Waɗanne operas ne Tchaikovsky ya rubuta?

Idan ka tambayi mutane bazuwar abin da operas Tchaikovsky ya rubuta, da yawa za su gaya maka "Eugene Onegin", watakila ma raira waƙa wani abu daga gare ta. Wasu za su tuna "Sarauniyar Spades" ("Katunan uku, katunan uku!"), Wataƙila wasan opera "Cherevichki" zai kuma tuna (mawallafin ya gudanar da shi da kansa, kuma shine dalilin da ya sa ya zama abin tunawa).

A cikin duka, mawaki Tchaikovsky ya rubuta wasan kwaikwayo goma. Wasu, ba shakka, ba a san su sosai ba, amma rabi mai kyau na waɗannan goma suna jin daɗi da jin daɗin masu sauraro daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

Ga duk operas guda 10 na Tchaikovsky:

1. "The Voevoda" - wasan opera bisa ga wasan kwaikwayo na AN Ostrovsky (1868)

2. "Ondine" - bisa ga littafin F. Motta-Fouquet game da undine (1869)

3. "The Oprichnik" - bisa labarin II Lazhechnikova (1872)

4. "Eugene Onegin" - bisa ga labari na wannan sunan a cikin ayar ta AS Pushkin (1878)

5. "Maid of Orleans" - bisa ga kafofin daban-daban, labarin Joan na Arc (1879)

6. "Mazeppa" - bisa ga waƙar AS Pushkin "Poltava" (1883)

7. "Cherevichki" - wasan opera bisa labarin da NV Gogol ta "Dare Kafin Kirsimeti" (1885)

8. "The Enchantress" - rubuta bisa ga bala'i na wannan sunan da IV Shpazhinsky (1887)

9. "Sarauniyar Spades" - bisa labarin da AS Pushkin ta "Sarauniyar Spades" (1890)

10. "Iolanta" - bisa ga wasan kwaikwayo na H. Hertz "Yar Sarki Rene" (1891)

Wasan opera ta ta farko "Voevoda" Tchaikovsky da kansa ya yarda cewa gazawar ce: ya zama kamar shi ba a haɗa shi da Italiyanci-mai daɗi ba. Hawthorn na Rasha sun cika da roulades na Italiyanci. Ba a ci gaba da samarwa ba.

operas guda biyu na gaba sune "Undine" и "Oprichnik". Majalisar wasan kwaikwayo ta Imperial ta ƙi "Ondine" kuma ba a taɓa shirya shi ba, kodayake tana ɗauke da waƙoƙin waƙa da yawa waɗanda ke nuna alamar tashi daga canons na ƙasashen waje.

"The Oprichnik" shine farkon wasan kwaikwayo na asali na Tchaikovsky; shirye-shiryen wakokin Rasha sun bayyana a ciki. An yi nasara kuma kungiyoyin opera daban-daban ne suka shirya shi, ciki har da na kasashen waje.

Ga daya daga cikin operas nasa, Tchaikovsky ya dauki shirin "Dare Kafin Kirsimeti" na NV Gogol. Tun da farko wannan opera ta kasance mai suna "The Blacksmith Vakula", amma daga baya aka sake masa suna kuma ya zama. "Takalmi".

Labarin shine wannan: a nan Shinkar-witch Solokha, Oksana mai kyau, da maƙerin Vakula, wanda ke ƙauna da ita, ya bayyana. Vakula yana kula da sirdi Iblis kuma ya tilasta masa ya tashi zuwa ga sarauniya, don samun slippers ga ƙaunataccensa. Oksana ya yi baƙin ciki ga maƙerin da ya ɓace - sannan ya bayyana a dandalin kuma ya jefa kyauta a ƙafafunta. "Babu bukata, babu bukata, zan iya yi ba tare da su ba!" – amsa yarinya cikin soyayya.

An sake yin kida na aikin sau da yawa, tare da kowane sabon salo ya zama mafi asali, an cire lambobin nassi. Wannan ita ce opera guda daya tilo da mawakin da kansa ya dauki nauyin gudanarwa.

Wadanne operas ne suka fi shahara?

Duk da haka, idan muka yi magana game da abin da operas Tchaikovsky ya rubuta, abu na farko da ya zo a hankali shi ne "Eugene Onegin", "The Queen of Spades" и "Iolanta". Kuna iya ƙara zuwa jeri ɗaya "Takalmi" с "Mazepoi".

"Eugene Onegin" – opera wanda libretto ba ya buƙatar cikakken bayani. Nasarar wasan opera ta kasance mai ban mamaki! Har wa yau ya kasance a cikin repertoire na dukkan (!) gidajen opera.

"The Queen of Spades" Har ila yau, an rubuta shi bisa aikin sunan guda AS Pushkin. Abokai sun gaya wa Herman, wanda ke ƙauna da Lisa (a cikin Pushkin, Hermann), labarin katunan nasara guda uku, wanda aka sani ga mai kula da ita, Countess.

Lisa tana so ta sadu da Herman kuma ta yi masa alƙawari a gidan tsohuwar ƙirji. Shi, bayan ya shiga cikin gidan, yayi ƙoƙari ya gano asirin katunan sihiri, amma tsohuwar ƙidaya ta mutu saboda tsoro (daga baya, fatalwar za ta bayyana masa cewa "uku, bakwai, ace").

Lisa, bayan da ta koyi cewa mai sonta mai kisan kai ne, ta jefa kanta a cikin ruwa cikin yanke ƙauna. Kuma Herman, bayan ya lashe wasanni biyu, ya ga sarauniyar spades da fatalwar kirtani maimakon ace a karo na uku. Ya yi hauka kuma ya soki kansa, yana tunawa da hoton Lisa mai haske a cikin mintuna na ƙarshe na rayuwarsa.

Tomsky's Balada daga opera "The Queen of Spades"

Waƙar opera ta ƙarshe ta mawakin ta zama ainihin yabo ga rayuwa - "Iolanta". Gimbiya Iolanta ba ta san makanta ba kuma ba a gaya mata ba. Amma likitan Moorish ya ce idan da gaske tana son gani, waraka yana yiwuwa.

Mawakin Vaudemont, wanda ya shiga gidan ba da gangan, ya bayyana ƙaunarsa ga kyakkyawa kuma ya nemi furen fure a matsayin abin tunawa. Iolanta ya cire farar - ya bayyana a gare shi cewa makauniya ce… Vaudémont yana rera waƙar yabo na gaske ga haske, rana, da rayuwa. Wani sarki a fusace, mahaifin yarinyar, ya bayyana…

Tsoron rayuwar jarumin da ta yi soyayya da shi, Iolanta ya nuna sha'awar ganin haske. Wani abin al'ajabi ya faru: gimbiya ta gani! Sarki René ya albarkaci auren 'yarsa da Vaudemont, kuma kowa yana yabon rana da haske tare.

Monologue na likita Ibn-Khakiya daga "Iolanta"