Bruno Walter |

Bruno Walter

Ayyukan Bruno Walter yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun shafuka a cikin tarihin wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa. Kusan shekaru XNUMX da suka wuce, ya tsaya a tashar madugun 'yan wasa a cikin manyan gidajen opera da wuraren kide-kide da wake-wake a duniya, kuma shahararsa ba ta gushe ba har sai da ya kare. Bruno Walter yana daya daga cikin manyan wakilan taurarin taurari na Jamus wadanda suka zo kan gaba a farkon karni na mu. An haife shi a Berlin, a cikin iyali mai sauƙi, kuma ya nuna ikon farko wanda ya sa ya ga mai zane na gaba a cikinsa. Yayin da yake karatu a ɗakin karatu, a lokaci guda ya ƙware ƙware biyu - kiɗan pianistic da tsarawa. Duk da haka, kamar yadda aka saba, ya zaɓi hanya ta uku a sakamakon haka, ya zama madugu. Sha'awar da yake da ita na nuna kide-kide na kade-kade da kade-kade da kade-kade da kade-kade da kade-kade suka sami saukin hakan, inda ya ji raye-rayen da Hans Bülow, daya daga cikin fitattun masu gudanarwa da masu wasan pian na karnin da ya gabata ya yi.

Lokacin da Walter yana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, ya riga ya kammala karatunsa a makarantar Conservatory kuma ya ɗauki mukaminsa na farko a matsayin ɗan wasan pianist a gidan opera na Cologne, kuma bayan shekara guda ya fara halarta a nan. Ba da da ewa Walter ya koma Hamburg, inda ya fara aiki a karkashin jagorancin Gustav Mahler, wanda yana da babbar tasiri a kan matasa artist. A zahiri, Mahler shine mahaliccin makarantar gabaɗaya, wanda Walter ya kasance na ɗaya daga cikin wuraren farko. Shekaru biyu da aka shafe a Hamburg, matashin mawaƙin ya ƙware asirin ƙwarewar ƙwararru; ya faɗaɗa waƙarsa kuma a hankali ya zama fitaccen mutum a fagen kiɗan. Sa'an nan shekaru da yawa ya gudanar a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Bratislava, Riga, Berlin, Vienna (1901-1911). Anan rabo ya sake haɗa shi da Mahler.

A cikin 1913-1922, Walter shine "Darekta Janar" a Munich, ya jagoranci bukukuwan Mozart da Wagner, a 1925 ya jagoranci Opera na Jihar Berlin, kuma bayan shekaru hudu, Leipzig Gewandhaus. Waɗannan shekarun ne na bunƙasa ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo na madugu, wanda ya sami karɓuwa ga dukan Turai. A wannan lokacin ya sha kai ziyara kasarmu, inda ake gudanar da tafiye-tafiyensa tare da samun nasara. A Rasha, sa'an nan kuma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, Walter yana da abokai da yawa a cikin mawaƙa. Shi ne abin lura cewa shi ne na farko dan wasan kasashen waje na farko Symphony Dmitri Shostakovich. A lokaci guda, mai zane yana shiga cikin bukukuwan Salzburg kuma yana gudanar da kowace shekara a Covent Garden.

A farkon shekarun talatin, Bruno Walter ya riga ya kasance a saman aikinsa. Amma da zuwan Hitler, sanannen madugu ya tilasta gudu daga Jamus, da farko zuwa Vienna (1936), sa'an nan zuwa Faransa (1938) da kuma, a karshe, zuwa Amurka. A nan ya gudanar a Metropolitan Opera, wanda aka yi tare da mafi kyaun makada. Sai bayan yakin ne aka sake ganin Walter a gidan wasan kwaikwayo da gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Turai. Fasaharsa a wannan lokacin bai rasa ƙarfinsa ba. Kamar yadda yake a cikin ƙuruciyarsa, ya faranta wa masu sauraro farin ciki da faɗin ra'ayoyinsa, da ƙarfin hali, da ƙazamin hali. Don haka ya kasance a cikin tunawa da dukan waɗanda suka ji shugaba.

Wasan kide-kide na karshe na Walter ya faru a Vienna, jim kadan kafin mutuwar mai zane. A karkashin jagorancinsa, an yi Schubert's Unfinished Symphony da Mahler's Fourth.

Rubutun Bruno Walter ya yi girma sosai. Babban wurin da ke cikinta ya kasance cikin ayyukan mawaƙa na gargajiya na Jamus da Austriya. A gaskiya ma, ana iya faɗi da kyakkyawan dalili cewa shirye-shiryen Walter sun nuna tarihin Jamusanci - daga Mozart da Beethoven zuwa Bruckner da Mahler. Kuma a nan, da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na operas, basirar mai gudanarwa ta bayyana da karfi. Amma a lokaci guda, duka ƙananan wasan kwaikwayo da ayyukan marubuta na wannan zamani sun kasance ƙarƙashinsa. Daga kowane kida na gaske, ya san yadda za a sassaƙa wutar rayuwa da kyakkyawa na gaske.

An adana wani muhimmin sashi na repertoire na Bruno Walter a cikin bayanai. Yawancinsu ba wai kawai suna isar mana da ƙarfin fasaharsa ba ne kawai, har ma suna ba wa mai sauraro damar kutsawa cikin dakin gwaje-gwajensa na kere-kere. Wannan na ƙarshe yana nufin faifan bidiyo na bita-da-kullin Bruno Walter, sauraron abin da ba da son rai ba ka sake ƙirƙira a cikin zuciyarka kyakykyawan bayyanar wannan fitaccen maigida.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969