Mario Lanza (Mario Lanza) |

mario lance

"Wannan ita ce mafi kyawun muryar karni na XNUMX!" - Arturo Toscanini ya taɓa cewa lokacin da ya ji Lanz a cikin rawar Duke a cikin Verdi's Rigoletto a kan mataki na Metropolitan Opera. Lallai, mawaƙin ya mallaki abin ban mamaki mai ban mamaki na katako na karammiski.

An haifi Mario Lanza (sunan gaske Alfredo Arnold Cocozza) a ranar 31 ga Janairu, 1921 a Philadelphia ga dangin Italiya. Freddie ya fara sha'awar kiɗan opera da wuri. Na saurara cikin jin daɗi kuma na haddace faifan bidiyo da mashahuran Italiyanci suka yi daga tarin arziƙin mahaifina. Duk da haka, fiye da yaron ya fi son wasanni tare da takwarorinsa. Amma, a fili, wani abu yana cikin kwayoyin halittarsa. El de Palma, mai wani shago a Titin Vine a Philadelphia, ya tuna: “Na tuna wata rana da yamma. Idan ƙwaƙwalwara ta yi min daidai, a cikin shekara ta talatin da tara ne. Haqiqa guguwa ta barke a Philadelphia. Dusar ƙanƙara ta rufe birnin. Komai fari-fari ne. Na yi kewar mashaya Ba na fata ga baƙi… Sannan ƙofar ta buɗe; Ina duba kuma ban yarda da idanuna ba: abokina matashi Alfredo Cocozza da kansa. Duk a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, daga ƙarƙashinsa ba a iya ganin hular jirgin ruwa mai shuɗi da shuɗi. Freddie yana da dam a hannunsa. Ba tare da cewa uffan ba, ya shiga cikin gidan cin abinci, ya zauna a cikin mafi kyawun kusurwa kuma ya fara yin rikodin tare da Caruso da Ruffo ... Abin da na gani ya ba ni mamaki: Freddie yana kuka, yana sauraron kiɗa ... Ya zauna haka na dogon lokaci. Da tsakar dare, na kira Freddie a hankali cewa lokaci ya yi da zan rufe shagon. Freddie bai ji ni ba sai na kwanta. Komawa da safe, Freddie a wuri guda. Sai dai itace cewa ya saurari records dukan dare ... Daga baya na tambayi Freddie game da wannan dare. Ya yi murmushi cikin jin kunya ya ce, “Signor de Palma, na yi baƙin ciki ƙwarai. Kuma kuna jin daɗi sosai. ”…

Ba zan taba mantawa da wannan lamarin ba. Duk ya zama kamar baƙon abu a gare ni a lokacin. Bayan haka, Freddie Cocozza wanda yake yanzu, kamar yadda na tuna, ya bambanta: mai wasa, mai rikitarwa. Ya kasance koyaushe yana yin "feats". Mun kira shi Jesse James don haka. Ya fad'a cikin shagon kamar daftari. Idan ya bukaci wani abu, bai ce ba, amma ya rera bukatar ... Ko ta yaya ya zo ... Ya zama kamar a gare ni cewa Freddie ya damu sosai game da wani abu. Kamar kullum, ya rera roƙonsa. Na jefa masa gilashin ice cream. Freddie ya kama shi a kan gardama kuma cikin raha ya rera waƙa: “Idan kai ne Sarkin Dowa, to, zan zama Sarkin mawaƙa!”

Malamin farko na Freddie wani Giovanni Di Sabato ne. Ya haura tamanin. Ya dauki nauyin koyar da Freddie ilimin kida da solfeggio. Sannan akwai darasi tare da A. Williams da G. Garnell.

