Otto Klemperer |

Otto Klemperer

Otto Klemperer, daya daga cikin manyan masanan gudanar da fasaha, sananne ne a kasarmu. Ya fara yin wasan kwaikwayo a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a tsakiyar shekarun ashirin.

"Lokacin da suka fahimci, ko kuma a zahiri, sun fahimci abin da Klemperer yake, sai suka fara zuwa wurinsa ta yadda babban zauren Philharmonic ba zai iya ɗaukar duk wanda yake son saurare ba, kuma mafi mahimmanci, don kallon shahararren madugu. Ba don ganin Klemperer shine hana kanku babban kashi na ra'ayi ba. Daga lokacin da ya shiga mataki, Klemperer ya mamaye hankalin masu sauraro. Ta bishi da kallonsa cike da kulawa. Mutumin da ke tsaye a bayan na'ura mai kwakwalwa (makin yana cikin kansa) a hankali ya girma kuma ya cika zauren duka. Komai yana haɗuwa zuwa wani aiki na halitta, wanda duk wanda yake halarta a cikinsa ya zama kamar yana shiga. Klemperer yana ɗaukar cajin son rai na ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗaikun ɗaiɗai don fitar da kuzarin da aka tara ta hankali cikin ƙarfi, sha'awa da sha'awa mai ban sha'awa wanda bai san wani shinge ba… tasowa zuwa ga m sani na mafi girma music kadaha, ya ta'allaka ne da sirrin cewa babban nasarar da Klemperer quite cancanci more a kasar mu.

Wannan shi ne yadda daya daga cikin masu sukar Leningrad ya rubuta ra'ayoyinsa game da tarurruka na farko tare da mai zane. Ana iya ci gaba da waɗannan kalmomi da aka yi niyya da kalaman wani mai bita da ya rubuta a cikin waɗannan shekarun: “Karfafa, farin ciki na ban mamaki ya mamaye fasahar Klemperer. Ayyukansa, cikakku kuma ƙwararru, koyaushe yana raye-rayen kiɗan ƙirƙira, ba tare da ƙwazo da koyarwa ba. Tare da ƙarfin zuciya mai ban mamaki, Klemperer ya buge da ɗabi'a ta zahiri da ɗabi'a ga ainihin haifuwar rubutun kiɗan, umarni da kalaman marubucin. Sau nawa fassararsa, nesa da yadda aka saba, ta haifar da rashin amincewa da rashin jituwa. I. Klemperer ya ci nasara koyaushe."

Irin wannan ya kasance kuma ya kasance har yau fasahar Klemperer. Wannan shi ne ya sanya shi kusanci da fahimtar masu sauraro a duk faɗin duniya, don haka ne aka fi son madugu musamman a ƙasarmu. "Klemperer Major" (daidaitaccen ma'anar sanannen mai sukar M. Sokolsky), ƙarfin ƙarfin fasaha na fasaha ya kasance koyaushe tare da bugun jini na mutanen da ke ƙoƙari don nan gaba, mutanen da ke taimaka wa fasaha mai girma don gina sabuwar rayuwa.

Godiya ga wannan mayar da hankali na hazaka, Klemperer ya zama mai fassarar aikin Beethoven wanda ba a iya kwatanta shi ba. Duk wanda ya ji da irin sha'awa da zaburarwa da yake sake gina gine-gine masu ban sha'awa na Beethoven's symphonies ya fahimci dalilin da ya sa a koyaushe ga masu sauraro cewa basirar Klemperer an ƙirƙiri shi ne kawai don shigar da tunanin ɗan adam na Beethoven. Kuma ba don komai ba ne wani daga cikin masu sukar Ingila ya sanya masa taken bitarsa ​​na kide-kide na madugu na gaba kamar haka: “Ludwig van Klemperer”.

Tabbas, Beethoven ba shine kawai kololuwar Klemperer ba. Ƙarfin hali na kwatsam da buri mai ƙarfi ya shawo kan fassararsa na waƙoƙin Mahler, wanda a cikinsa yakan jaddada sha'awar haske, ra'ayoyin nagarta da 'yan uwantakar mutane. A cikin babban repertoire na Klemperer, shafuka da yawa na litattafan gargajiya sun zo rayuwa a cikin sabuwar hanya, wanda ya san yadda ake shaka wasu sabbin abubuwa na musamman. Girman Bach da Handel, jin daɗin soyayya na Schubert da Schumann, zurfin ilimin falsafa na Brahms da Tchaikovsky, haske na Debussy da Stravinsky - duk wannan yana samuwa a cikinsa na musamman da cikakkiyar fassarar.

Kuma idan muka tuna cewa Klemperer gudanar da wani m sha'awa a cikin opera gidan, bayar da m misalai na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo na Mozart, Beethoven, Wagner, Bizet, da sikelin da m m hazaka na artist zai bayyana a fili.

