Eugene Ormandy |

Eugene Ormandy ne adam wata

Jagoran Ba'amurke dan asalin Hungarian. Sunan wannan jagorar yana da alaƙa da tarihin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun kade-kade na kade-kade a duniya - Philadelphia. Sama da shekaru XNUMX da suka gabata, Ormandy ya kasance shugaban wannan gamayya, lamarin da kusan ba a taba ganin irinsa ba a harkar fasahar duniya. A cikin kusancin fasahar kere-kere tare da wannan ƙungiyar makaɗa, a zahiri, an ƙirƙiri baiwar jagora kuma ta girma, ƙirar ƙirar da ba za a iya tunaninta ba a wajen Philadelphians har yau. Duk da haka, yana da kyau a tuna cewa Ormandy, kamar yawancin shugabannin Amurka na zamaninsa, sun fito ne daga Turai. An haife shi kuma ya girma a Budapest; A nan, yana da shekaru biyar, ya shiga Royal Academy of Music kuma yana da shekaru tara ya fara ba da kide-kide a matsayin dan wasan violin, a lokaci guda yana karatu tare da Yene Hubi. Duk da haka, Ormandy ya kasance, watakila, watakila shine babban jagoran farko wanda aikinsa ya fara a Amurka. Game da yadda abin ya faru, madugu da kansa ya ce kamar haka:

"Na kasance ƙwararren ɗan wasan violin kuma na ba da kide-kide da yawa bayan kammala karatunsa daga Kwalejin Sarauta a Budapest (haɗawa, makirufo, piano). A Vienna, wani ɗan ƙasar Amurika ya ji ni kuma ya gayyace ni zuwa New York. Wannan ya kasance a cikin Disamba 1921. Daga baya na gano cewa shi ba ɗan wasa ba ne ko kaɗan, amma ya yi latti - ina New York. Duk manyan manajoji sun saurare ni, kowa ya yarda cewa ni ƙwararren ɗan wasan violin ne, amma ina buƙatar talla da kuma aƙalla kide kide a Carnegie Hall. Duk wannan kuɗin da ba ni da shi, don haka na shiga ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Theater Symphony don wasan bidiyo na ƙarshe, wanda na zauna kwana biyar. Bayan kwana biyar, farin ciki ya yi mani murmushi: sun mai da ni rakiya! Watanni takwas suka shige, kuma wata rana shugaban darektan, bai sani ba ko kaɗan ko zan iya gudanarwa, ya gaya mani ta wurin mai gadi cewa sai na gudanar da wani shagali na gaba. Kuma na gudanar, haka ma, ba tare da ci ... Mun yi Tchaikovsky ta hudu Symphony. Nan take aka nada ni shugaba na hudu. Ta haka ne na fara gudanar da aikina.”

'Yan shekaru masu zuwa sun kasance don shekarun Ormandy na ingantawa a cikin sabon filin a gare shi. Ya halarci kide-kide na Orchestra na New York Philharmonic Orchestra, inda Mengelberg, Toscanini, Furtwängler, Klemperer, Klaiber da sauran mashahuran masters ke tsaye a lokacin. A hankali, matasa mawaƙa ya tashi zuwa matsayi na biyu shugaba na kungiyar makada, da kuma a 1926 ya zama m darektan Radio Orchestra, sa'an nan a wajen suna fadin tawagar. A cikin 1931, daidaituwa mai farin ciki ya taimaka masa ya jawo hankali: Arturo Toscanini ba zai iya zuwa daga Turai don kide kide da wake-wake da Orchestra na Philadelphia ba, kuma bayan binciken banza don maye gurbinsa, gudanarwar ta ɗauki haɗarin gayyatar matashin Ormandy. Furucin ya wuce duk abin da ake tsammani, kuma nan da nan aka ba shi mukamin babban darekta a Minneapolis. Ormandy ya yi aiki a can na tsawon shekaru biyar, ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu jagoranci na sabon ƙarni. Kuma a cikin 1936, lokacin da Stokowski ya bar kungiyar Orchestra ta Philadelphia, babu wanda ya yi mamakin cewa Ormandy ya zama magajinsa. Rachmaninov da Kreisler sun ba shi shawarar yin irin wannan alhakin.

A cikin shekarun da ya yi na aiki tare da kungiyar kade-kade ta Philadelphia, Ormandy ya sami babbar daraja a duk duniya. Hakan ya samu ne sakamakon tafiye-tafiyen da ya yi a nahiyoyi daban-daban, da kade-kade marasa iyaka, da kamalar tawagar da yake jagoranta, da kuma, a karshe, abokan huldar da suka hada madugu tare da fitattun mawakan zamaninmu. Ormandy ya ci gaba da kulla abota da kirkire-kirkire tare da babban Rachmaninoff, wanda akai-akai tare da shi da makadansa. Ormandy shi ne dan wasan farko na Rachmaninov's Symphony na Uku da raye-rayen Symphonic na kansa, wanda marubucin ya sadaukar ga Orchestra na Philadelphia. Ormandy ya yi ta maimaitawa tare da masu fasaha na Soviet wadanda suka ziyarci Amurka a cikin 'yan shekarun nan - E. Gilels, S. Richter, D. Oistrakh, M. Rostropovich, L. Kogan da sauransu. A 1956, Ormandy, a shugaban kungiyar kade-kade Philadelphia, ya zagaya Moscow, Leningrad da Kyiv. A cikin ɗimbin shirye-shirye daban-daban, an bayyana gwanintar jagoran gabaɗaya. Da yake kwatanta shi, abokin aikin Ormandy na Soviet L. Ginzburg ya rubuta: “Mawaƙin ƙwararru, Ormandy yana burge shi da ƙwararrun iyawarsa, musamman tunawa. Manyan shirye-shirye biyar masu rikitarwa, gami da hadaddun ayyuka na zamani, ya gudanar daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, yana nuna cikakkiyar masaniyar maki. A cikin kwanaki talatin na zamansa a Tarayyar Soviet, Ormandy ya gudanar da kide-kide-kide-kade-sha-biyu - misali na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru… Yanayin gudanar da aikinsa na farko kamar kasuwanci ne; kusan bai damu da na waje ba, bangaran bangaranci, duk hankalinsa ya karkata ga haduwa da makada da kidan da yake yi. Abin da ya ja hankali shi ne tsawon shirinsa fiye da yadda muka saba. Jagoran da ƙarfin hali ya haɗa ayyukan salo da zamani daban-daban: Beethoven da Shostakovich, Haydn da Prokofiev, Brahms da Debussy, R. Strauss da Beethoven…

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969