Kamar yadda a cikin rayuwar manyan mawaƙa da yawa, Freddie kuma ya sami hutun sa'a. Lanza ya ce:

“Da zarar na taimaka sadar da piano akan odar da ofishin sufuri ya samu. Dole ne a kawo kayan aikin zuwa Kwalejin Kiɗa na Philadelphia. Manyan mawakan Amurka sun taka rawa a wannan makarantar tun 1857. Kuma ba Amurka kadai ba. Kusan dukkan shugabannin Amurka, tun daga Abraham Lincoln, sun kasance a nan kuma sun gabatar da shahararrun jawabansu. Kuma duk lokacin da na wuce ta wannan katafaren gini, sai na cire hulata ba da son rai ba.

Bayan na kafa piano, na kusa tafiya tare da abokaina, kwatsam sai na ga darektan dandalin Philadelphia, Mista William C. Huff, wanda ya taɓa saurarena a wajen mai ba ni shawara Irene Williams. Ya garzaya ya same ni, amma da ya ga “aiki na na ɗan lokaci”, sai ya yi mamaki. Ina sanye da rigar riga, an daure wani jajayen gyale a wuyana, an yayyafa min gwangwani da taba - wannan cingam da ake yi a lokacin.

"Me kake yi anan saurayi abokina?"

– Ba ku gani ba? Ina motsa pianos

Huff ya girgiza kai cike da wulakanci.

"Baka ji kunya ba saurayi?" Da irin wannan murya! Dole ne mu koyi yin waƙa, kuma kada mu yi ƙoƙarin motsa pianos.

Na yi dariya

"Zan iya tambaya, akan wani kudi?" Babu attajirai a cikin iyalina…

A halin da ake ciki, shahararren madugu Sergei Koussevitzky ya gama atisaye tare da kungiyar kade-kade ta Boston Symphony a cikin Babban Hall, kuma, gumi da tawul a kan kafadunsa, ya shiga dakinsa na sutura. Mista Huff ya kama kafada ya tura ni cikin dakin da ke kusa da na Koussevitzky. “Yanzu raira waƙa! Ya daka tsawa. "Ku raira waƙa kamar yadda ba ku taɓa yin waƙa ba!" - "Kuma me za a rera?" "Ko menene, don Allah kuyi sauri!" Na tofa danko na rera waka...

Lokaci kaɗan ya wuce, kuma maestro Koussevitzky ya fashe a cikin ɗakinmu.

Ina wannan muryar? Wannan muryar mai ban mamaki? Ya fad'a tare da gaishe ni cikin nutsuwa. Ya gangara zuwa piano ya duba kewayo na. Kuma, suna sumbace ni a kunci biyu ta hanyar gabas, maestro, ba tare da jinkiri ba na daƙiƙa guda, ya gayyace ni in shiga cikin Bikin Kiɗa na Berkshire, wanda ake yi kowace shekara a Tanglewood, Massachusetts. Ya ba wa ƙwararrun mawakan matasa irin su Leonard Bernstein, Lukas Foss da Boris Goldovsky alhakin shirye-shiryena na wannan biki.

Ranar 7 ga Agusta, 1942, matashin mawaƙin ya fara halarta a bikin Tanglewood a cikin ƙaramin ɓangaren Fenton a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Nicolai's Comic opera The Merry Wives of Windsor. A wannan lokacin, ya riga ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin sunan Mario Lanza, yana ɗaukar sunan mahaifin mahaifiyarsa a matsayin wani suna.

Washegari, har ma jaridar New York Times ta rubuta da ƙwazo: “Wani matashi mawaƙi ɗan shekara ashirin, Mario Lanza, yana da hazaka da ba a saba gani ba, ko da yake muryarsa ba ta da girma da fasaha. Mawakinsa da ba ya misaltuwa da kyar irin na dukkan mawakan zamani ne.” Sauran jaridu kuma sun shaƙe da yabo: "Tun lokacin Caruso ba a sami irin wannan murya ba ...", "An gano wani sabon mu'ujiza na murya ...", "Lanza shine Caruso na biyu ...", "An haifi sabon tauraro a ciki. opera firmament!"

