Babban nau'ikan kiɗan

An sadaukar da sakon yau ga batun - manyan nau'ikan kiɗan. Da farko, bari mu ayyana abin da muke la'akari da nau'in kiɗa. Bayan wannan, za a ba da suna na ainihin nau'ikan, kuma a ƙarshe za ku koyi kada ku dame "nau'i" tare da sauran abubuwan mamaki a cikin kiɗa.

Don haka kalmar "iri" asalin Faransanci ne kuma yawanci ana fassara shi daga wannan yaren a matsayin "nau'i" ko jinsi. Don haka, nau'in kiɗan kiɗa - wannan nau'i ne ko, idan kuna so, jinsin ayyukan kiɗa. Babu ƙari kuma ba ƙasa ba.

Ta yaya nau'ikan kiɗan suka bambanta da juna?

Ta yaya wani nau'i ya bambanta da wani? Tabbas, ba kawai sunan ba. Tuna manyan sigogi guda huɗu waɗanda ke taimaka muku gano takamaiman nau'in kuma kada ku dame shi da wani nau'in abun da ke ciki iri ɗaya. Wannan:

1. nau'in abun ciki na fasaha da kiɗa;
2. fasali mai salo na wannan nau'in;
3. muhimmiyar manufar ayyukan wannan nau'in da irin rawar da suke takawa a cikin al'umma;
4. yanayin da zai yiwu a yi da sauraron (duba) aikin kiɗa na wani nau'i na musamman.

Menene wannan duka yake nufi? To, alal misali, bari mu ɗauki a matsayin misali irin wannan nau'in kamar "waltz". Waltz rawa ne, kuma wannan ya riga ya faɗi da yawa. Tun da wannan rawa ne, yana nufin cewa ba a kunna kiɗan waltz ba kowane lokaci, amma daidai lokacin da kuke buƙatar rawa (wannan tambaya ce ta yanayin aiki). Me yasa suke rawa waltz? Wani lokaci don jin daɗi, wani lokacin don kawai jin daɗin kyawun filastik, wani lokacin saboda rawa waltz al'adar biki ce (wannan yana zuwa ga labarin game da manufar rayuwa). Waltz a matsayin rawa ana siffanta shi da raye-raye, haske, sabili da haka a cikin kiɗansa akwai nau'ikan raye-raye iri ɗaya da ƙayataccen ƙwanƙwasa guda uku, wanda bugun farko yana da ƙarfi kamar turawa, biyun kuma suna da rauni, tashi (wannan. yana da alaƙa da salo da lokuta masu mahimmanci).

Babban nau'ikan kiɗan

Duk nau'ikan kiɗan, tare da babban digiri na al'ada, ana iya raba su zuwa rukuni huɗu: wasan kwaikwayo, kide kide, taro-kowace rana da nau'ikan ibada na addini. Bari mu kalli kowane ɗayan waɗannan nau'ikan daban kuma mu lissafa manyan nau'ikan kiɗan da aka haɗa a wurin.

1. nau'ikan wasan kwaikwayo (Babban wadanda a nan su ne opera da ballet; ban da haka, ana yin operettas, kide-kide, wasan kwaikwayo na kida, vaudevilles da kade-kade na kade-kade, melodramas, da sauransu a kan mataki)
2. nau'ikan wasan kwaikwayo (waɗannan su ne symphonies, sonatas, oratorios, cantatas, trios, quartets da quintets, suites, concertos, da sauransu.)
3. Nau'ukan taro (a nan muna magana ne akan waƙoƙi, raye-raye da raye-raye a cikin kowane nau'in su)
4. nau'ikan al'ada-al'ada (waɗannan nau'ikan da ke da alaƙa da al'adun addini ko na biki - alal misali: waƙoƙin Kirsimeti, waƙoƙin Maslenitsa, makokin bikin aure da jana'izar, tsafi, ƙararrawa, troparia da kontakia, da sauransu).

Mun ba da sunayen kusan dukkanin manyan nau'ikan kiɗan (opera, ballet, oratorio, cantata, symphony, concert, sonata - waɗannan sune mafi girma). Su ne ainihin manyan kuma sabili da haka ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa kowane ɗayan waɗannan nau'o'in yana da nau'i da yawa.

Kuma ƙarin abu ... Dole ne mu manta cewa rabo na iri tsakanin waɗannan azuzuwan huɗu ne sabani sosai. Yana faruwa cewa nau'ikan suna ƙaura daga wannan nau'in zuwa wani. Alal misali, wannan yana faruwa a lokacin da mawallafin ya sake yin wani nau'i na al'ada na kiɗa a kan wasan opera (kamar yadda yake a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Rimsky-Korsakov "The Snow Maiden"), ko kuma a cikin wani nau'i na kide-kide - alal misali, a cikin wasan karshe na Tchaikovsky 4th. symphony sanannen waƙar jama'a. Duba da kanku! Idan kun gano menene wannan waƙar, rubuta sunanta a cikin sharhi!

PI Tchaikovsky Symphony No. 4 - karshe