Guitar – duk game da kayan kida

Gitar kayan kida ne mai zare-zage , ɗaya daga cikin mafi yaɗuwa a duniya . Ana amfani da shi azaman abin rakiyar ko solo a yawancin salon kiɗa da kwatance na kiɗa, kasancewar babban kayan aiki a cikin irin salon kiɗan kamar blues, ƙasa, flamenco, kiɗan rock, wani lokacin jazz, da sauransu. An ƙirƙira shi a ƙarni na 20, wutar lantarki. guitar yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi akan shahararrun al'adu.

Ana kiran mai yin kidan gita a garaya. Mutumin da ya kera kuma ya gyara gita ana kiransa da a guitar ruwa or haske ^[1].

Tarihin guitar

Origin

Shaidar farko da ta tsira na kidan kirtani tare da jiki da wuya, kakannin gitar zamani, ta koma karni na biyu BC.^[2] Hotunan kinnor (wani kayan kirtani na Sumerian-Babila, da aka ambata a cikin almara na Littafi Mai-Tsarki) an samo su akan yumbu bas-reliefs a lokacin binciken archaeological a Mesopotamiya. An kuma san irin wannan kayan kida a zamanin d Misira da Indiya: nabla, nefer, zither a Masar, veena da sitar a Indiya. A tsohuwar Girka da Roma kayan aikin cithara sun shahara.

Magabatan guitar ɗin suna da wani tsayin daka mai faɗin jiki mai raɗaɗi da wani dogon wuya da aka shimfiɗa masa kirtani. An yi gawar a cikin guda ɗaya - daga busasshiyar kabewa, harsashi na kunkuru, ko kuma an rataye shi daga itace guda ɗaya. A cikin karni na III - IV AD. e. a China, ruan (ko yuan) ^[3] da yueqin ^[4] kayan aiki sun bayyana , a cikin abin da aka tattara jikin katako daga katako na sama da na ƙasa da kuma bangarorin da ke haɗa su. A Turai , wannan ya haifar da gabatar da katar Latin da Moorish a kusa da karni na 6 . Daga baya, a cikin karni na XV – XVI , wani kayan aiki ya bayyanavihuela , kuma yana da tasiri wajen tsara ginin guitar zamani.

Asalin sunan

Kalmar "guitar" ta fito ne daga haɗakar kalmomi guda biyu: kalmar Sanskrit "sangita" wanda ke nufin "kiɗa" da Tsohon Farisa "tar" wanda ke nufin "string". A cewar wani sigar, kalmar “guitar” ta fito ne daga kalmar Sanskrit “kutur”, ma’ana “mai kirtani huɗu” (cf. setar – mai kirtani uku). Yayin da guitar ta yadu daga tsakiyar Asiya ta Girka zuwa Yammacin Turai, kalmar "guitar" ta sami canje-canje: "cithara (ϰιθάϱα)" a tsohuwar Girka, Latin "cithara", "guitarra" a Spain, "chitarra" a Italiya, "guitare" "a Faransa, "guitar" a Ingila, kuma a karshe, "guitar" a Rasha. Sunan "guitar" ya fara bayyana a cikin wallafe-wallafen Turai a karni na 13. ^[5]

Mutanen Espanya guitar

A cikin tsakiyar zamanai, babban cibiyar ci gaban guitar ita ce Spain, inda guitar ta fito daga tsohuwar Roma ( Gitar Latin ) kuma tare da Larabawa masu cin nasara ( Muryar guitar ). A cikin karni na 15 , guitar da aka ƙirƙira a Spain tare da kirtani 5 guda biyu (kirtani na farko zai iya zama ɗaya) ya zama tartsatsi. Ana kiran irin waɗannan guitars Gitar Mutanen Espanya . A ƙarshen karni na 18, Gitar Mutanen Espanya, a cikin tsarin juyin halitta, ya sami kirtani 6 guda ɗaya da kuma babban tarihin ayyukan, samuwar wanda ya sami tasiri sosai. Mawaƙin Italiyanci kuma mawallafin guitar Mauro Giuliani.

Gitar Rasha

Gitar ta zo Rasha a makare, lokacin da aka san shi a Turai tsawon ƙarni biyar. Amma duk kiɗan Yammacin Turai sun fara shiga cikin Rasha kawai a ƙarshen 17th da farkon ƙarni na 18. ^[6] . Guitar ta sami wuri mai kyau godiya ga mawaƙa da mawaƙa na Italiya waɗanda suka isa Rasha a ƙarshen karni na 17, da farko Giuseppe Sarti da Carlo Canobbio . Wani lokaci daga baya, a farkon karni na 19, guitar ta ƙarfafa matsayi a Rasha godiya ga Marcus Aurelius Zani de Ferranti , wanda ya isa St. Sor, ya bar matarsa ​​ballerina a Moscow, wanda ya zama mace ta farko ta Rasha mawaƙa, ya sadaukar da wani kiɗa don guitar da ake kira "Tunawa da Rasha" zuwa tafiya zuwa Rasha. Ana yin wannan yanki har yanzu ^[6] . Nikolai Petrovich Makarov ^[6] shi ne babban ɗan wasan kata na farko na Rasha da ya kunna kayan kirtani shida . A cikin Rasha, a ƙarshen 18th da farkon karni na 19th, nau'in kirtani bakwai na guitar guitar ta Spain ta zama sananne, musamman saboda ayyukan mawallafin mawaƙa da virtuoso guitarist Andrei Sikhra wanda ya rayu a lokacin, wanda ya rubuta. fiye da dubu suna aiki don wannan kayan aiki, wanda ake kira "gitar Rasha".

