Boris Alexandrovich Tchaikovsky |

Boris Tchaikovsky

Wannan mawakin ɗan Rasha ne sosai. Duniyar ruhaniyarsa duniya ce ta tsaftataccen sha'awa. Akwai abubuwa da yawa da ba a faɗi ba a cikin wannan kiɗan, wasu ɓoyayyun taushin hali, babban tsafta na ruhaniya. G. Sviridov

B. Tchaikovsky shi ne mai haske da asali na asali, wanda asalin aikinsa, asali da zurfin ƙazanta na tunanin kiɗa suna haɗuwa da juna. Domin da yawa shekarun da suka gabata, mawaki, duk da gwaji na fashion da sauran masu halartar yanayi, uncompromisingly ke nasa hanyar a art. Yana da mahimmanci yadda ƙarfin hali ya gabatar a cikin ayyukansa mafi sauƙi, wani lokacin har ma da sanannun waƙoƙi da ƙira. Domin, bayan wucewa ta hanyar tace sautinsa mai ban mamaki, basirar da ba za ta ƙare ba, da ikon daidaitawa ga abin da ba daidai ba, sabon kayan aikin sa, bayyananne, a bayyane, amma mai yalwar launi, mafi yawan kwayoyin innation na yau da kullum yana bayyana ga mai sauraro kamar an sake haihuwa. , ya bayyana ainihin sa, ainihin sa…

B. Tchaikovsky an haife shi ne a cikin iyalin da ake son waƙa sosai kuma an ƙarfafa 'ya'yansu maza su yi nazarinsa, dukansu sun zaɓi kiɗa a matsayin sana'a. A lokacin ƙuruciya, B. Tchaikovsky ya haɗa nau'ikan piano na farko. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu ana saka su a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na matasa masu wasan pian. A cikin shahararriyar makarantar Gnessins, ya yi karatun piano tare da ɗaya daga cikin waɗanda suka kafa shi E. Gnesina da A. Golovina, kuma malaminsa na farko a cikin rubutun shi ne E. Messner, mutumin da ya taso da shahararrun mawaƙa, wanda abin mamaki ya san yadda ake yin su daidai. kai yaro ya warware quite hadaddun matsaloli. ayyuka na haɗaka, don bayyana masa ma'anar ma'anar sauye-sauye na ƙasa da haɗin kai.

A cikin makaranta da kuma a Moscow Conservatory, B. Tchaikovsky yayi karatu a cikin azuzuwan na shahararrun mashahuran Soviet - V. Shebalin, D. Shostakovich, N. Myaskovsky. Har ma a lokacin, an bayyana muhimman abubuwan da ke tattare da halayen mawaƙa na matashi, wanda Myaskovsky ya tsara kamar haka: "Wani ɗakin ajiya na musamman na Rasha, mahimmanci mai mahimmanci, fasaha mai kyau ..." A lokaci guda, B. Tchaikovsky yayi karatu a cikin ɗakin karatu. aji na ban mamaki Soviet pianist L. Oborin. Mawaƙin har yanzu yana aiki azaman mai fassara abubuwan da ya tsara a yau. A cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Piano Concerto, Trio, Violin da Cello Sonatas, Piano Quintet an rubuta su akan rikodin gramophone.

A farkon lokacin aikinsa, mawaƙin ya ƙirƙira manyan ayyuka masu yawa: Symphony na farko (1947), Fantasia akan Jigogi na Folk na Rasha (1950), Slavic Rhapsody (1951). Sinfonietta for string orchestra (1953). A cikin kowannen su, marubucin ya gano wata hanya ta asali, mai zurfi ta mutum-mutumi zuwa ga alama sanannun ra'ayoyin ilimantarwa-waƙar waƙa da ra'ayoyi-nau'i-nau'i, zuwa nau'ikan al'ada, ba tare da ɓata ba ga stereotyped, warware matsalolin gama gari a waɗannan shekarun. Ba mamaki abubuwan da ya rubuta sun haɗa da masu gudanarwa irin su S. Samosud da A. Gauk a cikin repertoire. A cikin shekaru goma 1954-64, yana iyakance kansa musamman ga fagen kayan aikin ɗakin ɗakin (Piano Trio - 1953; Quartet na farko - 1954; String Trio - 1955; Sonata don Cello da Piano, Concerto don Clarinet da ƙungiyar mawaƙa - 1957; Sonata don Violin da piano - 1959; Quartet na biyu - 1961; Piano Quintet - 1962), mawaki ba kawai ya haɓaka ƙamus na kiɗan da ba a iya fahimta ba, amma kuma ya gano mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin duniyarsa ta alama, inda kyakkyawa, ta ƙunshi jigogi na melodic, a cikin Rashanci. 'yanci, rashin gaggawa, "laconic", ya bayyana a matsayin alamar tsarkin ɗabi'a da juriya na mutum.

