Yadda ake kunna violin da baka bayan siyan, shawarwari don masu farawa

Idan kwanan nan kun yi rajista don darussan violin ko aika yaro zuwa makarantar kiɗa don azuzuwan violin, kuna buƙatar siyan kayan aiki don aikin gida. Ta hanyar yin karatu akai-akai (na mintuna 20 a rana), zaku haɓaka ƙwarewar da aka koya a cikin aji kuma za ku kasance a shirye don ƙware sabbin abubuwa.

Domin kada kayan aikin da ba su dace ba su rushe aikin gida, kuna buƙatar iya kunna shi. Lokacin siyan kayan aiki, zaku iya tambayar mai ba da shawara don kunna violin, kuma malamin zai taimaka muku saka idanu akan kunna kayan yayin aiki.

Don kunna violin, daidaita sautin buɗaɗɗen kirtani na kayan aiki da sautin tunani.

Ya kamata kowane mai wasan violin ya iya kunna violin, saboda na'urar ta rasa sautin ta saboda canjin yanayin zafi, zafi da sauransu. Da kyau ana yin violin, lokacin da ake yin violin ɗin ya daɗe, amma kafin darussan violin da wasan kwaikwayo, kayan aikin yana nan har yanzu. gyara. Idan dan wasan violin har yanzu yana karami, to, iyaye suna koyon kunna violin.

Ƙarfin kawo kayan aiki cikin yanayin aiki ya zo tare da kwarewa, kuma kana buƙatar yin aiki akai-akai don samun damar kunna violin ta kunne.

Ga wadanda yanayin ba a ba su kyauta ba tare da cikakken farar, kuma wanda bai riga ya sami lokaci don haɓakawa ba, akwai na'urori na musamman don taimakawa wajen daidaita kayan aiki. Ma'anar kunnawa shine kawo sautin buɗaɗɗen zaren guda huɗu daidai da ma'auni. Gina violin - Mi, La, Re, Sol (farawa daga kirtani na bakin ciki).

Yadda ake kunna violin bayan siyan

Violin yana da na'urori guda biyu don canza tashin hankali na kirtani kuma, saboda haka, filin wasa: kunna turaku (kamar a kan guitar) da "injuna". Tukunna suna kan ɗokin kai kuma na'urori ne waɗanda igiyoyin ke rauni a kansu. Injin suna a gindin igiyar kuma suna kama da da'ira. Ba duk violin ba ne aka shigar da injuna, kuma idan ba a can ba, kunna kunna tare da taimakon turaku ya rage.

Tuning pegs suna ba da ƙarar ƙararrawa, suna da wuyar juyawa kuma yana da sauƙi a karya kirtani ta hanyar dagewa. An yi imani da cewa don daidaita violin, yana da kyau a yi amfani da "injuna" kuma saya kayan aiki tare da su. Idan kirtani ba ta da ƙarfi sosai, sai su juya peg ɗin, idan ya zama dole don daidaita shi kaɗan, suna juya injin. Lokacin juya turaku, riƙe violin a kusurwa, jingina akan kafafunku, kuma lokacin aiki tare da na'urar bugawa, sanya kayan aiki akan gwiwoyi. Kada ka taɓa riƙe kayan aiki kusa da fuskarka lokacin kunnawa! Idan igiyar ta karye, zai iya cutar da ku.

Masu violin sukan kunna violin ta kunne - su mawaƙa ne da ingantaccen kunne. Amma ga masu son koyo, mafari, da iyayen matasa mawaƙa, akwai wasu hanyoyin da za a duba yadda ake kunna violin. Hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce yin amfani da mai gyara - kuna wasa, kuma yana nuna ko an kunna kirtani. Tuner na iya zama shiri akan waya, na'ura, ko gidan yanar gizo. Madaidaicin wannan kayan aikin ba koyaushe ya dace da mai violin ba. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine kunna piano na lantarki (ba sautin murya ba, kamar yadda zai iya zama daga sauti). Da farko kunna zaren A, sannan sauran. Don daidaita igiyoyin da ke kusa, ana kunna kirtani masu buɗewa kuma a duba su cikakke na biyar. Masu amfani da violin na iya jin saɓanin da kyau, amma idan kunne bai haɓaka ba, kunna duk kirtani bisa ga ma'aunin sauti ko phono.