Gita na gargajiya

A cikin karni na 18th - 19th, zane na guitar na Mutanen Espanya yana fuskantar canje-canje masu mahimmanci, masters sunyi gwaji tare da girman jiki da siffar jiki, ƙulla wuyan wuyansa, ƙirar ƙirar peg, da sauransu. A ƙarshe, a cikin karni na 19, maginin Gita na Sipaniya Antonio Torres ya ba wa guitar siffa ta zamani da girmanta. Guitar da Torres ya ƙera ana kiransa a yau na gargajiya guitars . Shahararriyar mawaƙin na wancan lokacin shine mawaƙin Sipaniya da mawaƙa Francisco Tarrega , wanda ya kafa harsashin fasaha na gargajiya na buga guitar. A cikin karni na 20, mawallafin Mutanen Espanya, guitarist da malami Andres Segovia ya ci gaba da aikinsa.

Gitar lantarki

A cikin karni na 20, dangane da zuwan haɓakar lantarki da fasahar sarrafa sauti, wani sabon nau'in guitar ya bayyana - guitar guitar. A cikin 1936, Georges Beauchamp da Adolphe Rickenbecker, waɗanda suka kafa kamfanin Rickenbacker, sun ba da izinin guitar ta farko ta lantarki tare da ɗigon maganadisu da jikin ƙarfe (abin da ake kira “frying pan”). A farkon shekarun 1950, injiniyoyin Amurka da ɗan kasuwa Leo Fender, da injiniyanci kuma mawaƙa Les Paul ba tare da wata matsala ba, sun ƙirƙira guitar guitar tare da katako mai ƙarfi, ƙirar da ta kasance ba ta canzawa har zuwa yau. Wanda ya fi yin tasiri akan gitar lantarki shine (a cewar mujallar Rolling Stone) ɗan wasan kata na Ba'amurke Jimi Hendrix wanda ya rayu a tsakiyar karni na 20. ^[7] .

Guitar Ya Kunshi

Kamar kowane kayan kiɗa, guitar tana da sassa da yawa. Yana kama da wani abu kamar hoton da ke ƙasa. Tsarin guitar ya haɗa da: allo mai sauti, goro, gefe, wuya, turaku, goro, goro, frets, rami mai resonator da mariƙi.

tsarin guitar gabaɗaya ana nunawa a hoton da ke ƙasa

Menene kowane kashi (bangare) ke da alhakinsa?

Sirdi yana aiki azaman dutse don kirtani: an gyara su a can tare da harsashi na musamman, yayin da ƙarshen kirtani ke shiga cikin guitar.

Gidan bene shine gaba da baya na guitar, Ina tsammanin komai ya bayyana a nan ta wata hanya. Harsashi shine sashin haɗin gaba da baya, yana haɗa jikinsa.

Wuyan ya ƙunshi sills. Kwayoyi - protrusions a kan fretboard. Nisa tsakanin goro shi ake kira fret. Lokacin da suka ce "bacin rai na farko" - yana nufin cewa suna nufin tazarar da ke tsakanin kwanon kai da na goro na farko.

   
                 fret goro - nisa tsakanin goro

Amma game da fretboard - za ku yi firgita a yanzu, amma akwai gita masu wuya biyu a lokaci ɗaya!

Tuning pegs su ne bangaren waje na tsarin da ke takura (saukar da) kirtani. Juya turakun kunnawa, muna kunna guitar, mu sa ya yi sauti daidai.

Ramin resonator shi ne rami na guitar, kusan inda hannun damanmu yake a lokacin kunna guitar. A haƙiƙa, mafi girman ƙarar guitar, ƙarar sautinsa (amma wannan yayi nisa da babban abin da ke tabbatar da ingancin sauti).

Ƙididdiga masu ƙima

• Yawan frets - daga 19 (classic) zuwa 27 (electro)
• Yawan igiyoyi - daga 4 zuwa 14
• Mensura - daga 0.5 m zuwa 0.8 m
• Girma 1.5 m × 0.5 m × 0.2 m
• Nauyi - daga> 1 (acoustic) zuwa ≈15 kg

Rarraba Gitar

Yawancin nau'ikan guitars waɗanda suke a halin yanzu ana iya rarraba su bisa ga ma'auni masu zuwa:

• Guitar Acoustic – Gitar mai sauti tare da taimakon jikin da aka yi a cikin nau'i na resonator mai sauti.
• Gitar lantarki – guitar da ke yin sauti ta hanyar haɓakawa da haɓakar siginar da aka ɗauka daga igiyoyin girgiza ta hanyar ɗaukar hoto.
• Semi-acoustic guitar (electro-acoustic guitar) - hade da acoustic da lantarki guitar, lokacin da ban da wani m acoustic jiki, pickups kuma ana bayar da a cikin zane.
• Gitar mai resonator (gitar mai resonant ko resonant) nau'in guitar ce mai sauti wanda a cikinsa ake amfani da na'urorin sauti na ƙarfe da aka gina a cikin jiki don ƙara ƙara.
• Gitar mai haɗawa (MIDI guitar) guitar ƙira ce don amfani da ita azaman na'urar shigar da sauti.

