François-André Philidor |

Francois-Andre Philidor

A kotun daular Faransa Louis XIII, mai ban mamaki oboist Michel Danican Philidor, wanda ya kasance na Faransa iyali Couperin, bauta. Wata rana sai da ya zo fada domin ya halarci wani shagali na gaba na sarki, wanda yake sa rai. Sa’ad da mawaƙin ya bayyana a fadar, Louis ya ce: “A ƙarshe, Philidor ya dawo!” Tun daga wannan lokacin ne aka fara kiran mai gidan sarki Filidor. Shi ne ya zama wanda ya kafa wata daula ta musamman na fitattun mawakan Faransa.

Shahararren wakilin wannan daular shine Francois André Philidor.

An haife shi a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 1726 a cikin ƙaramin garin Dreux, a tsakiyar Faransa. Ya sami ilimin kiɗan kiɗa a Makarantar Imperial na Versailles, yana karatu ƙarƙashin jagorancin Campra. Bayan da ya kammala karatunsa da kyau, ya kasa samun suna a matsayin fitaccen mai fasaha da mawaƙa. Amma a nan ne wani gwanin Philidor da babu shakka ya bayyana kansa da ƙarfi, wanda ya bayyana sunansa a duk faɗin duniya! Tun 1745, ya bi ta Jamus, Holland da Ingila kuma an san shi a matsayin dan wasan chess na farko, zakaran duniya. Ya zama kwararren dan wasan dara. A cikin 1749, an buga littafinsa Chess Analysis a London. Wani bincike mai ban mamaki, ko da yake baƙon abu yana iya zama kamar, yana da mahimmanci har zuwa yau. Bayan da ya sami abin rayuwa don kansa, Philidor bai yi gaggawar ci gaba da basirar kiɗansa ba kuma a cikin 1754 ne kawai ya sanar da komawar sa zuwa kiɗa tare da motet "Lauda Jerusalem", wanda aka rubuta don Versailles Chapel.

Ya kamata a ambata a nan cewa a baya a cikin 1744, kafin wasan wasan dara na gaba, Philidor, tare da Jean Jacques Rousseau, sun shiga cikin ƙirƙirar ballet na jaruntaka "Le Muses galantes". Daga nan ne mawakin ya fara rubuta waka don wasan kwaikwayo.

Yanzu Philidor ya zama mahaliccin nau'in kiɗan Faransanci da wasan kwaikwayo - wasan opera mai ban dariya (opera comigue). An shirya wasan opera na farko na wasan kwaikwayo na barkwanci, Blaise the Shoemaker, a birnin Paris a shekara ta 1759. Yawancin wasannin da suka biyo baya kuma an yi su a birnin Paris. Kiɗa na Philidor na wasan kwaikwayo ne kuma a hankali ya ƙunshi duk jujjuyawar matakin wasan kuma yana bayyana ba kawai mai ban dariya ba, har ma da yanayi na waƙoƙi.

Ayyukan Felidor sun kasance babban nasara. A karo na farko a birnin Paris, (sa'an nan kuma ba a yarda da shi ba), an kira mawallafin zuwa mataki zuwa tsawa. Wannan ya faru ne bayan wasan kwaikwayo na opera mai suna "The Sorcerer". Sama da shekaru goma, tun 1764, wasan opera na Philidor sun shahara a Rasha kuma. An shirya su sau da yawa a St. Petersburg da kuma a Moscow.

Kasancewa da manyan hazaka na kirkire-kirkire, Philidor ya samu nasarar hadawa a cikin ayyukansa karfin fasaha na mawakan Jamus tare da jin dadin Italiyanci, ba tare da rasa ruhin kasa ba, godiya ga abin da abubuwan da ya kirkira ya yi matukar burgewa. A cikin shekaru 26 ya rubuta operas 33; Mafi kyawun su: "Le jardiniere et son Seigneur", "Le Marechal ferrant", "Le Sorcier", "Ernelinde", "Tom Jones", "Themistocle" da "Persee".

Zuwan babban juyin juya halin Faransa ya tilastawa Philidor barin ƙasar mahaifinsa ya zaɓi Ingila a matsayin mafakarsa. Anan mahaliccin wasan opera na wasan barkwanci na Faransa ya rayu a kwanakinsa na ƙarshe. Mutuwa ta zo a London a 1795.

Viktor Kashirnikov