Banjo - kayan kida na kida

Banjo - kayan kida a yanzu ya zama na zamani sosai kuma ana buƙata, a da yana da wahalar saye sai Amurka, amma yanzu yana cikin kowane kantin sayar da kiɗa. Wataƙila, batun yana cikin nau'i mai daɗi, sauƙin wasa da sauti mai daɗi mai daɗi. Yawancin masoyan kiɗa suna ganin gumakansu a cikin fina-finai suna wasa banjo kuma suna so su kama wannan abin ban mamaki.

A gaskiya ma, banjo wani nau'in ne guitar wanda ke da allon sautin da ba a saba gani ba - resonator ne wanda aka shimfiɗa a jiki, kamar kan ganga. Mafi sau da yawa kayan aiki yana hade da kiɗa na Irish, tare da blues, tare da kayan tarihi na al'ada, da dai sauransu - kullun yana ci gaba da fadadawa, godiya ga girma a cikin yaduwar banjo.

Kayan aikin Amurka na gargajiya

An yi imanin cewa babu wani muhimmin kayan aikin kiɗan gargajiya na Afirka a ƙarni na 19; saboda saukin sa, ya bayyana har ma a cikin iyalai mafiya talauci kuma yawancin bakaken fata Amurkawa sun yi kokarin ƙware shi.

Irin wannan tandem yana da ban sha'awa:

violin da banjo, wasu masana sun yi imanin cewa wannan haɗin yana da kyau ga kiɗan Amurka "farkon". Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, amma mafi yawan lokuta zaka iya samun banjo mai kirtani 6, saboda yana da sauƙin yin wasa bayan guitar, amma akwai nau'ikan da aka rage ko akasin haka ƙara yawan kirtani.

Banjo tarihi

Masu tafiya a yammacin Afirka ne suka kawo wannan Banjo zuwa Amurka a shekara ta 1600. Ana iya ɗaukar mandolin dangin banjo, kodayake masu bincike za su ba ku kusan kayan aiki 60 daban-daban masu kama da banjo kuma wataƙila su ne magabata.

An fara ambaton banjo ne daga likitan Ingila Hans Sloan a 1687. Ya ga kayan aiki a Jamaica daga bayi na Afirka. An yi kayan aikinsu daga busasshiyar gourwan da aka lulluɓe da fata.

A farkon karni na 19 a Amurka, Banjo ya taka rawar gani sosai tare da violin a cikin kiɗan Amurkawa na Afirka, sannan ya ja hankalin ƙwararrun mawakan farar fata, ciki har da Joel Walker Sweeney, wanda ya shahara da banjo kuma ya kawo ta cikin kiɗan. mataki a cikin 1830s. Banjo kuma yana da sauye-sauye na waje zuwa D. Sweeney: ya maye gurbin jikin kabewa tare da jikin ganga, ya ƙayyade wuyan wuyansa tare da ƙugiya kuma ya bar igiyoyi biyar: tsayi hudu kuma gajere.

Kololuwar farin jini na banjo ya faɗi a rabi na biyu zuwa ƙarshen karni na 19, lokacin da za a iya samun banjo a wuraren shagali da kuma tsakanin masoya kiɗa. A lokaci guda kuma, an buga littafin koyar da kai na farko game da wasan banjo, an gudanar da gasar wasan kwaikwayo, an buɗe taron bita na farko don kera kayan aiki, an maye gurbin igiyoyin hanji da ƙarfe, masana'antun sun gwada siffofi da girma.

Ƙwararrun mawaƙa sun fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a kan mataki ayyukan gargajiya irin su Beethoven da Rossini, wanda aka shirya a kan banjo. Har ila yau, banjo ya tabbatar da kansa a cikin irin wannan salon kiɗa kamar ragtime, jazz da blues. Kuma ko da yake a cikin 1930s an maye gurbin banjo da gitar lantarki tare da sauti mai haske, a cikin 40s banjo ya sake daukar fansa kuma ya koma wurin.