Ta hanyar ƙwanƙwasa ƙira

• Gita na gargajiya - guitar kirtani shida wanda Antonio Torres ya tsara (ƙarni na XIX).
• Gitar jama'a wani kirtani ne mai kirtani shida wanda aka dace don amfani da igiyoyin ƙarfe.
• A flattop guitar jama'a ne tare da saman lebur.
• Archtop guitar ne mai sauti ko Semi-acoustic tare da madaidaicin allo na gaba da f-dimbin resonator ramuka (efs) dake gefen gefuna na allon sauti. Gabaɗaya, jikin irin wannan guitar yayi kama da violin mai girma. Gibson ya haɓaka a cikin 1920s.
• Dreadnought – guitar jama'a tare da girman jiki na sifar "rectangular" mai siffar. Yana da ƙarar ƙara idan aka kwatanta da al'adar al'ada da kuma fifikon ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa a cikin timbre. Martin ya haɓaka a cikin 1920s.
• Jumbo babban sigar kiɗan jama'a ne, wanda Gibson ya haɓaka a cikin 1937 kuma ya shahara a tsakanin ƙasashe da masu kaɗa na dutse.
• Western – acoustic ko electro-acoustic guitar, siffar siffa ta irin wannan gitar ta zama abin yankewa a ƙarƙashin frets na ƙarshe domin ya sauƙaƙa don samun damar waɗannan frets na ƙarshe.

Ta iyaka

• Gita na yau da kullun - daga D (mi) na babban octave zuwa C (re) na octave na uku. Yin amfani da na'urar buga rubutu (Floyd Rose) yana ba ku damar fadada kewayo sosai a bangarorin biyu. Kewayon gitar kusan octaves 4 ne.
• Gitar Bass guitar ce mai ƙarancin sauti, yawanci octave ɗaya ƙasa da guitar ta yau da kullun. Fender ya haɓaka a cikin 1950s.
• Guitar tenor guitar ce mai kirtani huɗu tare da gajeriyar sikeli, kewayo da kunna banjo.
• Gita na baritone guitar ne mai tsayin ma'auni fiye da gita na yau da kullun, wanda ke ba da damar kunna shi zuwa ƙaramin sauti. Danelectro ne ya kirkireshi a shekarun 1950.

Ina rantsuwa da kasancewar ɓacin rai

• Gita na yau da kullun wani guitar ne wanda ke da frets da frets kuma an daidaita shi don wasa daidai gwargwado.
• Guitar mara gajiyawa ita ce gitar da ba ta da damuwa. Wannan yana ba da damar fitar da sautin sauti na sabani daga kewayon guitar, da kuma sauyi mai laushi a cikin farar sautin da aka fitar. Gitarar bass maras ƙarfi sun fi kowa yawa.
• Guitar Slide (Gitar Slide) - guitar da aka tsara don yin wasa tare da zamewa, a cikin irin wannan guitar filin yana canza sauƙi tare da taimakon na'ura na musamman - zane-zanen da aka yi tare da igiyoyi.

Ta ƙasar (wuri) na asali

• Guitar Sipaniya guitar ce mai kirtani shida wacce ta bayyana a Spain a ƙarni na 13 – 15.
• Gitar na Rasha guitar ce ta kirtani bakwai wacce ta bayyana a Rasha a ƙarni na 18-19.
• Ukulele wani gita ne na zamewa wanda ke aiki a matsayin “kwance”, wato, jikin guitar yana kwance a kan cinyar mawaƙin ko kuma a kan tasha ta musamman, yayin da mawaƙin ke zaune a kan kujera ko ya tsaya kusa da guitar kamar a. teburi.

Ta nau'in kiɗan

• Gita na gargajiya - guitar kirtani shida wanda Antonio Torres ya tsara (ƙarni na XIX).
• Gitar jama'a wani kirtani ne mai kirtani shida wanda aka dace don amfani da igiyoyin ƙarfe.
• Guitar Flamenco – Gita na gargajiya, wanda ya dace da buƙatun salon kiɗan flamenco, yana da ƙayyadaddun sauti.
• Jazz guitar (gitar orchestral) shine kafaffen sunan Gibson archtops da analogues ɗin su. Wadannan guitars suna da sauti mai kaifi, a bayyane a cikin tsarin ƙungiyar makaɗar jazz, wanda ya ƙaddara shahararsu a tsakanin mawakan jazz na 20s da 30s na karni na XX.

