Tarihin bassoon
Bassoon - kayan kida na iska na bass, tenor da wani juzu'in rijistar alto, wanda aka yi da itacen maple. An yi imanin cewa sunan wannan kayan aikin ya fito ne daga kalmar Italiyanci fagotto, wanda ke nufin "ƙulli, daure, daure." Kuma a gaskiya ma, idan kayan aiki yana kwance, to, wani abu mai kama da gunkin itace zai fito. Jimlar tsawon bassoon shine mita 2,5, yayin da na contrabassoon ya kai mita 5. Kayan aiki yana kimanin kilogiram 3.
Haihuwar sabon kayan kida
Ba a san wanda ya fara kirkiro bassoon ba, amma Italiya a cikin karni na 17 an dauke shi a matsayin wurin haifuwa na kayan aiki. Ana kiran magabatansa tsohon bombarda - kayan aikin bass na dangin Reed. Bassoon ya bambanta da bombarda a cikin zane, an raba bututu zuwa sassa da yawa, sakamakon abin da kayan aiki ya zama sauƙin sarrafawa da ɗauka. Har ila yau, sautin ya canza don mafi kyau, da farko an kira bassoon dulcian, wanda ke nufin "mai laushi, mai dadi". Wani dogon bututu ne mai lankwashe wanda tsarin bawul ɗin yake. Bassoon na farko an sanye shi da bawuloli uku. Daga baya a cikin karni na 18 akwai biyar daga cikinsu. Nauyin kayan aikin ya kai kusan kilogiram uku. Girman bututun da aka buɗe ya fi tsayin mita biyu da rabi. The counterbassoon yana da ma fiye - game da biyar mita.
Inganta kayan aiki
Da farko, an yi amfani da kayan aikin don haɓaka, muryoyin dub bass. Sai kawai daga karni na 17, ya fara taka rawa mai zaman kanta. A wannan lokacin, mawaƙan Italiyanci Biagio Marini, Dario Castello da sauransu sun rubuta masa sonatas. A farkon karni na 19, Jean-Nicole Savarre ya gabatar da duniyar kiɗa zuwa bassoon, wanda ke da bawuloli goma sha ɗaya. Daga baya kadan, masters biyu daga Faransa: F. Treber da A. Buffet sun inganta kuma sun kara wannan zabin.
Mahukuntan Jamus Karl Almenreder da Johann Adam Haeckel sun ba da muhimmiyar gudummawa ga ci gaban bassoon. Su ne, a cikin 1831 a Biebrich, sun kafa kamfani don kera kayan aikin iska. Almenreder a 1843 ya kirkiro bassoon tare da bawuloli goma sha bakwai. Wannan samfurin ya zama tushen samar da bassons na kamfanin Haeckel, wanda ya zama jagora a cikin samar da waɗannan kayan kida. Har zuwa wannan lokacin, bassons na Ostiriya da na Faransanci sun kasance gama gari. Daga haihuwa zuwa yau, akwai nau'ikan bassoon iri uku: quartbassoon, bassoon, contrabassoon. Mawakan kade-kade na zamani har yanzu suna ci gaba da amfani da counterbassoon a wasan kwaikwayonsu.
Wurin bassoon a cikin tarihi
A Jamus a cikin karni na 18, kayan aikin yana kan kololuwar shahararsa. Sautunan Bassoon a cikin mawakan coci sun jaddada sautin muryar. A cikin ayyukan mawaƙin Jamus Reinhard Kaiser, na'urar tana karɓar sassanta a matsayin wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar opera. Mawaƙa Georg Philipp Telemann, Jan Dismas Zelekan ne suka yi amfani da bassoon wajen aikinsu. Kayan aiki ya karɓi sassa na solo a cikin ayyukan FJ Haydn da VA Mozart, ana jin bassoon repertoire musamman a cikin Concerto a B-dur, wanda Mozart ya rubuta a 1774. Ya solos a cikin ayyukan I. Stravinsky “The Firebird”, "The Rite of Spring", tare da A. Bizet a cikin "Carmen", tare da P. Tchaikovsky a cikin Symphonies na hudu da na shida, a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Antonio Vivaldi, a cikin wurin tare da Farlaf a M. Glinka a Ruslan da Lyudmila. Michael Rabinauitz mawaƙin jazz ne, ɗaya daga cikin ƴan kaɗan da suka fara yin sassan bassoon a cikin kide-kidensa.
Yanzu ana iya jin kayan aikin a wuraren kide-kide na kade-kade da makada na tagulla. Bugu da ƙari, yana iya solo ko wasa a cikin gungu.