A halin yanzu, banjo ya shahara da mawaƙa a duk faɗin duniya, ana yin sauti a cikin nau'ikan kiɗan daban-daban. Muryar fara'a da ban dariya na kayan aikin tana yin waƙa ga inganci da haɓakawa.

Abubuwan ƙira

Zane na banjo ne mai zagaye acoustic jiki da wani irin fretboard. Jikin yana kama da drum, wanda aka shimfiɗa membrane tare da zoben karfe da sukurori. Ana iya yin membrane daga filastik ko fata. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da robobi ba tare da sputtering ko bayyananne ba (mafi sirara da haske). Madaidaicin diamita na banjo na zamani shine inci 11.

Semi-jiki na resonator mai cirewa yana da diamita mafi girma fiye da membrane. Harsashi na jiki yawanci ana yin su ne da itace ko ƙarfe, kuma ana maƙala da wutsiya da shi.

Ana haɗe hyphae a jiki tare da taimakon sandar anga, wanda aka ja igiyoyin tare da taimakon turaku. Tsayin katako yana samuwa a kan membrane, wanda aka danna shi ta hanyar igiyoyi masu shimfiɗa. 

Kamar guitar, an raba wuyan banjo ta frets zuwa frets da aka shirya a cikin jerin chromatic. Shahararriyar Banjo tana da igiyoyi biyar, kuma zaren na biyar an gajarce shi kuma yana da fegi na musamman wanda ke tsaye a kan fretboard, a lokacin tashin hankali na biyar. Ana kunna wannan kirtani tare da babban yatsan yatsa kuma yawanci ana amfani da shi azaman kirtani bass, koyaushe yana sauti tare da karin waƙa.

Jikin Banjo an yi su ne daga mahogany ko maple. Mahogany yana ba da sauti mai laushi tare da rinjaye na mitoci na tsakiya, yayin da maple zai ba da sauti mai haske.

Sautin banjo yana tasiri sosai ta zoben da ke riƙe da membrane. Akwai manyan pips na zobe guda biyu: flattop, lokacin da aka shimfiɗa kan kai tare da baki, da archtop, lokacin da aka ɗaga kai sama da matakin bakin. Nau'in na biyu yana ƙara haske sosai, wanda ke bayyana musamman a cikin wasan kwaikwayon kiɗan Irish.

Blues da banjo na kasar

Babu buƙatar rubuta wani nau'in na al'ada na Amurka - ƙasa - waɗannan waƙoƙi ne masu tayar da hankali tare da sautin halayen. Wani gita ya shiga cikin duet kuma ya zama cikakken nau'i uku. Yana da mahimmanci cewa mawaƙa za su iya musayar kayan kida, saboda dabarun wasa suna da kama da juna, kawai sautin, wanda ke da launuka daban-daban na resonant da timbre, ya bambanta da asali. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa wasu mutane suna tunanin cewa banjo yana jin dadi kuma wannan shine babban bambancinsa, wasu, akasin haka, cewa an kwatanta shi da sautin "blues" mai bakin ciki, yana da wuya a yi jayayya da wannan, tun da ra'ayoyin sun rabu kuma sun rabu. ba a koyaushe ana samun sulhu.

Banjo kirtani

Ana yin igiyoyi da ƙarfe kuma sau da yawa na filastik (PVC, nailan), ana amfani da iska na musamman (karfe da ƙarfe ba na ƙarfe ba: jan karfe, tagulla, da sauransu), waɗanda ke ba da sautin sauti mai daɗi da kaifi. Halin sauti na banjo ana la'akari da shi a matsayin sauti na "can gwangwani", tun da farko abubuwan da suka faru sun kasance irin wannan igiyoyin suna jingina da wani abu kuma suna ratsi. Ya bayyana cewa wannan abu ne mai kyau, kuma mawaƙa da yawa suna ƙoƙari su sake ƙirƙirar wannan "gitar ganga" na asali a cikin wasan su. A cikin masana'antar kera motoci, akwai kullin banjo, wanda, a cewar wasu rahotanni, yana da alaƙa da kiɗa, amma a zahiri, ya yi kama da hularsa (an haɗa shi da “tsam” da mai wanki kuma yana da rami don gyarawa a kan mashin. part free from the thread) zane na drum-deck na kayan aiki, watakila shi ya sa ya sami sunansa.