Ta hanyar rawa a cikin aikin da aka yi

• Guitar solo – gita da aka ƙera don yin sassan solo na waƙa, wanda ke da ƙayyadaddun sauti da ingantaccen sauti na bayanin kula.

A cikin kiɗan gargajiya, ana ɗaukar guitar solo a matsayin guitar ba tare da gungu ba, duk sassan ana ɗauka ta guitar guda ɗaya, nau'in wasan guitar mafi wahala.

• Gitar rhythm – gita da aka ƙera don kunna sassa na raye-raye, wanda ke da jujjuyawar ƙararrawa da ƙarin sautin sauti iri ɗaya, musamman a ƙananan mitoci.
• Bass Guitar – Guitar mai ƙarancin kewayon yawanci ana amfani dashi don kunna layin bass.

Ta adadin kirtani

• Gitar kirtani huɗu (gitar kirtani 4) guitar ce mai kirtani huɗu. Galibin gitaran kirtani huɗu sune gitar bass ko gitatar tenor.
• Guitar kirtani shida (gitar mai kirtani 6) - guitar mai kirtani guda shida. Mafi ma'auni kuma yaduwa iri-iri.
• Guitar kirtani bakwai (gitar kirtani 7) - guitar mai kirtani guda bakwai. Mafi dacewa a cikin kiɗan Rasha da Soviet daga ƙarni na 18-19 zuwa yanzu.
• Guitar kirtani goma sha biyu (gitar kirtani 12) - guitar tare da igiyoyi goma sha biyu, suna samar da nau'i-nau'i shida, an daidaita su, a matsayin mai mulkin, a cikin tsarin gargajiya a cikin octave ko a cikin haɗin gwiwa. ƙwararrun mawakan dutse, mawakan jama'a da bardi ne ke buga shi.
• Wasu - Akwai adadi mai yawa na ƙananan tsaka-tsaki da nau'ikan nau'ikan gita tare da ƙarin adadin kirtani. Akwai ƙarin kirtani mai sauƙi don faɗaɗa kewayon kayan aikin (misali kirtani biyar da kirtani bass bass guda shida), da kuma ninki biyu ko ma ninka wasu ko duk na kirtani don samun ingantaccen sautin sauti. Har ila yau, akwai guitars masu ƙarin (yawanci ɗaya) wuyan wuyansa don dacewa da aikin solo na wasu ayyuka.

Other

• Guitar Dobro wani guitar resonator ne wanda 'yan'uwan Dopera suka ƙirƙira a cikin 1928. A halin yanzu "Guitar Dobro" alamar kasuwanci ce ta Gibson.
• Ukulele ƙaramin sigar kirtani huɗu ce ta guitar da aka ƙirƙira a ƙarshen karni na 19 a tsibiran Hawai.
• Gita na bugawa (gitar famfo) – gitar da aka ƙera don kunna ta ta amfani da tace Hanyar cire sauti .
• Gitar Warr guitar tapping ce ta lantarki, tana da jiki mai kama da gitar lantarki ta al'ada, kuma tana ba da damar wasu hanyoyin samar da sauti. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka tare da igiyoyi 8, 12 ko 14. Ba shi da saitunan tsoho.
• Sandar Chapman guitar ta buga ce ta lantarki. Ba shi da jiki, yana ba da damar Wasa daga ƙarshen biyu. Yana da igiyoyi 10 ko 12. A ka'ida, yana yiwuwa a yi wasa har zuwa bayanin kula 10 a lokaci guda (yatsa 1 - bayanin kula 1).

Fasahar guitar

Lokacin kunna gita, mai gita yana tsunkule igiyoyin da ke kan fretboard tare da yatsun hannun hagu, kuma yana amfani da yatsun hannun dama don samar da sauti ta ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyi da yawa. Gitar tana gaban mawaƙin (a kwance ko a kusurwa, tare da ɗaga wuyansa zuwa digiri 45), jingina a gwiwa, ko kuma ya rataye a kan bel ɗin da aka rataya akan kafada. Wasu masu kida na hannun hagu suna juya wuyan guitar zuwa dama, suna jan igiyoyin daidai kuma su canza ayyukan hannaye - manne igiyoyin da hannun dama, cire sautin tare da hagu. Bugu da ari , ana ba da sunayen hannaye don mawaƙin hannun dama.

Samar da sauti

Babban hanyar samar da sauti a kan guitar shine tsunkule - mai guitarist yana ɗaure kirtani tare da titin yatsansa ko ƙusa , yana jan kadan kuma ya sakewa . Lokacin wasa da yatsu ana amfani da nau'ikan tarawa iri biyu: apoyando da tirando .

goyon baya (daga Mutanen Espanya  goyon baya , jingina ) yana tsinke bayan haka yatsa yana kan igiyar da ke kusa. Tare da taimakon apoyando , ana yin sassan sikelin , da kuma cantilena , wanda ke buƙatar sauti mai zurfi da cikakkun sauti . Yaushe shan ( Spanish tirando - ja) , in   Ba kamar apoyando ba , yatsa bayan tsinke ba ya tsayawa a kusa da kirtani mai kauri , amma yana share shi da yardar kaina , a cikin bayanin kula , idan ba a nuna alamar apoyando ta musamman (^) ba , to ana kunna aikin ta amfani da dabarar tirando .