Yadda ake kunna violin ba tare da piano ba

Zaren farko da za a fara aikin kunnawa da shi shine kirtani A. Duk abin da kuke buƙata shine ma'aunin sauti. Kuna iya amfani da:

• cokali mai yatsa;
• sautin magana da aka yi rikodin;
• mai gyara gyara.

Aikin ku shine daidaita kirtani ta yadda sautunan za su haɗu tare ba tare da yin wani ƙara ba. Cokali mai yatsa yana sauti daidai kamar buɗaɗɗen kirtani na biyu yakamata yayi sauti. Yawancin igiyoyi masu amfani da violin suna kunna su ta kunne. Lokacin kunna violin, tsaya kan dabarar "piano" lokacin aiki tare da baka.

Ga novice violinists, da kuma ga iyayen matasa mawaƙa, mai kunnawa ne mai kyau mafita ga matsalar. An makala shi a wuyan violin, kuma idan kun kunna kirtani mai buɗewa, yana nuna akan allon ma'aunin ko kirtan yana kunna.

Kunna violin a matakin ƙwararru ra'ayi ne na dangi. Maganar A ta bambanta a ɗakuna daban-daban, lokacin wasa da kayan kida daban-daban. Alal misali, don yin wasa a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa, duk violin, violas, cellos da basses biyu suna sauraron kayan kiɗa - oboe. Kuma idan kuna shirin yin wasa da solo na piano, to suna kunna shi zuwa piano.

Yin kunna violin ba tare da piano ba a cikin karni na 21 ba matsala ba ne - akan Intanet zaka iya samun rikodin rikodi na kowane kirtani cikin sauƙi, kuma cokali mai yatsa yana cikin kowane akwati na violin.

Kafin fara darasi na violin, kafin wasan kwaikwayo ko maimaitawa, mawaƙa suna kawo kayan aiki cikin yanayin aiki: suna duba ko an kunna violin kuma suna shirya baka don aiki.

Violin da girman baka

Ana zabar violin da baka a cikin girman, dangane da tsayi da gina dan wasan violin. Ana ɗaukar violin 4/4 cikakken girman violin kuma ya dace da manya sama da 150 cm tsayi. Don irin wannan violin, an zaɓi baka tare da girman 745-750 mm.

Tsawon baka yana da mahimmanci yayin da yake rinjayar halin hannun da ke riƙe da baka. Idan baka ya yi tsayi da yawa, hannun dama zai "fadi" a bayan baya, kuma saboda gajeren baka, hannun dama ba zai kara ba.

Don kauce wa rashin jin daɗi da yiwuwar rauni, gwada baka daidai a cikin shagon. Duk da haka, wasiƙun da ke tsakanin tsayi da girman kayan aiki shine kawai jagora, kuma ba doka ba. Kowane mutum daban ne, kuma za ka ga cewa girman baka daban zai dace da kai, komai tsayinka. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin zabar baka, ana kuma la'akari da tsawon makamai. Yadda ake kunna violin

An ce violin yana cikin sauti lokacin da wasu igiyoyi suka dace da wani sauti. Na farko (mafi ƙarancin kirtani kanta) shine Mi na octave na biyu, kirtani na biyu yana sauti kamar La na octave na farko, kirtani na uku shine Re kuma na huɗu shine Sol.

Mutanen da ke da cikakkiyar sautin sautin violin ba tare da taimakon sautin tunani da aka fitar da cokali mai yatsa ba, piano, ko sautin da aka yi rikodi - kawai suna tunawa da yadda igiyoyin ke sauti, kamar an gina na'urar sauti na ciki a cikinsu. Makarantar Kiɗa ta MuzShock tana ba wa mutum da ma'aurata darussan violin, inda za mu koya muku yadda ake kunna baka da violin daidai da kanku.