Tsarin kayan aiki

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, jiki ba classic guitar bene, amma wani nau'i na drum, wani membrane aka gyarawa a gaban gefen (ya maye gurbin resonator rami), an miƙa shi da wani karfe zobe. Wannan yayi kama da kirtani na gangan tarko. Kuma a gaskiya ma, wannan haka yake: bayan haka, sautin ba na waje ba ne, kamar na guitar ko balalaika, domra, amma na ciki, drumming, membrane rattles - shi ya sa muke samun irin wannan sauti na musamman. Ana ɗaure zobe tare da ɗaure - waɗannan sukurori ne na musamman. Yana da wuya a yanzu an yi banjo da fata, ko da yake an yi amfani da wannan kayan a asali, yanzu suna amfani da filastik, wanda yake da amfani kuma a sauƙaƙe idan ya cancanta, yana da arha.

Ana sanya madaidaicin kirtani kai tsaye a kan membrane, yana ƙayyade tsayin da igiyoyin za su kasance. Ƙarƙashin su, mafi sauƙi yana da sauƙi ga mai yin wasa. Wuyan itace katako, mai ƙarfi ko a cikin sassa, a haɗe, kamar wuyan guitar, tare da sandar truss, wanda zaka iya daidaita ma'auni. Ana ɗaure igiyoyin da turaku ta amfani da kayan tsutsa.

Nau'in banjo

Banjo na asali na Amurka ba shi da 6, amma kirtani 5 (ana kiranta blue ciyawa, an fassara shi azaman ciyawa mai shuɗi), kuma bass kirtani yana sauraron G kuma koyaushe yana buɗewa (an gajarta kuma baya ɗaure), kuna buƙatar samun amfani da wannan tsarin, ko da yake shi ne quite kawai bayan guitar, tun da dabara na clamping chords ne kama. Akwai samfura ba tare da gajeriyar kirtani ta biyar ba, waɗannan su ne banjos masu kirtani huɗu na gargajiya: do, sol, re, la, amma Irish suna amfani da nasu tsarin na musamman, inda gishiri ke motsawa, don haka yana da wuya a fahimci cewa suna wasa. , tun da an danne ƙwanƙwasa da ƙarfi kuma ba kamar yadda Amurkawa suka saba ba. Banjo mai kirtani shida shine mafi sauƙi, ana kiranta da guitar banjo, yana da tuning iri ɗaya, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa masu guitar ke son shi musamman. Wani kayan banjolele mai ban sha'awa wanda ya haɗa ukulele da banjo.

Kuma idan akwai kirtani 8, kuma 4 sun ninka, to wannan banjo-mandolin ne.

Har ila yau, akwai wani abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa, banjo trampoline, wanda ba shi da dangantaka da kiɗa, amma yana da farin jini sosai, ba a ba da shawarar ga yara a ƙarƙashin 12 ba saboda yana da ɗan haɗari. A wasu ƙasashe, an hana ta saboda hatsarori, amma waɗannan bayanai ne kawai. Babban abu shine inshora mai kyau da ingantaccen amfani da kayan kariya.

Gwaje-gwajen da masana'antun suka yi game da siffar da girman banjo ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a yau akwai nau'o'in banjo, wanda ya bambanta, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, a cikin adadin kirtani. Amma mafi shaharar su ne banjos masu kirtani huɗu, biyar da shida.

