musamman. Ba da daɗewa ba, samfuran biyar da aka sani a yau (prima, na biyu, viola, bass, bass biyu) sun zama tushen ƙungiyar makaɗa ta jama'a. Passerbsky ya ba da izinin layin balalaikas, wanda ke tsunduma cikin samar da masana'antu na kayan aikin jama'a.

Yanzu balalaika-biyu bass ya kasance memba na ƙungiyar mawaƙa na kayan kida na jama'a, mai iya nuna sautuka da yawa godiya ga fa'idar dama.

sauti Features

Na'urar tana da ingantaccen sautin sauti. Balalaika bass biyu yana da octaves biyu da semitones uku a wurinsa. Saboda girmansa, giant yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, sautin mafi ƙasƙanci tsakanin sauran nau'ikan balalaika.

Ana fitar da sauti tare da babban zaɓi na fata, saboda abin da ya zama mai zurfi, mai laushi, mai shiga ciki, kama da sautin guitar bass, bass biyu, tarawa. Wani lokaci ana kwatanta sautunan da bass balalaika biyu ke yi da sautunan da sashin jiki ya yi.

Labari

Tsarin bass balalaika biyu yana kama da na domra. Jerin sautin shine:

• kirtani na farko, mafi girman sautin - bayanin kula Re na babban octave;
• kirtani na biyu shine bayanin kula La na counteroctave;
• kirtani na uku shine Mi bayanin kula na counteroctave.

Tsarin na huɗu an ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar sautin buɗaɗɗen kirtani. Bayanan kula na balalaika-biyu bass an rubuta octave sama da ainihin sauti.

Amfani da balalaika-bass biyu

Kayan aiki yana da wuya a yi amfani da shi, ba kowa ba ne zai iya wasa balalaika-biyu bass - dalilin wannan shine nauyin nauyi, mai karfi, igiyoyi masu kauri, waɗanda ba su da sauƙi don cirewa ko da maɗaukakiyar plectrum. Mawaƙin zai buƙaci, ban da ilimin kiɗan, iyawar jiki na ban mamaki. Dole ne ku yi aiki da hannaye biyu: da ɗaya, igiyoyin suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi a kan fretboard, tare da na biyu an buga su ta amfani da matsakanci.

Mafi sau da yawa, balalaika na ban sha'awa girman sauti a cikin abun da ke ciki na jama'a ensembles, Orchestras. Wannan yana bawa mawaƙa damar hutawa lokaci-lokaci, samun ƙarfi. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, sha'awar kayan aikin gargajiya na Rasha ya karu sosai, kuma ana samun giant gini a cikin duets, virtuosos sun bayyana waɗanda ke shirye su yi aiki solo.

Mawakan da suka kware a balalaika-bass biyu suna wasa a tsaye ko a zaune. Saboda girman girman kayan aiki, ya fi dacewa don cire sauti yayin da yake tsaye a kusa. Mawaƙin soloist koyaushe yana wasa yayin da yake tsaye. Wani memba na ƙungiyar makaɗa, wanda ya mallaki bass balalaika-biyu, ya ɗauki wurin zama.

Sha'awar kayan aikin jama'a ba za ta ƙare ba. Mutane kullum suna komawa tushensu, suna ƙoƙari su koyi al'adun gargajiya, al'adu, al'adu. Balalaika-double bass abu ne mai ban sha'awa, mai rikitarwa, wanda ya cancanci karatu, sha'awa, girman kai.