Zakhary Petrovych Paliashvili (Zachary Paliashvili) |

Zachary Paliashvili

Zakhary Paliashvili shi ne na farko a cikin ƙwararrun kiɗan don buɗe asirin ƙarfin kiɗan ƙarni na mutanen Jojiya tare da ƙarfi da ma'auni mai ban mamaki kuma ya dawo da wannan kuzari ga mutane… A. Tsulukidze

Ana kiran Z. Paliashvili babban classic na kiɗan Jojiya, yana kwatanta mahimmancinsa ga al'adun Georgian tare da rawar M. Glinka a cikin kiɗan Rasha. Ayyukansa sun ƙunshi ruhun mutanen Jojiya, cike da ƙaunar rayuwa da sha'awar 'yanci. Paliashvili ya aza harsashin harsashin wani harshe na kiɗa na ƙasa, yana haɗa nau'ikan nau'ikan waƙoƙin gargajiya na gargajiya (Gurian, Megrelian, Imeretian, Svan, Kartalino-Kakhetian), tarihin birni da fasahar fasaha na mawakan Jojiyanci tare da dabarun ƙira. kiɗan Yammacin Turai da na Rasha. Musamman mai amfani ga Paliashvili shine haɗakar mafi kyawun al'adun kirkire-kirkire na mawakan The Mighty Handful. Kasancewa a asalin kiɗan ƙwararrun Georgian, aikin Paliashvili yana ba da haɗin kai kai tsaye da rayuwa tsakaninsa da fasahar kiɗan Soviet na Georgia.

An haifi Paliashvili a Kutaisi a cikin dangin mawaƙa na coci, 6 daga cikinsu 18 na yara sun zama mawaƙa masu sana'a. Tun daga ƙuruciya, Zachary ya rera waƙa a cikin ƙungiyar mawaƙa, yana wasa da jituwa yayin hidimar coci. Malamin waka na farko shi ne mawaƙin Kutaisi F. Mizandari, kuma bayan dangin sun ƙaura zuwa Tiflis a shekara ta 1887, ɗan'uwansa Ivan, wanda daga baya shahararren madugu ne, ya yi karatu tare da shi. Rayuwar kiɗan Tiflis ta ci gaba sosai a waɗannan shekarun. Reshen Tiflis na RMO da makarantar kiɗa a 1882-93. karkashin jagorancin M. Ippolitov-Ivanov, P. Tchaikovsky da sauran mawakan Rasha sukan zo da kide-kide. An gudanar da wani wasan kide-kide mai ban sha'awa ta ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Georgian, wanda mai sha'awar kiɗan Jojiya L. Agniashvili ya shirya. A cikin wadannan shekaru ne aka kafa makarantar mawaka ta kasa.

Wakilansa masu haske - matasa masu kida M. Balanchivadze, N. Sulkhanishvili, D. Arakishvili, Z. Paliashvili sun fara aikin su tare da nazarin labarun kiɗa. Paliashvili ya yi balaguro zuwa lungunan da ke da nisa da wahalar isa na Jojiya, yana yin rikodin kusan. Wakokin jama'a 300. Daga baya aka buga sakamakon wannan aikin (1910) tarin waƙoƙin jama'a 40 na Georgian a cikin jituwa na jama'a.

Paliashvili ya fara karatunsa na ƙwararru a Kwalejin Kiɗa ta Tiflis (1895-99) a cikin ka'idar ƙaho da ka'ida, sannan a Conservatory na Moscow a ƙarƙashin S. Taneyev. Yayin da yake a Moscow, ya shirya ƙungiyar mawaƙa na ɗaliban Georgian waɗanda suka yi waƙoƙin jama'a a cikin kide-kide.

