Yadda za a ƙayyade tonality na yanki: mun ƙayyade shi ta kunne da bayanin kula.

Don sanin yadda ake tantance sautin aikin, da farko kuna buƙatar fahimtar manufar “tonality”. Kun riga kun saba da wannan kalmar, don haka kawai zan tunatar da ku ba tare da zurfafa cikin ka'idar ba.

Tonality - gaba ɗaya, shine sautin sauti, a wannan yanayin - sautin sauti na kowane ma'auni - misali, babba ko ƙarami. Yanayin shine gina ma'auni bisa ga wani tsari kuma, Bugu da ƙari, yanayi shine takamaiman launi na sikelin (babban yanayin yana hade da sautunan haske, ƙananan yanayin yana hade da bayanin kula na bakin ciki, inuwa).

Tsawon kowane bayanin kula ya dogara da tonic (babban bayanin kula mai dorewa). Wato, tonic shine bayanin kula wanda aka haɗa damuwa. Yanayin, a cikin hulɗa tare da tonic, yana ba da tonality - wato, saitin sautunan da aka tsara a cikin wani tsari, wanda yake a wani tsayi mai tsayi.

Yadda za a ƙayyade tonality na yanki ta kunne?

Yana da muhimmanci a fahimci hakan ba a kowane lokaci na sautin ba Kuna iya faɗi daidai sautin abin da wani ɓangaren aikin ke sauti a ciki. Buƙatar zaɓi lokaci ɗaya da kuma tantance su. Menene waɗannan lokutan? Wannan na iya zama farkon farkon aiki ko ƙarshen aiki, da kuma ƙarshen sashe na aiki ko ma wata magana dabam. Me yasa? Domin farawa da ƙarewa suna da ƙarfi, suna tabbatar da sautin, kuma a tsakiya yawanci akwai motsi daga babban tonality.

Don haka, tun da ka zaɓi guntuwa da kanka. kula da abubuwa biyu:

1. Menene yanayin gaba ɗaya a cikin aikin, menene yanayi - babba ko ƙarami?
2. Wane sauti ne mafi kwanciyar hankali, wane sauti ya dace don kammala aikin?

Lokacin da kuka ƙayyade wannan, yakamata ku kasance da tsabta. Ya dogara da nau'in karkata ko babban maɓalli ne ko ƙaramin maɓalli, wato, wane yanayi ne maɓallin ke da shi. To, tonic, wato, tsayayyen sautin da kuka ji, ana iya zaɓar kawai akan kayan aikin. Don haka, kun san tonic kuma kun san sha'awar modal. Me kuma ake bukata? Ba komai, kawai haɗa su tare. Misali, idan kun ji ƙaramin yanayi da tonic na F, to maɓalli zai zama ƙaramin F.

Yadda za a ƙayyade tonality na yanki na kiɗa a cikin waƙar takarda?

Amma ta yaya za ku iya tantance sautin yanki idan kuna da waƙar takarda a hannunku? Wataƙila kun riga kun yi tsammani ya kamata ku kula da alamun da ke kan maɓalli. A mafi yawan lokuta, ta amfani da waɗannan alamomin da tonic, zaku iya tantance maɓalli daidai, saboda alamomin maɓalli suna ba ku gaskiya, suna ba da takamaiman maɓalli guda biyu kawai: babba ɗaya ɗaya da ƙaramin layi ɗaya. Daidai abin da tonality a cikin aikin da aka ba ya dogara da tonic. Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da alamun maɓalli anan.

Nemo tonic na iya zama da wahala. Sau da yawa wannan shi ne bayanin ƙarshe na kiɗan ko jimlar da aka kammala ta a hankali, kaɗan kaɗan kuma ita ce ta farko. Idan, alal misali, yanki yana farawa da bugun (ma'aunin da bai cika gaba da na farko ba), to sau da yawa tabbataccen bayanin kula ba shine farkon ba, amma wanda ke faɗowa akan ƙaƙƙarfan bugun farko na cikakken ma'auni na al'ada.

Ɗauki lokaci don duba sashin rakiya; daga gare ta za ku iya tunanin wane bayanin kula shine tonic. Sau da yawa raka yana wasa akan tonic triad, wanda, kamar yadda sunan ke nunawa, ya ƙunshi tonic, kuma, ta hanyar, yanayin kuma. Ƙarshen rakiya na ƙarshe kusan koyaushe yana ɗauke da shi.

Don taƙaita abubuwan da ke sama, ga wasu matakan da ya kamata ku ɗauka idan kuna son tantance maɓalli na yanki:

1. Ta kunne - gano yanayin gaba ɗaya na aikin (babba ko ƙarami).
2. Samun bayanan kula a hannunku, nemi alamun canji (a maɓalli ko na bazuwar a wuraren da maɓallin ke canzawa).
3. Ƙayyade tonic – bisa al’ada wannan ita ce sautin farko ko na ƙarshe na waƙar, idan bai dace ba – Ƙayyade barga, bayanin kula da kunne.

Ji shine babban kayan aikin ku don magance matsalar da wannan labarin ya sadaukar da shi. Ta hanyar bin waɗannan ƙa'idodi masu sauƙi, zaku iya tantance sautin kiɗan cikin sauri da daidai, kuma daga baya zaku koyi sanin ƙimar sautin a farkon gani. Sa'a!

Af, kyakkyawar alama a gare ku a matakin farko na iya zama takardar yaudara da aka sani ga duk mawaƙa - da'irar biyar na manyan maɓalli. Gwada amfani da shi - ya dace sosai.