Willem Mengelberg (Mengelberg, Willem) |

Mengelberg, Willem

Jagoran Dutch na asalin Jamus. Willem Mengelberg ana iya kiransa wanda ya kafa makarantar gudanarwa na Dutch, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na ƙungiyar makaɗa. Domin kusan rabin karni, sunansa yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyar Orchestra ta Concertgebouw a Amsterdam, ƙungiyar da ke jagorantarsa ​​daga 1895 zuwa 1945. Mengelberg ne ya mayar da wannan ƙungiyar (wanda aka kafa a 1888) ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ƙungiyar makaɗa a duniya.

Mengelberg ya zo ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Concertgebouw, yana da ɗan gogewa a matsayin jagora. Bayan kammala karatunsa daga Cologne Conservatory a piano da gudanarwa, ya fara aikinsa a matsayin darektan kiɗa a Lucerne (1891 - 1894). A cikin shekarun da ya yi a wurin, ya ja hankali kansa ta hanyar yin ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙasidu da yawa, waɗanda ba kasafai ake saka su a cikin shirin ba har ma da shugabanni masu daraja. An ba da lada ga ƙarfin hali da hazaka na matashin jagora: ya sami kyauta mai daraja don ɗaukar mukamin shugaban ƙungiyar mawaƙa ta Concertgebouw. A lokacin yana da ashirin da hudu.

Tun daga matakai na farko, basirar mai zane ta fara bunƙasa. Nasarar ƙungiyar makaɗa daga shekara zuwa shekara ta ƙara ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Bugu da kari, Mengelberg ya fara yin tafiye-tafiye masu zaman kansu, wanda kewayon ya zama fa'ida kuma nan da nan ya rufe kusan dukkanin duniya. Tuni a cikin 1905, ya gudanar da shi a karon farko a Amurka, inda daga baya - daga 1921 zuwa 1930 - ya yi yawon shakatawa a kowace shekara tare da babban nasara, yana yin tare da Orchestra na Philharmonic na kasa a New York na tsawon watanni a jere. A cikin 1910, ya fara bayyanarsa a La Scala, ya maye gurbin Arturo Toscanini. A wa] annan shekarun, ya yi a Roma, Berlin, Vienna, St. Petersburg, Moscow ... Daga 1907 zuwa 1920 ya kasance ma'aikacin dindindin na Gidan Tarihi na Gidan Tarihi a Frankfurt kuma, a Bugu da kari, a cikin shekaru daban-daban ya jagoranci kungiyar Orchestra ta Royal Philharmonic. London.

Daga nan har mutuwarsa, Mengelberg yana da gaskiya a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyawun jagora na zamaninsa. Babban nasarorin da artist aka hade da fassarar ayyukan mawaƙa na marigayi XIX - farkon XX karni: Tchaikovsky, Brahms, Richard Strauss, wanda ya sadaukar da "Life na Hero" a gare shi, kuma musamman Mahler. Rikodi da yawa da Mengelberg ya yi a shekarun talatin sun adana mana fasahar wannan madugu. Tare da duk ajizancinsu na fasaha, suna ba da ra'ayi game da babban iko mai ban sha'awa, yanayi mara ƙarfi, sikelin da zurfin ayyukansa koyaushe ana nuna su. Keɓaɓɓen mutumtakar Mengelberg, ga dukan asalinsa, ba shi da iyakoki na ƙasa - kiɗan al'ummomi daban-daban ana watsa musu da gaskiya da ba kasafai ba, fahimtar gaskiya da ruhi. Mutum na iya gamsuwa da wannan ta hanyar saninsa, musamman, tare da jerin bayanan da Philips ya fitar kwanan nan a ƙarƙashin taken "Rikodin Tarihi na V. Mengelberg". Ya haɗa da rikodin duk waƙoƙin Beethoven, Symphony na Farko da Buƙatar Jamus ta Brahms, kade-kade biyu na ƙarshe da kiɗa don Schubert's Rosamund, waƙoƙin Mozart huɗu, karimcin Franck da Strauss's Don Giovanni. Waɗannan faifan rikodin kuma sun shaida cewa mafi kyawun fasalulluka waɗanda ƙungiyar Orchestra ta Concertgebouw ta shahara a yanzu - cikawa da dumin sauti, ƙarfin kayan aikin iska da maganganun kirtani - kuma an haɓaka su a lokacin Mengelberg.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek