Melismas |

Girkanci, lambar raka'a melisma - waƙa, waƙa

1) Sassan waƙoƙin waƙa ko dukan waƙoƙin da aka yi a kan saƙo ɗaya na rubutu. Na M. mallaki Dec. iri coloratura, roulades, da dai sauransu wok. kayan ado. A Yammacin Turai. A cikin ilimin kida, ana amfani da kalmar “M” galibi dangane da rera wakokin monophonic da polyphonic na Tsakiyar Tsakiyar kowane saƙon rubutu. M. ya mamaye wani fitaccen wuri a cikin kiɗan ibada na Byzantine (duba kiɗan Byzantine) da kuma cikin waƙar Gregorian. M. suna wakilta sosai a cikin kiɗan mutanen Gabas: don Nar. kuma Prof. kiɗan ƙasashen yamma. Ba su da yawa a Turai. An yi imanin cewa shigar su cikin Turai. al'adun kiɗa yana da alaƙa da Gabas. tasiri. Kishiyar melismatic. waka ita ce ake kira. syllabic singing, wanda a cikinsa akwai sauti guda ɗaya ga kowane harafi na rubutu.

2) A cikin karni na 16-18. kalmar "M". sau da yawa ana amfani dashi a fannin kiɗa. adabi daidai da ainihin ma’anar kalmar a matsayin abin da aka zayyana na kidan da aka rubuta akan wasu rubutun wakoki da nufin rera waka. "Salon melismatic" (stilus melismaticus) a wancan lokacin an fahimci ma'anar rashin cikakken wok. kayan ado, amma salon waƙa mai sauƙi: ya haɗa da samarwa. nau'in waƙa, wanda wasan kwaikwayon ya kasance mai isa ga masu son kiɗan da ba su shirya ba.

3) A cikin ilimin kidan gida, kalmar "M." al'ada ce don zayyana duk kayan ado na kiɗa a cikin kiɗan murya da kiɗan kayan aiki, duka a cikin tsayayyen tsari (harshen harshen wuta, trill, gruppetto, mordent) da haɓakawa kyauta (fiortura, nassi, da sauransu). Duba Ado.

References: 1) Lасh R., Nazarin kan tarihin ci gaban melopцie na ado, Lpz., 1913; Idelsohn AZ, Daidaita tsakanin Gregorian da Ibrananci-Onentali waƙoƙi, «ZfMw», 1921-22, shekara ta 4; Ficker RV, Primary Klangformen, «JbP», 1929, (Bd) 36; Соllаеr Р., La migration du style mйlismatique Oriental vers l'occident, «Journal of the International Folk Music Council», 1964, (v.) 16.

2) Walther JG, Praecepta der Musikalische Composition, Lpz., 1955 (rubutu, 1708), его же, Musikalisches Lexikon, oder Musikalische Bibliothek, Lpz., 1732, Faks., Kassel-Basel, 1953; Mattheson J., Der perfecte Kapellmeister…, Hamb., 1739, sabon bugu, Kassel, 1954.

Vakhromeev