Lanza ya koma Philadelphia cike da sha'awa da bege. Duk da haka, abin mamaki ya jira shi: sammaci zuwa aikin soja a Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Amurka. Don haka Lanza ya gudanar da kide-kide na farko a lokacin hidimarsa, a cikin matukan jirgi. A karshen bai skimp a kan kima na gwaninta: "Caruso na Aeronautics", "Na biyu Caruso"!

Bayan da aka lalata shi a cikin 1945, Lanza ya ci gaba da karatunsa tare da shahararren malamin Italiyanci E. Rosati. Yanzu ya zama da gaske sha'awar rera waka kuma ya fara shirya sosai don aiki na opera singer.

Ranar 8 ga Yuli, 1947, Lanza ya fara rangadin biranen Amurka da Kanada tare da Bel Canto Trio. A kan Yuli 1947, XNUMX, Chicago Tribune ya rubuta: "Matasa Mario Lanza ya haifar da abin mamaki. Wani matashi mai faffadar kafada wanda kwanan nan ya cire rigar soja yana rera waka da hakki da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba, tun da an haife shi ya yi waka. Hazakarsa za ta kawata duk wani gidan wasan opera a duniya."

Kashegari, babban filin shakatawa ya cika da mutane 76 da ke marmarin ganin da idanunsu da kunnuwansu kasancewar wani babban teno mai ban mamaki. Ko mugun yanayi bai tsorata su ba. Washegari, cikin ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya, sama da masu saurare 125 ne suka taru a nan. Mawallafin kiɗa na Chicago Tribune Claudia Cassidy ta rubuta:

“Mario Lanza, matashin da aka gina shi sosai, mai duhun ido, yana da hazaka da kyawun muryar halitta, wacce yake amfani da ita kusan a hankali. Duk da haka, yana da irin wannan nuances cewa ba shi yiwuwa a koyi. Ya san sirrin ratsa zukatan masu saurare. Mafi wahala aria na Radames ana yin su a matakin farko. Masu sauraro sun yi ruri da murna. Lanza tayi murmushin jin dadi. Da alama shi kansa ya fi kowa mamaki da jin dad'i.

A wannan shekarar, da singer samu gayyata don yin a New Orleans Opera House. Matsayin halarta na farko shine ɓangaren Pinkerton a cikin "Chio-Chio-San" na G. Puccini. Wannan ya biyo bayan aikin La Traviata na G. Verdi da Andre Chenier na W. Giordano.

Sunan mawakin ya karu kuma ya yadu. A cewar concertmaster na singer Constantino Kallinikos, Lanza ya ba da mafi kyawun kide-kide a 1951:

“Idan kun ga kuma kuka ji abin da ya faru a biranen Amurka 22 a cikin Fabrairu, Maris da Afrilu 1951, to, za ku fahimci yadda mai zane zai iya rinjayar jama'a. Ina wurin! Na ga haka! Na ji shi! Abin ya ba ni mamaki! Sau da yawa ana jin haushina, wani lokacin ana wulakanta ni, amma, ba shakka, ba sunana Mario Lanza ba ne.

Lanza ya yi fice a cikin waɗancan watanni. Mujallar Time ta bayyana ra’ayin gaba ɗaya game da balaguron: “Ko Caruso ba a son shi sosai kuma bai ƙarfafa irin wannan bautar da Mario Lanza ya yi a lokacin yawon shakatawa ba.”

Lokacin da na tuna da wannan rangadin na Babban Caruso, na ga taron jama'a, a kowane birni an ƙarfafa jami'an 'yan sanda da ke gadin Mario Lanza, in ba haka ba da magoya bayansa sun murkushe shi; ziyarce-ziyarcen hukuma da bukukuwan maraba, tarurrukan manema labarai marasa ƙarewa waɗanda Lanza koyaushe ke kyama; hatsaniyar da ba ta da iyaka da ke kewaye da shi, leƙen asiri ta ramin maɓalli, kutsawar da ba a gayyata ba a cikin ɗakin mawaƙin nasa, buƙatar bata lokaci bayan kowace kide kide tana jiran taron jama'a su watse; komawa otel bayan tsakar dare; karya maɓalli da satar kayan hannu… Lanza ya wuce duk abin da nake tsammani!"

