Game da microchromatics masu jituwa

Launuka nawa ne a cikin bakan gizo?

Bakwai - 'yan uwanmu za su amsa da tabbaci.

Amma allon kwamfuta yana iya sake haifar da launuka 3 kawai, wanda kowa ya sani - RGB, wato, ja, kore da shuɗi. Wannan baya hana mu ganin dukkan bakan gizo a adadi na gaba (Fig. 1).

A cikin Turanci, alal misali, don launuka biyu - blue da cyan - akwai kalma ɗaya kawai blue. Kuma tsohuwar Helenawa ba su da kalmar shuɗi ko kaɗan. Jafananci ba su da sunan kore. Mutane da yawa suna "ganin" launuka uku ne kawai a cikin bakan gizo, wasu ma biyu.

Menene amsar wannan tambayar daidai?

Idan muka kalli siffa ta 1, za mu ga cewa launuka suna shiga cikin juna lafiya, kuma iyakokin da ke tsakanin su kawai batun yarjejeniya ne. Akwai launuka marasa iyaka a cikin bakan gizo, waɗanda mutane na al'adu daban-daban suka raba ta hanyar iyakoki zuwa wasu "karɓar gabaɗaya" da yawa.

Nawa bayanin kula ne a cikin octave?

Mutumin da ya san kida a waje zai amsa - bakwai. Mutanen da ke da ilimin kiɗa, ba shakka, za su ce - goma sha biyu.

Amma gaskiyar ita ce, adadin bayanin kula abu ne kawai na harshe. Ga mutanen da al'adun kiɗansu ya iyakance ga ma'aunin pentatonic, adadin bayanin kula zai zama biyar, a cikin al'adar Turai ta gargajiya akwai goma sha biyu, kuma, alal misali, a cikin kiɗan Indiya ashirin da biyu (a cikin makarantu daban-daban a hanyoyi daban-daban).

Sautin sauti ko, a kimiyance, mitar girgiza shine adadin da ke canzawa akai-akai. Tsakanin bayanin kula A, sauti a mitar 440 Hz, da bayanin kula si-flat a mitar 466 Hz akwai sautuna marasa iyaka, kowanne daga cikinsu za mu iya amfani da su a aikin kiɗa.

Kamar yadda mai zane mai kyau ba shi da ƙayyadaddun launuka 7 a cikin hotonsa, amma babban nau'in inuwa iri-iri, don haka mawaƙin zai iya aiki lafiya ba kawai tare da sauti daga ma'aunin yanayi na 12-note daidai ba (RTS-12), amma tare da kowane ɗayan. sautin zabinsa.

kudade

Me ya hana yawancin mawaƙa?

Na farko, ba shakka, saukaka kisa da sanarwa. Kusan duk kayan kida ana saurara a cikin RTS-12, kusan dukkan mawaƙa suna koyon karatun rubutu na gargajiya, kuma galibin masu sauraro ana amfani da su don kiɗan da ke kunshe da bayanan “talakawan”.

Ana iya adawa da waɗannan abubuwa masu zuwa: a gefe guda, haɓakar fasahar kwamfuta yana ba da damar yin aiki da sauti na kusan kowane tsayi har ma da kowane tsari. A daya bangaren kuma, kamar yadda muka gani a labarin kan dissonances, a tsawon lokaci, masu sauraro suna ƙara yin biyayya ga sabon abu, haɗin kai da kuma haɗakarwa suna shiga cikin kiɗa, wanda jama'a suka fahimta kuma suka yarda.

Amma akwai wahala ta biyu akan wannan tafarki, watakila ma mafi mahimmanci.

Gaskiyar ita ce, da zaran mun wuce bayanin kula guda 12, a zahiri za mu rasa duk abubuwan tunani.

Waɗanne kalmomi ne baƙaƙe kuma waɗanda ba haka ba?

Shin nauyi zai kasance?

A kan me za a gina jituwa?

Shin za a sami wani abu mai kama da maɓalli ko hanyoyi?

Microchromatic

Tabbas, aikin kiɗa ne kawai zai ba da cikakkun amsoshi ga tambayoyin da aka gabatar. Amma mun riga mun sami wasu na'urori don daidaitawa a ƙasa.