The Cello Concerto (1964) ya buɗe wani sabon lokaci a cikin aikin B. Tchaikovsky, alama da manyan ra'ayoyi na symphonic cewa gabatar da mafi muhimmanci tambayoyi na zama. Rashin natsuwa, tunani mai rai yana karo a cikinsu ko dai tare da tafiyar lokaci na rashin tsayawa, ko tare da rashin aiki, al'adar al'ada ta yau da kullun, ko tare da walƙiya mai ban tsoro na rashin kamewa, rashin tausayi. Wani lokaci waɗannan karon suna ƙarewa cikin bala'i, amma har ma a lokacin ƙwaƙwalwar mai sauraro tana riƙe da lokacin mafi girman fahimta, haɓakar ruhin ɗan adam. Irin su ne na biyu (1967) da na uku, "Sevastopol" (1980), symphonies; Jigo da Bambance-bambancen Takwas (1973, a lokacin bikin cika shekaru 200 na Dresden Staatskapelle); waqoqin waqoqin “Wind of Siberiya” da “Teenager” (bayan karanta littafin F. Dostoevsky – 1984); Kiɗa don Orchestra (1987); Violin (1969) da Piano (1971) concertos; Na hudu (1972), na biyar (1974) da na shida (1976).

Wani lokaci maganganun waƙar yana kama da ɓoye a bayan rabin wasa, rabin abin rufe fuska na salo ko bushewa. Amma duka a cikin Partita for cello da jam'iyyar gungu (1966) da kuma a cikin Chamber Symphony, a cikin sublimely bakin ciki finals, daga cikin gutsuttsura-echoes na baya chorales da Maris ƙungiyoyi, unisons da toccatas, wani abu m da sirri sirri, masoyi, an bayyana. . A cikin sona don pianos biyu (1973) kuma a cikin letwes shida don kirtani da sashin jiki na biyu. samar da hoto mai jituwa na ma'ana, "duniya ta mutumtaka". Mawaƙin ba safai yake yin hutu zuwa ma'anar da aka zana daga arsenal na sauran fasaha ba. Aikin karatunsa a ɗakin ajiyar kayan tarihi - opera "Star" bayan E. Kazakevich (1977) - ya kasance ba a gama ba. Amma kwatankwacin kadan daga cikin ayyukan murya na B. Tchaikovsky sun keɓe ga mahimman matsalolin: mai zane da makomarsa (zagayen zagayowar "Pushkin's Lyrics" - 1949), tunani akan rayuwa da mutuwa (cantata don soprano, harpsichord da kirtani "Alamomin Zodiac" F. Tyutchev, A. Blok, M. Tsvetaeva da N. Zabolotsky), game da mutum da yanayi (zagayewar "Last Spring" a tashar N. Zabolotsky). A cikin 1972, a bikin kiɗa na Soviet a Boston (Amurka), an yi wakoki huɗu na I. Brodsky, waɗanda aka rubuta a baya a 1988, a karon farko. Har zuwa kwanan nan, waƙar su a ƙasarmu ba a san su ba ne kawai a cikin rubutun marubucin na 1965 (Four Preludes for Chamber Orchestra). Sai kawai a bikin kaka-1984 na Moscow ya yi sautin sake zagayowar a karon farko a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a cikin asali na asali.

B. Tchaikovsky shine marubucin waƙar waƙa da farin ciki don tatsuniyoyi na rediyo ga yara bisa GX Andersen da D. Samoilov: "The Tin Soldier", "Galoshes of Happiness", "Swineherd", "Puss in Boots", "Mai yawon bude ido". Giwa” da wasu da yawa, kuma an san su da godiya ga rikodin gramophone. Don duk sauƙi na waje da rashin fahimta, akwai cikakkun bayanai masu ban sha'awa, abubuwan tunawa da hankali, amma har ma da alamar ƙayyadaddun schlager, hatimi, wanda irin waɗannan samfuran wani lokacin zunubi, ba su nan gaba ɗaya. Kamar yadda sabo, madaidaici da gamsarwa shine mafita na kiɗan sa a cikin fina-finai kamar Seryozha, Auren Balzaminov, Aibolit-66, Patch and Cloud, Darussan Faransanci, Matashi.

Maganar alama, a cikin ayyukan B. Tchaikovsky akwai 'yan bayanan kula, amma yawancin kiɗa, iska mai yawa, sararin samaniya. Harshensa ba banal ba ne, amma tsabtarsu da sabon abu sun yi nisa daga gwaje-gwajen dakin gwaje-gwaje na “tsabtace na sinadarai, da gangan daga ko da alamar shiga tsakani na yau da kullun, da kuma ƙoƙarin “kwarkwasa” da wannan yanayi. Kuna iya jin aikin tunani mara gajiyawa a cikinsu. Wannan kiɗan yana buƙatar irin wannan aikin na rai daga mai sauraro, yana ba shi a mayar da shi babban jin dadi daga fahimtar fahimtar jituwa na duniya, wanda kawai fasaha na gaskiya zai iya bayarwa.

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