A wannan lokacin, Lanza ya riga ya sami tayin da ya canza kaddarar halitta. Maimakon sana'ar mawakin opera, shaharar dan wasan fim ta jira shi. Kamfanin fina-finai mafi girma a kasar, Metro-Goldwyn-Meyer, ya sanya hannu kan kwangila tare da Mario don fina-finai da yawa. Ko da yake ba komai ya kasance santsi ba da farko. A cikin fim ɗin halarta na farko, Lanz an taƙaita shi ta hanyar yin rashin shiri. Halin kabilanci da rashin bayyana wasansa ya tilasta wa masu yin fim su maye gurbin jarumin, tare da kiyaye muryar Lanza a bayan fage. Amma Mario bai yi kasala ba. Hoto na gaba, "The Darling of New Orleans" (1951), ya kawo masa nasara.

Shahararren mawakin nan M. Magomayev ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa game da Lanz cewa:

"Makircin sabon tef ɗin, wanda ya karɓi taken ƙarshe" New Orleans Darling ", yana da ma'anar gama gari tare da" Midnight Kiss ". A cikin fim na farko, Lanza ya taka rawa a matsayin mai ɗaukar kaya wanda ya zama "sarkin wasan opera." Kuma a cikin ta biyu, shi, mai kamun kifi, shi ma ya juya ya zama farkon wasan opera.

Amma a ƙarshe, ba game da makircin ba. Lanza ya bayyana kansa a matsayin ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na musamman. Tabbas, ana la'akari da abubuwan da suka faru a baya. Rubutun kuma ya burge Mario, wanda ya sami damar haɓaka layin rayuwar jarumi tare da cikakkun bayanai masu daɗi. Fim ɗin ya cika da bambance-bambancen motsin rai, inda akwai wurin taɓa waƙoƙi, takurawa wasan kwaikwayo, da ban dariya.

"The Favorite of New Orleans" ya gabatar da duniya tare da ban mamaki lambobin kiɗa: gutsuttsura daga operas, romances da kuma waƙoƙi da aka halitta a kan ayoyin Sammy Kahn da mawaki Nicholas Brodsky, wanda, kamar yadda muka rigaya ce, ya kasance m kusa da Lanz: su tattaunawa. ya faru akan zaren zuciya ɗaya. Haushi, kalamai masu taushi, furuci mai ban tsoro… Wannan ne ya haɗa su, kuma sama da duka, waɗannan halayen ne suka bayyana a cikin babbar waƙar fim ɗin “Ka kasance ƙaunatacce!”, wanda, na iya cewa, ya zama abin burgewa. kowane lokaci.

A nan gaba, fina-finai tare da sa hannun Mario suna biye da juna: Babban Caruso (1952), Domin Kai Nawa ne (1956), Serenade (1958), Bakwai Hills na Roma (1959). Babban abin da ya ja hankalin dubban masu kallo a cikin waɗannan fina-finai shine "waƙar sihiri" Lanz.

A cikin sababbin fina-finansa, mawaƙin yana ƙara yin waƙoƙin Italiyanci na asali. Sun kuma zama tushen shirye-shiryensa na kide-kide da faifai.

A hankali, mai zane yana tasowa sha'awar cikakken sadaukar da kansa ga mataki, fasahar murya. Lanza ya yi irin wannan ƙoƙari a farkon 1959. Mawaƙin ya bar Amurka kuma ya zauna a Roma. Kash, mafarkin Lanz bai kaddara ya zama gaskiya ba. Ya mutu a asibiti a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 1959, a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ba a bayyana cikakken bayani ba.