Har ila yau, mawaƙin na iya buga duka ko da yawa igiyoyin da ke kusa da su lokaci ɗaya tare da yatsu uku ko huɗu tare da ɗan ƙoƙari. _Wannan hanyar samar da sauti ana kiranta rasgueado . Sunan "ches" shima na kowa ne.

Ana iya yin tsunkule da yajin aiki da yatsu na hannun dama ko tare da taimakon na'ura ta musamman da ake kira plectrum (ko plectrum). Plectrum ƙaramin faranti ne na kayan abu mai wuya - kashi, filastik ko ƙarfe. Mawaƙin yana riƙe da shi a cikin yatsun hannunsa na dama yana tsukewa ko buga igiyoyin da shi .

Ana amfani da mariƙi sosai a yawancin salon kiɗa na zamani. Don yin wannan, mawaƙin ko dai ya buga igiya ɗaya da ƙarfi da babban yatsa , ko kuma ya ɗaga ya saki zaren. Ana kiran waɗannan fasahohin mari ( hit ) da pop (ƙugiya ), bi da bi . Galibin mari ana amfani dashi lokacin kunna gitar bass. _

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan , an samar da wata dabarar wasan da ba a saba gani ba , sabuwar hanyar hakar sauti , lokacin da igiyar za ta fara sauti daga yatsa mai haske a tsakanin fitattun kan allon yatsa . Wannan hanyar samar da sauti ana kiranta tapping ( tatsin hannu biyu lokacin wasa da hannaye biyu ) ko TouchStyle . A bugawa kamar kunna piano ne, tare da kowane hannu yana wasa nasa bangaren mai zaman kansa.

Hannun hagu

Da hannun hagu , mawaƙin ya ɗauko wuyan daga ƙasa , yana jingina babban yatsa a gefen bayansa . Ana amfani da sauran yatsu don tsunkule igiyoyin da ke kan filin aiki na fretboard. An zayyana yatsu da ƙididdige su kamar haka: 1 – index , 2 – tsakiya , 3 – zobe , 4- ƙaramin yatsa . Matsayin hannun dangi akan frets ana kiransa "matsayi" kuma ana nuna shi ta lambar Roman. Misali , idan mai guitarist ya tsinke kirtani da ta 1st yatsa a kan 4th damuwa , sai suka ce hannu yana matsayi na 4 . Zaren da ba a miƙe ba ana kiran zaren buɗewa.

Ana manne igiyoyin da sandunan yatsu - don haka , da yatsa ɗaya , mai guitar yana danna kirtani ɗaya a wani tashin hankali . Idan an sanya yatsan maƙasudi a kan fretboard , to da yawa , ko ma duka , za a danna igiyoyi a kan wannan damuwa lokaci guda . Ana kiran wannan fasaha ta gama gari” barre “. Akwai babban barre (cikakken barre) , lokacin da yatsa ya danna dukkan zaren , da ƙaramin barre ( rabi-barre ), lokacin da aka danna ƙananan adadin kirtani (har zuwa 2). Sauran yatsun sun kasance masu 'yanci yayin saitin bare kuma ana iya amfani da su don manne igiyoyin a wasu hanyoyi. Har ila yau, akwai nau'i-nau'i wanda , ban da babban barre tare da yatsa na farko , wajibi ne a dauki karamin barre a kan wani nau'i daban-daban , wanda ake amfani da kowane yatsa na kyauta , dangane da "playability" na musamman. kwarya .

Dabarun guitar

Baya ga ainihin dabarar buga gita da aka bayyana a sama, akwai dabaru iri-iri da mawakan gita ke amfani da su a cikin salo daban-daban na kiɗan.