Na farko, ya zama dole a ko ta yaya sunan yankin da za mu je. Yawancin lokaci, duk tsarin kiɗan da ke amfani da fiye da bayanin kula 12 a kowace octave ana rarraba su azaman microchromatic. Wani lokaci tsarin da adadin bayanin kula ya kasance (ko ma ƙasa da) 12 kuma ana haɗa su a cikin yanki ɗaya, amma waɗannan bayanan sun bambanta da RTS-12 na yau da kullun. Alal misali, lokacin amfani da Pythagorean ko ma'auni na dabi'a, wanda zai iya cewa an yi canje-canjen microchromatic zuwa bayanin kula, yana nuna cewa waɗannan su ne bayanin kula kusan daidai da RTS-12, amma kadan daga gare su (Fig. 2).

A cikin hoto na 2 muna ganin waɗannan ƙananan canje-canje, alal misali, bayanin kula h Ma'aunin Pythagorean kusa da bayanin kula h daga RTS-12, kuma na halitta h, akasin haka, yana da ɗan ƙasa.

Amma Pythagorean da na halitta tunings gaba da bayyanar RTS-12. A gare su, an tsara nasu ayyukan, an samar da ka'idar, har ma a cikin bayanan da suka gabata mun tabo tsarin su wajen wucewa.

Muna so mu ci gaba.

Shin akwai wasu dalilai da ke tilasta mu mu ƙaura daga saba, dacewa, ma'ana RTS-12 zuwa ga wanda ba a sani ba kuma baƙon?

Ba za mu tsaya a kan irin waɗannan dalilai na ɓarna kamar sanin duk hanyoyi da hanyoyi a cikin tsarin mu na yau da kullun ba. Bari mu yarda da gaskiyar cewa a cikin kowace ƙirƙira dole ne a sami rabon sha'awar sha'awa, kuma bari mu shiga hanya.

kamfas

Wani muhimmin sashi na wasan kwaikwayo na kida shine abu kamar consonance. Shi ne sauye-sauyen ra'ayi da rashin fahimta wanda ke haifar da nauyi a cikin kiɗa, jin motsi, ci gaba.

Za mu iya ayyana consonance ga microchromatic jituwa?

Ka tuna da dabara daga labarin game da consonance:

Wannan dabarar tana ba ku damar ƙididdige haɗin kai na kowane tazara, ba lallai ba ne na gargajiya.

Idan muka ƙididdige ma'anar tazarar daga to ga duk sauti a cikin octave ɗaya, muna samun hoto mai zuwa (Fig. 3).

An tsara nisa na tazara a kwance a nan cikin cents (lokacin da cents ke da yawa na 100, muna shiga cikin rubutu na yau da kullun daga RTS-12), a tsaye - ma'aunin ma'auni: mafi girman ma'ana, mafi yawan ma'ana kamar haka. tazara sauti.

Irin wannan jadawali zai taimake mu mu kewaya tazarar microchromatic.

Idan ya cancanta, zaku iya samun dabara don haɗakar maɗaukaki, amma zai yi kama da rikitarwa. Don sauƙaƙa, muna iya tunawa cewa kowane maɗaukaki ya ƙunshi tazara, kuma ana iya ƙididdige ma'anar maɗaukaki daidai ta hanyar sanin haɗin kai na duk tazarar da ke haifar da shi.

Taswirar gida

Jituwa na kiɗa bai iyakance ga fahimtar baƙon ba.

Misali, zaku iya samun baƙar magana fiye da ƙaramin triad, duk da haka, yana taka rawa ta musamman saboda tsarinsa. Mun yi nazarin wannan tsarin a ɗaya daga cikin bayanan da suka gabata.

Ya dace a yi la'akari da fasalulluka masu jituwa na kiɗa a ciki sarari na yawa, ko PC a takaice.

Bari mu ɗan tuna yadda aka gina shi a cikin yanayin al'ada.

Muna da hanyoyi guda uku masu sauƙi don haɗa sautuna biyu: ninka ta 2, ninka ta 3 da ninka ta 5. Waɗannan hanyoyin suna haifar da gatari uku a cikin sarari na multiplicities (PC). Kowane mataki tare da kowane axis shine ninkawa ta madaidaicin yawa (Fig. 4).

A cikin wannan sarari, mafi kusancin bayanin kula da juna, ƙarin baƙar fata za su kasance.

Duk gine-gine masu jituwa: frets, maɓalli, maɓalli, ayyuka suna samun wakilcin geometric na gani a cikin PC.

Kuna iya ganin cewa muna ɗaukar lambobi masu mahimmanci a matsayin abubuwan da ke da yawa: 2, 3, 5. Babban lamba kalma ce ta lissafi ma'ana cewa lamba ba ta samuwa kawai ta 1 da kanta.

