Wasan opera "Don Giovanni" babban zane ne mara shekaru

Manyan malamai sun yi imani da cewa kiɗa kawai kwaikwayo ne na waƙar ɗan adam. Idan haka ne, duk wani ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwaƙƙwalwa idan aka kwatanta shi da lullaby na yau da kullun. Amma lokacin da muryoyi suka zo kan gaba, wannan ya riga ya zama fasaha mafi girma. Anan gwanin Mozart bai san daidai ba.

Wolfgang Mozart ya rubuta fitattun wasannin operas ɗinsa a lokacin da mawaƙin na iya cika kiɗa da jin daɗinsa ya kai kololuwa, kuma a Don Giovanni wannan fasaha ta kai ga ƙarshe.

Tushen adabi

Ba a fayyace gaba ɗaya daga ina labarin ɗan ciwon zuciya ya fito daga cikin tatsuniyar Turai ba. Domin da yawa ƙarni da image na Don Juan yawo daga wannan aiki zuwa wani. Irin wannan shaharar ta nuna cewa labarin mai ruɗi ya tabo abubuwan da ’yan Adam suka fuskanta waɗanda ba su dogara ga zamanin ba.

Don wasan opera, Da Ponte ya sake yin wani sigar Don Giovanni da aka buga a baya (marubuci da aka danganta ga Bertati). An cire wasu harufan, wanda ya sa sauran su zama masu bayyanawa. Matsayin Donna Anna, wanda Bertati ya bayyana kawai a farkon, an fadada shi. Masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa Mozart ne ya sanya wannan rawar daya daga cikin manyan.

Hoton Don Juan

Makircin da Mozart ya rubuta waƙa a kansa abu ne na gargajiya; al’ummar wancan lokacin sun san ta. A nan Don Juan dan iska ne, mai laifi ba kawai na yaudarar mata marasa laifi ba, har ma da kisan kai, da yaudara da yawa, ta hanyar da ya jawo mata a cikin hanyoyin sadarwarsa.

A gefe guda kuma, a duk tsawon aikin, babban jigon bai taɓa mallakar kowane ɗayan waɗanda abin ya shafa ba. Daga cikin jaruman akwai wata mace da ya yaudare shi (a baya). Ta bi Don Giovanni ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, tana ceton Zerlina, sannan ta kira tsohon masoyinta ga tuba.

Ƙishin rayuwa a Don Juan yana da girma, ruhunsa ba ya jin kunya da wani abu, yana share duk abin da ke cikin hanyarsa. An bayyana halayen halayen ta hanya mai ban sha'awa - a cikin hulɗa tare da wasu haruffa a cikin opera. Yana iya ma ga mai kallo cewa hakan na faruwa ne bisa kuskure, amma wannan ita ce manufar marubutan.

Fassarar addini na makirci

Babban ra'ayi shine game da sakamakon zunubi. Katolika musamman yana la'antar zunubai na jiki; jiki ana la'akari da tushen mugunta.

Bai kamata a raina tasirin da addini ke da shi a cikin al'umma shekaru ɗari da suka wuce ba. Me za mu iya cewa game da zamanin da Mozart ya rayu? Kalubale na budewa ga dabi'un gargajiya, sauƙin da Don Juan ke motsawa daga wannan sha'awa zuwa wani, rashin tausayi da girman kai - duk wannan an dauke shi zunubi.

Sai dai a shekarun baya-bayan nan aka fara dora wa matasa irin wannan dabi’a a matsayin abin koyi, ko da irin jarumtaka. Amma a cikin addinin Kirista, irin wannan abu ba wai kawai an hukunta shi ba ne, amma ya cancanci azaba ta har abada. Ba wai halin “mummuna” ba ne da kansa, amma rashin son barin shi. Wannan shine ainihin abin da Don Juan ya nuna a cikin aiki na ƙarshe.

Hotunan mata

Donna Anna misali ne na mace mai ƙarfi da aka kori don ɗaukar fansa don mutuwar mahaifinta. Yaƙi don girmama ta, ta zama jarumi na gaske. Amma sai ta ga kamar ta manta cewa mugu ya yi ƙoƙari ya ɗauke ta da ƙarfi. Donna Anna ta tuna kawai mutuwar iyayenta. A taƙaice dai, a lokacin ba a ɗauki irin wannan kisan kai ya cancanci a yi masa shari’a ba, domin wasu manyan mutane biyu sun yi faɗa a fili.

Wasu marubuta suna da sigar da Don Juan ya mallaki Donna Anna, amma yawancin masu bincike ba su goyi bayan hakan ba.

Zerlina amaryar ƙauye ce, mai sauƙi amma mai sha'awar yanayi. Wannan shine hali mafi kusa da babban hali a hali. Magance masu dadi ta dauke ta, ta kusa ba da kanta ga mai lalata. Sannan itama cikin sauki ta manta da komai, ta sake samun kanta kusa da angonta, cikin tawali'u tana jiran hukunci daga hannunsa.

Elvira shine sha'awar Don Juan da aka watsar, wanda yake magana da shi kafin ganawarsa da Bako na Dutse. Yunkurin da Elvira ta yi na ceton masoyinta ya kasance mara amfani. Sassan wannan halin suna cike da ƙaƙƙarfan motsin rai waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙwarewa na musamman.

A karshe

Bayyanar Kwamandan, wanda da alama yana fitar da layinsa yayin da yake tsaye babu motsi a tsakiyar matakin, yana da matukar ban tsoro ga mahalarta aikin. Bawan yana cikin damuwa har ya yi ƙoƙari ya ɓoye ƙarƙashin teburin. Amma mai shi da ƙarfin hali ya yarda da ƙalubalen. Ko da yake ba da daɗewa ba ya gane cewa yana fuskantar wani ƙarfi da ba za a iya jurewa ba, bai ja da baya ba.

Yana da ban sha'awa yadda darektoci daban-daban ke fuskantar gabatar da opera gabaɗaya da kuma wasan ƙarshe musamman. Wasu suna amfani da tasirin mataki zuwa matsakaicin, suna haɓaka tasirin kiɗan. Amma wasu masu gudanarwa suna barin haruffa ba tare da kayan ado na musamman ba, suna amfani da ƙananan kayan ado, suna ba da wuri na farko ga masu fasaha da mawaƙa.

Bayan babban hali ya fada cikin duniya, masu bin sa sun bayyana kuma sun gane cewa an yi sakamako.

Gabaɗaya halaye na opera

Marubucin ya dauki bangare mai ban mamaki a cikin wannan aikin zuwa wani sabon mataki. Mozart yayi nisa daga halin kirki ko buffoonery. Duk da cewa babban hali ya aikata abubuwan da ba su da kyau, ba zai yiwu ba ne kawai don kasancewa da sha'awar shi.

Ƙungiyoyin suna da ƙarfi musamman kuma ana iya jin su sau da yawa. Ko da yake wasan opera na sa’o’i uku yana buƙatar ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce daga mai sauraron zamani da bai shirya ba, an haɗa wannan, a maimakon haka, ba tare da nau’ikan nau’ikan wasan kwaikwayo ba, amma tare da tsananin sha’awar da ake “cajin.”

Kalli wasan opera na Mozart - Don Giovanni