• Arpeggio (ƙarfi mai ƙarfi) - cirewar sautunan ƙira. Ana yin shi ta hanyar bi-da-bi-da-kulli daban-daban da zazzage kirtani da yatsu ɗaya ko fiye.
• Arpeggio – mai saurin gaske , a cikin motsi ɗaya , jeri-nauyen hakar sautunan da ke kan igiyoyi daban-daban.
• Lanƙwasa ( ƙarawa ) - ɗaga sautin ta hanyar jujjuyawar kirtani tare da goro. Dangane da gwaninta na guitarist da igiyoyin da aka yi amfani da su , wannan fasaha na iya ƙara bayanin da aka fitar da sau ɗaya da rabi zuwa sau biyu .
  • Sauƙaƙan lanƙwasa – an fara buga kirtani sannan a ja .
  • Prebend - za a fara jan kirtani sama kawai sai a buga .
  • Juya lanƙwasa – an cire kirtani a shiru sama, an buge shi kuma an saukar da shi zuwa asalin bayanin kula.
  • Legacy lankwasa – bugun kirtani , ƙarfafawa , sannan aka saukar da kirtani zuwa sautin asali .
  • Lanƙwasa bayanin kula na alheri - bugawa kirtani tare da ƙarawa lokaci guda .
  • Unison lankwasa - ana fitar da shi ta hanyar buga kirtani biyu, sannan ƙananan bayanin kula ya kai tsayin babba. Duk bayanin kula suna sauti lokaci guda .
  • Microbend wani ɗaga ne wanda ba a gyara tsayinsa ba, da kusan 1/4 na sautin.
• Yaƙi - ƙasa da babban yatsan hannu , sama tare da fihirisa , ƙasa tare da fihirisa , sama tare da fihirisar .
• Vibrato wani ɗan canji ne na lokaci-lokaci a cikin farar sautin da aka fitar. Ana yin shi tare da taimakon oscillations na hannun hagu tare da wuyansa , yayin da ƙarfin danna kirtani ya canza , da kuma ƙarfin tashin hankali kuma, daidai da haka, farar . Wata hanyar da za a iya yin vibrato ita ce ta hanyar yin aiki na lokaci-lokaci na dabarar " lanƙwasa " zuwa ƙaramin tsayi. A kan gitatan lantarki sanye take da “Whammy bar” ( tsarin tremolo ), ana yawan amfani da lefa don yin vibrato.
• Takwas ( rumba) - yatsa ƙasa , babban yatsa ƙasa , yatsa sama } sau 2 , fihirisa ƙasa da sama .
• Glissando shine canjin zamewa mai santsi tsakanin bayanin kula. A kan guitar , yana yiwuwa tsakanin bayanin kula da ke kan kirtani ɗaya , kuma ana yin shi ta hanyar motsa hannun daga wannan matsayi zuwa wani ba tare da sakin yatsa yana danna kirtani ba .
• Golpe ( Spanish:  golpe  – busa ) – dabarar kaɗa , buga allon sauti na guitar da farce , yayin wasa . Ana amfani da shi musamman a cikin kiɗan flamenco. _
• Legato – ci gaba da aikin bayanin kula. Ana kunna guitar da hannun hagu .
  • Tashi ( percussion ) legato - kirtani mai sauti yana manne da wani kaifi da ƙarfi na motsi na hannun hagu , yayin da sautin ba shi da lokacin tsayawa . Sunan Ingilishi na wannan fasaha kuma na kowa - guduma , guduma - shi .
  • Saukowa legato - An cire yatsa daga kirtani , an ɗaga shi kaɗan a lokaci guda . Akwai kuma sunan Ingilishi – pool , pool – off .
  • Trill shine saurin canji na bayanin kula guda biyu da aka yi ta hanyar haɗin guduma da dabarun tafkin.
• Ana kunna Pizzicato tare da zazzage motsi na hannun dama . Ana kama igiyar da hannun dama tsakanin yatsa da babban yatsa , sai a janye igiyar ta dan nisa a saki . Yawancin lokaci zaren yana ja baya kaɗan kaɗan , yana haifar da sauti mai laushi . Idan nisa ya yi girma , sai igiyar za ta buga ƙwanƙwasa kuma ta ƙara ƙara ga sautin.
• Juyewa da tafin hannun dama - wasa tare da murɗaɗɗen sauti , lokacin da aka ɗora tafin hannun dama wani sashi akan tsayawar ( gada ), wani ɓangare akan igiyoyi . Sunan Ingilishi na wannan fasaha, wanda masu kaɗa na zamani ke amfani da shi sosai, shine “ bebe na dabino ” ( Eng. bebe  - shiru).  
• Pulgar ( Mutanen Espanya:  babban yatsa  – babban yatsan hannu ) – wasa dabara da babban yatsan hannun dama . Babban hanyar samar da sauti a cikin kiɗan flamenco. Ana buga kirtani da farko ta gefen ɓangaren litattafan almara sannan kuma ta gefen thumbnail.
• Sweep ( Turanci  shafa - sharewa ) - zamewa zamewar tare da kirtani sama ko ƙasa lokacin kunna arpeggios , ko zamewa zaɓin tare da igiyoyin da ba su da tushe sama ko ƙasa , ƙirƙirar sautin zazzagewa kafin babban bayanin kula .
• Staccato - Short, bayanin kula. Ana yin ta ta hanyar sassauta matsi akan igiyoyin yatsun hannun hagu , ko kuma ta hanyar ɓata igiyoyin hannun dama , nan da nan bayan ɗaukar sauti ko maƙarƙashiya .
• Tambourine wata dabara ce ta kaɗe-kaɗe wacce ta ƙunshi taɗa igiyoyi a cikin wurin tsayawar, wanda ya dace da katar da jiki mara ƙarfi, sautin murya da ƙaramin sauti.
• Tremolo shine mai maimaitawa da sauri ba tare da canza bayanin kula ba.
• Harmonic shine ɓata babban jigon kirtani ta hanyar taɓa igiyar sauti daidai a wurin rarraba shi zuwa adadin adadin sassa. Akwai nau'ikan jituwa na halitta , ana kunna su akan buɗaɗɗen kirtani , da kuma na wucin gadi , waɗanda aka buga akan igiyar da aka ɗaure . Akwai kuma abin da ake kira matsakanci mai jituwa da ake samarwa lokacin da aka samar da sauti a lokaci guda ta hanyar ƙwanƙwasa da naman babban yatsan hannu ko ɗan yatsa mai riƙe da ƙwayar.