Idan jin mawaƙin bai cika ba, to yana amfani da na'urorin taimako. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don kunna violin ita ce tare da cokali mai yatsa. Cokali mai yatsa yana kama da cokali mai yatsa na ƙarfe, wanda, lokacin da aka yi aiki da injina, yana samar da bayanin kula "La" - kamar dai kirtani na biyu. Gyaran violin yana farawa tare da kirtani A, sa'an nan kuma, mayar da hankali akan shi, sauran igiyoyin suna kunna.

Yana yiwuwa a saurari rikodin sauti na buɗaɗɗen kirtani kuma kunna violin bisa ga su, amma wannan hanya ba ta dace da ƙwararrun mawaƙa ba. Piano "La" ya bambanta da cokali mai yatsa "La". Saboda haka, violin don yin wasa a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa yana sauraron oboe, don kunna piano - zuwa piano.

Violin kayan aiki ne na gargajiya wanda ya shahara shekaru aru-aru. A yau ma ana bukatar hakan kuma iyaye da yawa tun suna kanana suna tura ‘ya’yansu makarantar waka, domin su koyi abubuwan da ake amfani da su wajen buga violin.

Idan yaron ya riga ya tafi azuzuwan biyu kuma kun lura cewa matashin Vivaldi yana tsaye a gaban ku, to lokaci yayi da za ku yi tunani game da siyan kayan aiki na sirri. Amma yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa baka yana taka muhimmiyar rawa fiye da violin kanta. Shi ya sa yana da kyau a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga zaɓinsa.

Yadda za a zabi baka violin?

Da farko, kana buƙatar ka zo da gaskiyar cewa a kowane hali kada ka sayi baka da violin "don girma". Bayan haka, kunna babban kayan aiki tsari ne na girma fiye da kunna ƙarami. Bugu da ƙari, kada ku yi tunanin cewa yaron ya kamata ya koya nan da nan a kan violin mai girma tare da baka mai dacewa, kamar yadda ƙananan sauti ya fi rauni kuma mafi muni. Wannan ra'ayi ba daidai ba ne.

Idan jaririn yana da shekaru 5 zuwa 8, tsayinsa shine 120-135 cm, kuma tsayin hannu shine 445-510 mm, to, ¼ violin baka zai zama mafita mai kyau. Yadda ake ɗaukar ma'auni? Kuna buƙatar auna hannunku daga tsakiyar dabino da aka buɗe zuwa kafada.

Bari mu ci gaba zuwa zabar baka mai inganci

Na farko, kimanta nau'in baka. Tabbatar cewa babu tsaga akan sa. Idan ka zaɓi baka na nau'in kasafin kuɗi, kuna haɗarin siyan baka mara kyau, tun da irin waɗannan bakuna an rufe su da varnish mara kyau, kuma yana da wuya a ga fashe.

Yi ƙoƙarin ɗaukar baka tare da farin gashin doki na halitta. Yi la'akari da jujjuyawar juzu'i lokacin da zazzage gashi - idan juyawa yana da santsi kuma baya buƙatar ƙoƙari, baka ya dace.

Hakanan duba cewa zaren yana cikin tsari. Sau da yawa akwai bakuna tare da zaren karya, wannan lahani ne na masana'antu. Tabbatar cewa zaren yana cikin yanayi mai kyau daidai a cikin kantin sayar da, in ba haka ba za a sami matsaloli daga baya idan kuna son mayar da baka baya.

Idan baka yana cikin yanayin taut, reshen yana taɓa gashi. Wata hanyar duba baka ita ce a ja gashin kai har sai sandar ta mike. A cikin wannan yanayin, ɗauka a hankali a tafin hannunka. Alamar baka mara kyau za ta kasance: mai karfi mai karfi, babu sake dawowa, raunana tashin hankali bayan tasiri.

