Guqin: bayanin kayan aiki, yadda yake aiki, sauti, yadda ake wasa

Qixianqin kayan kida ne na kasar Sin. Sanannen fasahar wasansa na ci gaba da kuma dogon tarihi. Madadin suna shine guqin. Makarantun duniya masu alaƙa: kayagym, yatyg, gusli, garaya.

Menene guqin

Nau'in kayan aiki - kirtani chordophone. Iyalin suna zither. An yi wasan guqin tun zamanin da. Tun da aka kirkiro ta, 'yan siyasa da masana ilimi suna girmama ta a matsayin wani kayan aiki na zamani da fasaha. Sinawa suna kiran guqin "mahaifin kidan kasar Sin" da "kayan masu hikima".

Qixianqin kayan aikin shiru ne. An iyakance kewayon zuwa octaves huɗu. An kunna buɗaɗɗen igiyoyin a cikin rajistar bass. Ƙananan sauti 2 octaves a ƙasa da tsakiyar C. Ana samar da sautuna ta hanyar zazzage igiyoyi masu buɗewa, igiyoyin tsayawa da harmonica.

Yadda guqin ke aiki

Yin guqin tsari ne mai sarkakiya, kamar ƙirƙirar sauran kayan kida. Qixianqin ya yi fice don alamarsa a cikin zaɓin kayan da aka haɗa.

Babban na'urar ita ce kyamarar sauti. Girma a tsawon - 120 cm. Nisa - 20 cm. An kafa ɗakin da allunan katako guda biyu, an naɗe su tare. Wani katako yana da yanke a ciki, yana samar da ɗaki mara kyau. Ana yanke ramukan sauti a bayan harka. Ana goyan bayan kirtani ta kambi da gada. Tsakiyar saman yana aiki azaman wuyansa. Wuyan yana karkata a kusurwa.

Kayan aiki yana da kafafu a kasa. Dalilin ba shine toshe ramukan sauti ba. A ƙarƙashin ƙasa akwai tsarin daidaitawa. A al'adance an yi igiyoyin da siliki. Akwai na zamani masu rufin karfe.

Bisa ga al'ada, guqin asalinsa yana da igiyoyi 5. Kowace igiya tana wakiltar nau'in halitta: ƙarfe, itace, ruwa, wuta, ƙasa. A zamanin daular Zhou, Wen-wang ya kara zare na shida a matsayin alamar bakin ciki ga dansa da ya mutu. Magaji Wu Wang ya kara da na bakwai don kwadaitar da sojojin a yakin Shang.

Akwai 2 rare model na XXI karni. Na farko shine dangi. Tsawon - 1 m. Ana amfani dashi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na solo. Na biyu yana tare da Tsawon - 2 m. Yawan kirtani - 13. An yi amfani da shi a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa.

Shahararrun ma'auni: C, D, F, G, A, c, d da G, A, c, d, e, g, a. Lokacin kunna duet, kayan aiki na biyu ba ya rufe guqin.

Tarihin kayan aiki

Wani almara na kasar Sin da aka yada daga tsara zuwa tsara, ya ce yawancin kayayyakin kidan kasar Sin sun bayyana shekaru 5000 da suka wuce. Fitattun jaruman Fu Xi, Shen Nong da Sarkin Rawaya ne suka kirkiro guqin. Wannan sigar yanzu ana ɗaukar tatsuniyar tatsuniyoyi.

A cewar masu bincike, ainihin tarihin qixianqin yana da kusan shekaru 3000, tare da kuskuren karni. Masanin kiɗan Yang Yinglu ya raba tarihin guqin zuwa lokuta 3. Na farko shi ne kafin hawan daular Qin. A lokacin farko, guqin ya sami karɓuwa a cikin ƙungiyar makaɗa ta tsakar gida.

A cikin lokaci na biyu, akidar Confucian da Taoism sun rinjayi kayan aikin. Kiɗa ya bazu a cikin daular Sui da Tang. A cikin lokaci na biyu, an yi ƙoƙari don rubuta ƙa'idodin Play, sanarwa, da ƙa'idodi. Mafi tsufa samfurin qixianqin na daular Tang ne.

Na uku lokaci ne halin da rikitarwa na qagaggun, fitowan gaba ɗaya yarda wasa dabaru. Daular Song ita ce wurin haifuwar zamanin zinare na tarihin guqin. Akwai kasidu da kasidu da yawa daga lokaci na uku da aka so a yi a kan qixianqing.

Amfani

An fara amfani da Qixianqin a cikin kiɗan gargajiya na kasar Sin. A al'adance, ana kunna kayan aikin a cikin daki mai shiru shi kaɗai ko tare da abokai biyu. Mawakan zamani suna wasa a manyan wuraren kide kide da wake-wake ta amfani da na'urar daukar hoto ko makirufo don kara sautin.

Shahararren abun da ke cikin karni na XNUMX da ake kira "Rokudan no Shirabe". Marubucin shine makahon mawaki Yatsuhashi Kang.

A matsayin alama ta babban al'adu, qixianqin ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin shahararrun al'adun kasar Sin. Kayan aiki yana bayyana a cikin fina-finai. ’Yan fim ba su da basirar yin wasan kwaikwayo, don haka suna inganta. Waƙar sauti mai jiwuwa tare da rikodin ƙwararrun Kunna an ɗora akan jerin bidiyo.

Wasan guqing da aka sake ƙirƙira daidai ya bayyana a cikin Jarumi na fim ɗin Zhang Yimou. Halin Xu Kuang yana wasa da tsohuwar sigar guqin a cikin fage na fadar yayin da marar suna ke kawar da kai hari daga abokan gaba.

An yi amfani da kayan aikin a lokacin buɗe gasar Olympics ta bazara ta 2008. Chen Leiji ne ya rubuta.

Yadda ake wasa

Dabarar buga guqin ana kiranta yatsa. Kiɗan da aka kunna an kasu kashi uku daban-daban sautuka:

• Na farko an rera yin. Fassara ta zahiri ita ce "sautin da ba a haɗa su tare". Cire tare da buɗaɗɗen kirtani.
• Na biyu shine Fang Yin. Ma'anar ita ce "sauti masu iyo". Sunan ya fito ne daga harmonica, lokacin da mai kunnawa ya taɓa igiyar a hankali da yatsu ɗaya ko biyu a wani wuri. Ana samar da sauti mai tsabta.
• Na uku shine yin ko "sautin dakatarwa". Don cire sauti, mai kunnawa yana danna igiyar da yatsa har sai ya tsaya a jiki. Sai hannun mawaƙin ya zame sama da ƙasa, yana canza sauti. Dabarar cire sauti tana kama da kunna gitar zamewa. Dabarar guqin ta fi bambanta, ta yin amfani da duka hannu.

In ji littafin Cunjian Guqin Zhifa Puzi Jilan, akwai dabarun wasan yatsa guda 1070. Wannan ya fi sauran kayan aikin Yamma ko China. ’Yan wasan zamani suna amfani da matsakaicin dabaru 50. Koyan yin wasan qixianqing yana da wahala kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa. Ba shi yiwuwa a koyi duk fasahohin ba tare da ƙwararren malami ba.