Wannan zaɓi na nau'ikan nau'ikan abu ne wanda ya dace. Idan muka ƙara axis tare da yawan "marasa sauƙi" zuwa PC, to, ba za mu sami sabon bayanin kula ba. Misali, kowane mataki tare da axis na multiplicity 6 shine, ta ma'anarsa, ninkawa ta 6, amma 6=2*3, saboda haka, zamu iya samun duk waɗannan bayanan ta hanyar ninka 2 da 3, wato, mun riga mun sami duka. su ba tare da wannan gatari ba. Amma, alal misali, samun 5 ta hanyar ninka 2 da 3 ba zai yi aiki ba, saboda haka, bayanin kula akan axis na multiplicity 5 zai zama sabon sabo.

Don haka, a cikin PC yana da ma'ana don ƙara gatari na sauƙaƙan multiplicities.

Lamba na gaba na gaba bayan 2, 3 da 5 shine 7. Wannan shine wanda yakamata a yi amfani dashi don ƙarin gine-gine masu jituwa.

Idan mitar bayanin kula to muna ninka ta 7 (muna ɗaukar mataki 1 tare da sabon axis), sa'an nan kuma octave (raba ta 2) canja wurin sautin da aka samu zuwa ainihin octave, muna samun sabon sautin gaba daya wanda ba a yi amfani da shi a cikin tsarin kiɗa na gargajiya.

Tazara mai kunshe da to kuma wannan bayanin zai yi sauti kamar haka:

Girman wannan tazara shine cents 969 (kashi ɗaya shine 1/100 na semitone). Wannan tazara ya ɗan ƙunƙutu fiye da ƙaramin ɗari na bakwai (cent 1000).

A cikin hoto na 3 zaku iya ganin ma'anar da ta dace da wannan tazara (a ƙasa an yi alama da ja).

Ma'aunin ma'aunin wannan tazara shine 10%. Don kwatanta, ƙarami na uku yana da ma'ana iri ɗaya, kuma ƙarami na bakwai (duka na halitta da Pythagorean) shine tazara ƙasa da baƙar magana fiye da wannan. Yana da kyau a ambata cewa muna nufin baƙon ƙididdiga. Maganar da aka tsinkayi na iya zama ɗan bambanta, a matsayin ɗan ƙaramin na bakwai don jin mu, tazarar ta fi kowa sani.

A ina wannan sabon bayanin kula zai kasance akan PC? Wane jituwa za mu iya ginawa da shi?

Idan muka fitar da octave axis (axis na multiplicity 2), to, PC na gargajiya zai juya ya zama lebur (Fig. 5).

Duk bayanan da ke cikin octave ga juna ana kiran su iri ɗaya, don haka irin wannan raguwa ya zama halal.

Me zai faru idan kun ƙara yawan 7?

Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, sabon haɓaka yana haifar da sabon axis a cikin PC (Fig. 6).

Wurin ya zama mai girma uku.

Wannan yana ba da dama mai yawa.

Alal misali, zaku iya gina ƙira a cikin jiragen sama daban-daban (Fig. 7).

A cikin wani yanki na kiɗa, za ku iya motsawa daga jirgin sama zuwa wancan, gina haɗin da ba zato ba tsammani da maki.

Amma ban da haka, yana yiwuwa a wuce ƙididdiga masu layi da gina abubuwa masu girma uku: tare da taimakon maɗaukaki ko tare da taimakon motsi a wurare daban-daban.

Yin wasa tare da adadi na 3D, a fili, zai zama tushe don microchromatics masu jituwa.

Ga kwatankwacin wannan haɗin.

A wannan lokacin, lokacin da kiɗa ya motsa daga tsarin Pythagorean "mai layi" zuwa "lebur" na halitta, wato, ya canza girman daga 1 zuwa 2, kiɗa ya kasance daya daga cikin juyin juya hali mafi mahimmanci. Tonalities, cikakken polyphony, ayyuka na maɗaukakiyar ƙididdigewa da wasu hanyoyin bayyanawa marasa adadi sun bayyana. A zahiri an sake haifar waƙar.

Yanzu muna fuskantar juyin juya hali na biyu - microchromatic - lokacin da girman ya canza daga 2 zuwa 3.

Kamar yadda mutanen Tsakiyar Zamani ba za su iya yin hasashen yadda “kyakkyawan kida” za su kasance ba, haka nan yana da wuya a gare mu yanzu mu yi tunanin yadda waƙar mai girma uku za ta kasance.

Mu rayu mu ji.

Mawallafi - Roman Oleinikov