Gabaɗayan rayuwa da tafarki na ƙirƙira na jagora misali ne na rashin son kai, hidimar fasaha. An haife shi a Breslau, ɗan ɗan kasuwa, ya sami darussan kiɗansa na farko daga mahaifiyarsa, mai son pianist. Bayan kammala karatun sakandare, saurayin kuma zai zama dan wasan pianist, a lokaci guda kuma ya yi nazarin ka'idar abun ciki. “Duk wannan lokacin,” in ji Klemperer, “Ban sani ba cewa zan iya yin ayyuka. Na hau hanyar madugu saboda damar da na samu a shekara ta 1906 na sadu da Max Reinhardt, wanda ya ba ni damar gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na Offenbach's Orpheus in Jahannama, wanda ya shirya. Bayan na karɓi wannan tayin, nan da nan na sami babban nasara wanda ya ja hankalin Gustav Mahler. Wannan shine sauyi a rayuwata. Mahler ya ba ni shawarar in ba da kaina gaba ɗaya don gudanar da ayyuka, kuma a shekara ta 1907 ya ba ni shawarar in zama babban darektan gidan opera na Jamus da ke Prague.

Yayin da yake jagorantar gidajen opera a Hamburg, Strasbourg, Cologne, Berlin, yawon shakatawa na ƙasashe da yawa, Klemperer an san shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun jagora a duniya wanda tuni a cikin shekaru ashirin. Sunansa ya zama banner wanda duka mafi kyawun mawaƙa na zamani da masu bin manyan al'adun gargajiya suka taru.

A gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Kroll a Berlin, Klemperer ya shirya ba kawai litattafai ba, har ma da sababbin ayyuka - Hindemith's Cardillac da News of the Day, Stravinsky's Oedipus Rex, Prokofiev's The Love for Three Lemu da sauransu.

Zuwan mulkin Nazi ya tilasta Klemperer ya bar Jamus ya yi yawo na shekaru da yawa. A Switzerland, Ostiriya, Amurka, Kanada, Kudancin Amirka - a ko'ina an gudanar da kide-kide da wake-wakensa cikin nasara. Jim kadan bayan kammala yakin, ya koma Turai. Da farko, Klemperer ya yi aiki a Budapest Opera, inda ya yi wasu haziƙai na operas na Beethoven, Wagner, Mozart, sa'an nan ya zauna a Switzerland na dogon lokaci, kuma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan London ya zama mazauninsa. Anan ya yi tare da kide-kide, rikodin bayanai, daga nan ya yi tafiye-tafiye na kide-kide da yawa kuma har yanzu.

Klemperer mutum ne mai son zuciya da jajircewa. Sau da yawa rashin lafiya mai tsanani ya fizge shi daga mataki. A shekara ta 1939, an yi masa tiyatar ciwace-ciwacen kwakwalwa kuma ya kusan gurgunta, amma akasin yadda likitocin suka yi zato, ya tsaya a wurin na’urar wasan bidiyo. Daga baya, a sakamakon faduwa da kuma karaya na kashin baya, mai zane ya sake yin watanni da yawa a asibiti, amma ya sake shawo kan rashin lafiya. Bayan 'yan shekaru, yayin da yake cikin asibitin, Klemperer ya yi kuskure ya yi barci yayin da yake kwance a gado. Sigari da ya fado daga hannunsa ya cinna wa bargon wuta, kuma madugun ya samu konewa sosai. Kuma sake, iƙirarin da ƙauna ga fasaha sun taimaka masa ya koma rayuwa, zuwa kerawa.

Shekaru sun canza bayyanar Klemperer. A wani lokaci, ya ɓata ƴan kallo da ƙungiyar makaɗa da kamanninsa kawai. Surarsa ta haye saman falon, duk da cewa madugu bai yi amfani da tasha ba. A yau, Klemperer yana gudanarwa yayin da yake zaune. Amma lokaci ba shi da iko akan hazaka da fasaha. "Za ku iya yin aiki da hannu ɗaya. Yawancin lokaci, za ku iya gane kawai ta hanyar dubawa. Kuma ga kujera - don haka, ya Ubangiji, domin a cikin opera duk masu gudanarwa suna zama yayin gudanarwa! Ba kamar kowa ba ne a zauren kide-kide – shi ke nan,” in ji Klemperer cikin nutsuwa.

Kuma kamar kullum, ya yi nasara. Domin, sauraron wasan ƙungiyar mawaƙa a ƙarƙashin jagorancinsa, kun daina lura da kujera, da ciwon hannaye, da kuma fuskar da aka yi. Kiɗa kawai ya rage, kuma har yanzu yana da cikakke kuma yana da ban sha'awa.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969