Wani gwaji don dubawa: sanya baka a kan kirtani ba tare da yin sauti ba kuma karkatar da shi zuwa dama da hagu. Kyakkyawan baka ba za ta yi tsalle ba ko kuma ta yi motsi ba zato ba tsammani.

Girman baka

Bakan yana da masu girma dabam daidai da girman violin: 1/16, 1/10, 1/8, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 7/8 da 4/4. Amma yana da kyau a zabi girman baka, kamar violin, tare da malamin violin. Duk mutane sun bambanta, kuma girman kayan aiki da baka ga yaro dole ne a zaba bisa ga halaye na mutum: tsawo, ginawa, tsawon makamai, yatsunsu.

Idan bakan da aka zaɓa ya juya ya zama tsayi mai tsayi, to, lokacin wasa, hannun dama zai tafi, ya fadi a baya, kuma sandar ba zai kai karshen ba; Bakan da ya wuce kima baya barin hannun dama ya kwance. Wannan yana rinjayar samar da sauti, matsayi, jin daɗin ɗan wasan violin, don haka tabbatar da tuntuɓar malamin violin wanda baka ya dace da ku.

ingancin baka

Ingancin baka, kamar kowane samfur, yana daidai da farashin. Amma ko da a tsakanin bakuna na kasafin kuɗi, nemi zaɓi mafi kyau dangane da inganci.

Duba baka daga kowane bangare, bincika fashe. Idan an rufe baka da varnish mai tsabta, yana da sauƙi a sami ƙwanƙwasa, amma yawancin bakuna na kasafin kuɗi sun fi fentin fentin launi mai launi, wanda ya sa ya zama da wuya a sami lahani. Ko da ƙananan tsage-tsalle suna yin alkawarin farkon fashewar reshen, saboda dole ne ya kasance mai juriya don wasa, kuma ya jure wa gashin gashi.

Bakan mai inganci yana daidaitawa idan kun shimfiɗa gashi, kamar yadda lokacin wasa - karkatarwa ya ɓace, redu ya yi kama da ko da. Bakan, mai iya watsa inuwar sauti da dabara, tana rawar jiki idan kun buge shi da yatsa (gashi kamar lokacin wasa), yana riƙe da toshe da kuma redi. Kar ka manta cewa ƙarshen baka yana kallon sama. Ƙwararrun violin masu kwarewa sun ƙayyade ingancin baka ta hanyar yawan rawar jiki, amma wannan ya shafi zaɓuɓɓuka masu tsada.

Lokacin zabar baka, ana ba da shawarar yin wani gwaji: sanya shi a kan igiya (kamar ana wasa) kuma kawai karkatar da shi hagu da dama, ba tare da cire sauti ba. Bai kamata bakan ya yi tsalle ba, ya motsa da sauri da sauri.

Za ku zaɓi bakuna na biyu, na uku da na gaba dangane da ƙwarewar ku, sanin abubuwan da kuke buƙata don sauti da ta'aziyya.

Yadda ake kunna baka

Don duba shirye-shiryen baka don aiki - duba shi. Idan gashin yana raguwa ko kuma an lankwasa sandar, ana buƙatar gyara tashin hankali a cikin gashin. Idan ya yi tagumi, sai a danne gashin, idan an lankwashe sandar, a sassauta shi. Hakanan, kafin yin wasa, shafa baka tare da rosin - shafa dutsen sama da ƙasa sau 5-6. Akwai 'yan wasan violin waɗanda ke ba da shawarar shafa game da sau ashirin - sautin yana da haske da wadata, amma an rufe violin tare da sutura mai ɗorewa.

Don kiyaye violin a cikin sauti mai tsayi, rike shi da kulawa: adana shi a cikin akwati, nesa da canjin yanayin zafi da zafi, guje wa tasirin injina.