Bayanin guitar

A cikin guitar , yawancin sautunan da ke cikin kewayon da ake samu ana iya fitar da su ta hanyoyi da yawa. Misali, ana iya ɗaukar sautin mi na octave na farko akan kirtani buɗewa ta 1st, akan kirtani na 2 akan fret na 5, akan kirtani na 3 akan fret na 9, _ akan kirtani na 4 a kirtani na 14, akan 5th. kirtani a tashin hankali na 19 da kuma akan kirtani na 6 a wasan motsa jiki na 24 (akan guitar kirtani 6 tare da frets 24 da daidaitaccen daidaitawa). _ _ _ _ Wannan yana ba da damar yin aiki iri ɗaya ta hanyoyi da yawa , cire sautin da ake so akan igiyoyi daban-daban tare da danna igiyoyin da yatsunsu daban-daban . A wannan yanayin , wani timbre daban zai yi nasara ga kowane kirtani . Shirye-shiryen yatsun mawaƙin lokacin kunna guntu ana kiransa yatsa na wannan yanki. Har ila yau, na iya zama bak'i daban-daban da lambobi wasa ta hanyoyi da yawa kuma suna da yatsa daban-daban. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don yin rikodin yatsun guitar.

Alamar kiɗa

A cikin kida na zamani , lokacin da ake yin rikodi don guitar , ana amfani da tsarin al'ada don nuna yatsa na aikin . Don haka, kirtanin da aka ba da shawarar a kunna sautin ana nuna shi ta lambar kirtani a cikin da'irar , matsayin hannun hagu ( yanayin ) ana nuna shi da lambar Roman , yatsu . hannun hagu - lambobi daga 1 zuwa 4 (buɗaɗɗen kirtani - 0), yatsun hannun dama - a cikin haruffan Latin p , i , m da kuma a , da kuma alkiblar karba tare da gumaka  ( kasa , wato nesa da kai ) da  ( sama , wato zuwa ga kanka ).

Bugu da ƙari , lokacin karanta kiɗa , ya kamata ku tuna cewa guitar kayan aiki ne - ayyukan da ake yi don guitar ana yin rikodin octave fiye da yadda suke sauti . Ana yin wannan don guje wa ɗimbin ƙarin layukan da ke ƙasa.

Tablature

Wata hanyar da za a iya yin rikodin ayyuka don guitar ita ce rikodin tablature , ko tablature. Tablature na guitar baya nuna tsayi , amma matsayi da zaren kowane sautin yanki . Hakanan a cikin rubutun tablature , ana iya amfani da alamar yatsa kama da waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin rubutun kiɗan . Za a iya amfani da alamar tablature duka biyu da kanta kuma tare da alamar kida.

shafa

Akwai hotuna masu hoto na yatsa waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai wajen koyon kunna guitar, wanda kuma ake kira "yantsa". Irin wannan yatsa wani guntu ne da aka kwatanta da tsari na wuyan guitar tare da dige-dige da aka yiwa alama da wuraren saita yatsun hannun hagu. Za a iya sanya yatsu ta lambobi , da kuma matsayin guntu a kan fretboard.

Akwai nau'ikan samfuran software "masu ƙididdige ƙididdiga na guitar" - waɗannan shirye-shirye ne waɗanda zasu iya ƙididdigewa da kuma nuna zane-zanen duk yuwuwar yatsa don ƙididdigewa.

Na'urorin haɗi don guitar

Ana iya amfani da na'urorin haɗi iri-iri da kayan aiki tare da guitar yayin amfani da aiki, gami da masu zuwa:

• Plectrum ( matsakanci ) - karamin farantin (wanda aka yi da filastik, kashi, karfe) tare da kauri na 0. 1-1 (wani lokaci har zuwa 3) mm, ana amfani dashi don hakar sauti.
• Slider - Silinda maras nauyi na abu mai wuya kuma mai santsi, galibi ƙarfe ko gilashi (ƙwanƙolin kwalba), wanda aka sawa akan ɗayan yatsun hannun hagu; yana taka rawar "ƙofa mai zamewa", yana ba ku damar canza sautin sautin da aka ciro a hankali.
• Capo – na'urar da za ta dunƙule duka ko da yawa kirtani a lokaci ɗaya , don sauƙaƙa wasa a wasu maɓallai , da kuma ƙara sautin kayan aikin.
• Case – akwati mai laushi ko mai wuya ko akwati don adanawa da (ko ) ɗauke da guitar .
• Tsaya (tsayawa ) – na'ura don daidaita kayan aiki a ƙasa ko bango, don adana ɗan gajeren lokaci.
• Gita madauri madauri ne da aka yi da wani abu mai ɗorewa ( fata ko roba ) wanda ke ba wa mawaƙan damar yin abubuwan ƙirƙira cikin nutsuwa yayin da yake tsaye.
• Gita clef kayan aiki ne don daidaita wuyan guitar na gargajiya (wanda ke haɗe da jiki tare da dunƙule daidaitawa na musamman).
• Hex maƙarƙashiya – t . n . " truss ", don daidaita karkatar da wuyan wuya (kuma , daidai da haka , nisa tsakanin igiyoyi da frets ) akan yawancin gita na zamani ta hanyar sassauta - tayar da sandar truss . Maɓalli iri ɗaya , amma ƙarami , ana amfani dashi kai tsaye da daidaitawa mai kyau na rata tsakanin kirtani da wuyansa akan wasu samfuran gitar lantarki.
• Turntable - na'urar da ke sauƙaƙe jujjuyawar igiyoyi; bututun ƙarfe ne – tsawo na rike da injin peg .
• Ƙaƙwalwar da za a iya cirewa - tare da gita mai sauti, za a iya amfani da ƙwanƙwasa na musamman waɗanda ba na ƙirar guitar ba, amma an saka su cikin ramin resonator ko haɗe zuwa jikin kayan aiki daga waje.
• Tuner na'ura ce ta lantarki wacce ke sauƙaƙa kunna guitar ta hanyar gani na nuna daidaiton kowane kirtani.
• Igiyar kayan aiki – waya ta lantarki da aka kera ta musamman don watsa sigina daga ɗimbin gitar lantarki zuwa ƙarawa , hadawa , rikodi da sauran kayan aiki .
• Yaren mutanen Poland don kula da jiki , wuyansa ko allon sauti.
• Tukunin na'ura ta musamman ^[8] wanda ke ba ku damar matsawa da sauri daga wannan kunna zuwa wani (misali, daga ma'auni zuwa '' Dropped D '').

References

1. ↑ . Kamus na Kiɗa [Trans. tare da shi . B . P . Jurgenson , . rus . sashen]. _- M. : DirectMedia Publishing, 2008. CD - ROM
2. ↑ Charnasse, Helen. Six-string guitar  : From the beginnings to the present day . — M . : ” Music “, 1991 . — ISBN 5-7140-0288-1 _ _ _ _ _ _
3. ↑ 阮 ruɗan ; yuǎn cin gindi . musika . zhuan , yuan (tsohon kirtani da aka tara kayan aiki) "Babban ƙamus na Sinanci - Rashanci cikin juzu'i huɗu"
4. ↑ 月琴 yuqe cin gindi . musika . yueqin ( 4 - kayan kirtani mai zagaye ko 8 - jiki mai gefe ) "Babban Sinanci - ƙamus na Rashanci a cikin juzu'i hudu"
5. ↑ Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch . ed . A . M . Prokhorov . – 4th ed . _ _ — M . : Owls . encyclopedia , 1989 . ISBN 5-85270-001-0 _ _ _ _ _ _
6. ↑ ^{1 2 3} GUITAR A KASAR MU
7. ↑ Mujallar Rolling Stone: Jerin Manyan Guitarists 100 Mafi Girma na Duk Lokaci.
8. ↑ Shafin samfur akan gidan yanar gizon masana'anta
9. Sharnasset, Helen. Six-string guitar  : From the origins to the present day = Helene Charnasse , La guitare . — M . : ” Music “, 1991 . — ISBN 5-7140-0288-1 _ _ _ _ _ _Mark Philips, John Chappel. Guitar for Dummies( full version )= Guitar For Dummies . — M . : ” Dialectics “, 2006 . — S. _ 384 . — ISBN 0-7645-5106 – X _ _ _ _
10. John Chappel. Rock guitar for ” dummies “= Rock Guitar For Dummies . — M . : ” Dialectics “, 2006 . — S. _ 368 . — ISBN 0-7645-5356-9 _ _ _ _ _ _

Gitar FAQ

Nawa ne kudin guitar mai kyau?

Don $ 150-200 akwai samfura da yawa ko da tare da haɗin gwiwa, tare da ginanniyar gyara da tasiri. Kuma ko da don $ 80-100 za ku iya siyan guitar mai kyau na EUPHONY, alamar MARTINEZ, alal misali, ko ƙirar kasafin kuɗi da yawa ba su da tsada a farashi, amma mai kyau cikin inganci da sauti.

Wanne guitar ya fi kyau saya don masu farawa?

Masana sun ba da shawarar fara horo tare da guitar gargajiya. Ana shigar da igiyoyin nailan masu laushi akansa, mashaya yana da ƙarin nisa, kuma ana iya siffanta sauti mai laushi da zagaye. A kan irin waɗannan guitars, ana yin ayyukan gargajiya, da kuma kiɗa a cikin salon jazz da flamenco.

Mene ne bambanci tsakanin gargajiya da guitar guitar?

Ana amfani da igiyoyin nailan don guitar gargajiya. Suna da taushi don taɓawa kuma yana da sauƙi a maƙale su a wuyan guitar. A kan gitar mai sauti akwai ƙarin igiyoyin ƙarfe masu tsauri waɗanda ke sa sautin ya fi ƙarfi da cikakken ƙarfi. A lokuta da ba kasafai ba, ana iya shigar da igiyoyin ƙarfe na musamman akan gita na gargajiya.