Nazib Zhiganov |

Nazib Zhiganov

Waƙoƙi, a cikin raina na shuka tsiron ku…

Wannan layi na Musa Jalil na "Moabit Notebook" za a iya danganta shi da kida na abokinsa kuma abokin haɗin gwiwar N. Zhiganov. Mai aminci ga tushen fasaha na kiɗan jama'a na Tatar, ya samo asali da hanyoyi masu amfani don dangantakarta ta rayuwa tare da ƙa'idodin ƙirƙira na litattafan kiɗa na duniya. A kan wannan tushe ne aikinsa na basira da asali ya girma - 8 operas, 3 ballets, 17 symphonies, tarin piano guda, waƙoƙi, romances.

Zhiganov aka haife shi a cikin wani aiki-aji iyali. Bayan ya rasa iyayensa da wuri, ya yi shekaru da yawa a gidan marayu. Cike da kuzari da kuzari, Nazib ya yi fice sosai a cikin ɗaliban Ural Pioneer Commune tare da fitattun iyawar sa na kiɗa. Sha'awar yin nazari mai zurfi ya kai shi Kazan, inda a cikin 1928 aka shigar da shi Kwalejin Kiɗa na Kazan. A cikin kaka na 1931, Zhiganov zama dalibi a Moscow Regional Music College (yanzu Music School a Moscow Conservatory). Nasarar kirkire-kirkire ya ba da damar Nazib, bisa shawarar N. Myaskovsky, a cikin 1935 ya zama ɗalibi na shekaru uku a Makarantar Conservatory na Moscow a cikin ajin tsohon malaminsa, Farfesa G. Litinsky. Sakamakon manyan ayyukan da aka kirkira a cikin shekarun Conservatory ya zama abin hassada: a cikin 1938, a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na farko, wanda ya buɗe Tatar Jihar Philharmonic, an yi Symphony na farko, kuma a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1939, an samar da wasan opera. Kachkyn (The Fugitive, lib. A Fayzi) ya buɗe gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Opera da Ballet na Jihar Tatar. Mawaƙi mai ban sha'awa na ayyukan jaruntaka na mutane a cikin sunan Motherland - kuma wannan batu, ban da "Kachkyn", an sadaukar da shi ga operas "Irek" ("Freedom", 1940), "Ildar" (1942). , "Tyulyak" (1945), "Namus" ("Mai girma, 1950), - mawaki ya fi cika cika wannan jigo a gare shi a cikin manyan ayyukansa - a cikin opera na tarihi da almara "Altynchach" ("Golden-Haired", 1941, libre. M. Jalil) da kuma a cikin waƙar opera “Jalil” (1957, lib. A. Faizi). Dukansu suna aiki da zurfin tunani da zurfin tunani da sahihanci na kiɗa, tare da waƙar waƙa mai bayyanawa tana kiyaye tushen ƙasa, da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun al'amuran da suka ci gaba da haɗin kai tare da tasiri ta hanyar haɓakawa ta tausayawa.

Babbar gudummawar da Zhiganov ya bayar ga wasan kwaikwayo na Tatar yana da alaƙa da opera. Waƙar ban mamaki "Kyrlai" (wanda ya dogara da tatsuniyar "Shurale" na G. Tukay), "Nafisa" mai ban mamaki, da littattafan Symphonic da waƙoƙin Symphonic, waƙoƙi 17, haɗuwa tare, an gane su a matsayin surori masu haske na wasan kwaikwayo. tarihin: Hotunan hikayoyin hikimomi suna rayuwa a cikinsu, sannan a zana hotuna masu daukar hankali na dabi'ar 'yan kasa, sannan a yi karo da gwagwarmayar gwagwarmayar jarumtaka, sannan kide-kide ta shiga cikin duniyar jin wakoki, kuma abubuwan da suka shafi al'umma-kullum ko kyawawan dabi'u. maye gurbinsu da magana na ban mamaki climaxes.

The m credo, halayyar tunanin Zhiganov ta mawaki, shi ne tushen ga ayyukan na Kazan Conservatory, halitta da kuma gudanar da shi a cikin 1945. Fiye da shekaru 40 ya jagoranci aikin ilmantar da babban gwaninta a cikin ta. dalibai.

A kan misalin aikin Zhiganov, an bayyana sakamakon juyin juya hali na gaske a cikin tarihin al'adun kade-kade na pentatonic na baya-bayan nan na jamhuriyoyin kasa masu cin gashin kansu na yankin Volga, Siberiya da Urals. Mafi kyawun shafuka na al'adunsa na kirkire-kirkire, cike da kyakkyawan fata na rayuwa, halayen jama'a masu haske na harshen kiɗan, sun ɗauki wuri mai dacewa a cikin taskar kidan Tatar.

Ya. Girshiman

Abubuwan da aka tsara:

wasan kwaikwayo (kwanakin samarwa, duk a cikin Tatar Opera da Ballet Theater) - Kachkyn (Beglets, 1939), Irek (Cvoboda, 1940), Altynchach (Zolotovolosaya, 1941), Poet (1947), Ildar (1942, 2nd ed. - Road Pobedy , 1954), Tyulyak (1945, 2nd ed. - Tyulyak and Cousylu, 1967), Hamus (Chest, 1950), Jalil (1957); ballet – Fatih (1943), Zyugra (1946), Tatsuniyoyi biyu (Zyugra da Hzheri, 1970); cantata – Jamhuriya ta (1960); don makada - 4 symphonies (1937; 2nd - Sabantuy, 1968; 3rd - Lyric, 1971; 4th, 1973), symphonic poem Kyrlay (1946), Suite on Tatar folk themes (1949), Symphonic songs (1965) , Nafis Overture (1952) , Symphonic Novels (1964), dakin-kayan aiki, piano, ayyukan murya; soyayya, wakoki, da sauransu.