• Banjo mai kirtani huɗu classic ne. Ana iya jin shi a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa, wasan solo ko rakiya. Wuyan irin wannan banjo ya fi guntu fiye da na banjo mai kirtani biyar kuma ana amfani da shi sau da yawa don dixlend. Gina kayan aiki - yi, gishiri, re, la. Irish, ba kamar Amurkawa ba, suna amfani da nasu tuning na musamman, wanda ke da alaƙa ta motsa G zuwa sama, wanda ke ba da ƙarin ɓarna ga matsi. Don aikin kiɗan Irish, tsarin banjo yana canzawa zuwa G, D, A, E.

• Banjos mai kirtani biyar An fi jin su a cikin ƙasa ko kiɗan bluegrass. Irin wannan banjo yana da tsayin wuyansa da igiyoyi masu sauƙi waɗanda suka fi guntu fiye da igiyoyi tare da maɓallin kunnawa. Takaitaccen kirtani na biyar ba a manne ba, ya rage a bude. Tsarin wannan banjo: (sol) re, gishiri, si, re.

• Banjo mai kirtani shida ana kuma kiransa banjo - guitar, kuma ana kuma kunna shi: mi, la, re, gishiri, si, mi.

• A banjolele Banjo ne wanda ya hada ukulele da banjo, yana da igiyoyi guda hudu kuma ana daidaita su kamar haka: C, G, D, G.

• Banjo mandolin yana da kirtani guda huɗu waɗanda aka daidaita kamar mandolin prima: G, D, A, E.

Wasa fasahar Banjo

Babu wata dabara ta musamman don kunna banjo, yana kama da guitar. Ana yin tsinkewa da buguwa na kirtani tare da taimakon plectrums da aka sawa akan yatsunsu da kama da kusoshi. Mawaƙin kuma yana amfani da matsakanci ko yatsu. Kusan kowane nau'in banjo ana buga shi tare da halayyar tremolo ko arpeggiated da hannun dama.

Banjo yau

Banjo ya yi fice don sautin sauti na musamman da haske, wanda ke ba ka damar ficewa daga sauran kayan kida. Mutane da yawa suna danganta banjo da kiɗan ƙasa da bluegrass. Amma wannan ra'ayi ne mai kunkuntar wannan kayan aiki, saboda ana iya samuwa a cikin nau'o'in kiɗa daban-daban: pop music, Celtic punk, jazz, blues, ragtime, hardcore.

Amma kuma ana iya jin banjo a matsayin kayan kida na solo. Musamman ga banjo, irin mawaƙa-masu yi kamar Buck Trent, Ralph Stanley, Steve Martin, Hank Williams, Todd Taylor, Putnam Smith da sauransu sun haɗa ayyukan. Manyan ayyukan litattafai: Bach, Tchaikovsky, Beethoven, Mozart, Grieg da sauransu kuma an rubuta su zuwa banjoji.

A yau shahararrun banja jazzmen sune K. Urban, R. Stewart da D. Satriani.

Ana amfani da banjo sosai a shirye-shiryen talabijin (Titin Sesame) da wasan kwaikwayo na kiɗa (Cabaret, Chicago).

Banjos ana yin su ta hanyar masana'antun guitar, misali. FENDER, CORT, WASHBURN, GIBSON, ARIA, STAGG.  

Lokacin siye da zabar banjo, yakamata ku ci gaba daga iyawar kida da kuɗi. Masu farawa zasu iya siyan kirtani huɗu ko mashahurin banjo mai kirtani biyar. Kwararren zai ba da shawarar banjo mai kirtani shida. Hakanan, fara daga salon kiɗan da kuke shirin yi.

Banjo alama ce ta kiɗa na al'adun Amurka, kamar balalaika namu, wanda, ta hanyar, ana kiransa "banjo na Rasha".

Banjo FAQ

Menene ma'anar kalmar Banjo?

Banjo (Eng. Banjo) - kidan kide kide kide irin su lute ko guitar.

Nawa frets a kowace bandjo?

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Yaya aka tsara Bangjo?

Zane na Bango wani nau'in sauti ne mai zagaye da wani nau'in ungulu. Al'amarin yayi kama da drum wanda aka shimfida shi da zoben karfe da majina.