Komawa zuwa Tiflis, Paliashvili ya ƙaddamar da wani aiki mai hadari. Ya koyar a makarantar kiɗa, a gidan wasan motsa jiki, inda ya yi ƙungiyar mawaƙa da kade-kade na ɗalibai. A cikin 1905, ya shiga cikin kafuwar Jojin Philharmonic Society, shi ne darektan makarantar kiɗa a wannan jama'a (1908-17), wanda mawaƙa na Turai suka gudanar da wasan operas a karon farko a cikin Jojiyanci. Wannan gagarumin aiki ya ci gaba bayan juyin juya hali. Paliashvili farfesa ne kuma darektan Tbilisi Conservatory a shekaru daban-daban (1919, 1923, 1929-32).

A 1910, Paliashvili ya fara aiki a kan na farko opera Abesalom da Eteri, wanda farko ranar 21 ga Fabrairu, 1919 ya zama wani taron na kasa muhimmanci. Tushen libretto, wanda sanannen malamin Jojiya kuma ɗan jama'a P. Mirianashvili ya ƙirƙira, shine ƙwararren ƙwararren tarihin Jojiya, almara Eteriani, waƙar waƙar da aka yi game da tsantsar ƙauna mai girma. (Aikin Georgian ya yi ta roƙonsa akai-akai, musamman ma babban mawaƙin ƙasa V. Pshavela.) Ƙauna jigo ne na har abada da kyau! Paliashvili yana ba shi ma'aunin wasan kwaikwayo na almara, yana ɗaukar babban almara na Kartalo-Kakhetian choral da waƙoƙin Svan a matsayin tushen tsarin kiɗan sa. Faɗaɗɗen al'amuran mawaƙa sun haifar da ƙirar gine-gine guda ɗaya, suna haifar da ƙungiyoyi tare da manyan abubuwan tarihi na tsohuwar gine-ginen Jojiya, da abubuwan kallon al'ada suna tunawa da al'adun tsoffin bukukuwan ƙasa. Ƙwaƙwalwar Georgian ba ta shiga ba kawai kiɗa ba, ƙirƙirar launi na musamman, amma kuma yana ɗaukar manyan ayyuka masu ban mamaki a cikin opera.

A ranar 19 ga Disamba, 1923, an fara nuna wasan opera na biyu na Paliashvili Daisi (Twilight, lib. na marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na Jojiya V. Gunia) a Tbilisi. Aikin yana faruwa a cikin karni na 1927. a cikin zamanin gwagwarmaya da Lezgins kuma ya ƙunshi, tare da manyan layi na soyayya-lyrical, jama'a jarumta-kishin kasa al'amuran jama'a. Wasan opera yana buɗewa azaman jerin waƙoƙi, ban mamaki, jarumtaka, shirye-shiryen yau da kullun, yana ɗaukar kyawawan kide-kide, ta hanyar haɗe mafi bambance-bambancen yadudduka na ƙauyen Jojiya da tarihin birni. Paliashvili ya kammala wasan opera na uku da na karshe na Latavra akan wani shiri na jarumtaka da kishin kasa bisa wani wasan kwaikwayo da S. Shanshiashvili yayi a cikin 10. Don haka, wasan opera ya kasance a tsakiyar abubuwan da mawakin ya kirkira, kodayake Paliashvili ya rubuta kida a wasu nau'ikan kuma. Shi ne marubucin da dama romances, choral ayyuka, daga cikinsu akwai cantata "Zuwa 1928th Anniversary na Soviet Power". Ko da a lokacin karatunsa a ɗakin ajiya, ya rubuta preludes da yawa, sonatas, kuma a cikin XNUMX, bisa ga tarihin Georgian, ya kirkiro "Georgian Suite" don mawaƙa. Kuma duk da haka a cikin opera ne aka gudanar da bincike mafi mahimmanci na fasaha, an kafa al'adun kiɗa na ƙasa.

An binne Paliashvili a cikin lambun Tbilisi Opera House, wanda ke ɗauke da sunansa. Ta haka ne al'ummar Jojiya suka nuna matuƙar girmamawarsu ga manyan wasannin opera na ƙasar.

O. Averyanova