Motsi |

Tushen Jamusanci, Tushen Faransanci, daga lat. motsi - motsi

1) Mafi ƙanƙancin ɓangaren waƙa, jituwa. jeri, wanda ke da ma'anar ma'ana kuma ana iya gane shi a cikin wasu da yawa kama. gine-gine. M. Har ila yau yana wakiltar ƙayyadaddun raka'a mai ginawa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, M. ya haɗa da bugun ƙarfi ɗaya don haka sau da yawa yana daidai da mashaya ɗaya:

L. Beethoven. Sonata don piano op. 111, kashi na II.

Ƙarƙashin wasu sharuɗɗa, ɗan lokaci, girman, nau'in kiɗan. samfur. manyan motifs 2-bar kuma yana yiwuwa:

L. Beethoven. Sonata don piano op. 7, kashi I.

A wasu lokuta, M. yana rarraba zuwa ƙananan sel masu ginawa, wanda ake kira submotives. Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙirar Ƙirar Ƙirar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwa kuma yana wanzu ne kawai a matsayin ɓangare na duka:

F. Chopin. Sonata b-moll don piano, motsi I.

Yawancin lokaci ma'auni ya ƙunshi awoyi masu rauni da ƙarfi ko kuma, akasin haka, ƙarfi da rauni. Akwai kuma M., wanda ya ƙunshi guda ɗaya kawai, mai ƙarfi, lokaci. Ana kiran su m.:

L. Beethoven. Sonata don piano op. 10 No 1, part I.

M. Ana iya haɗa su biyu da uku a cikin jimloli ko cikin manyan gine-gine. A lokaci guda kuma, an raba su a fili da juna ko kuma sun haɗu zuwa ɗaya. A wasu lokuta, ci gaba, waƙa mai haɗawa. rarrabuwa zuwa dalilai ya zama ba zai yiwu ba.

M. ko jere na M. (yawanci biyu), wanda da waƙar ke farawa. jigon samfurin homophonic, ya samar da ainihin sa. Ƙarin ci gaba a cikin jigon yana kawo wasu canje-canje a cikin farkon M. ko sabon M. A ƙarshen jigon, sautin M na ƙarshe. Taken yana ƙarƙashin nau'in aikin gaba ɗaya, wanda aka kwatanta shi da sauran jigogi kuma yana haɓaka. Ci gaban jigogi ya ƙunshi galibi a cikin maimaita riƙe sassa. bambance-bambancen jigo guda ɗaya, ƙetare (waɗansu) ɗaiɗaikun dalilai daga cikinsa, da cin karo da su da dalilan wasu jigogi.

Na musamman tashin hankali thematically. ci gaba ya kai ga ci gaban nau'in sonata. Wannan ci gaban galibi ci gaba ne na jimlar jimloli, M. – “gutsuwar” batutuwan da aka ambata a baya. A lokaci guda, M. za a iya ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwa. canje-canje. Tazara tsakanin su, alkiblar waƙa na iya canzawa. motsi (hawan hawa don maye gurbinsu da saukowa, da akasin haka), jituwarsu. cika; za su iya shiga ciki. irin polyphonic. haɗi. A lokaci guda, rhythmic ya kasance mafi kwanciyar hankali. zanen halittunsa ne. canje-canje a wasu lokuta na iya lalatar da M. da aka bayar gaba ɗaya kuma su ƙirƙiri, a zahiri, sabo.

Wasu kiɗa. samfur. wakiltar ci gaba da ci gaba na M. A cikinsu, kawai daga lokaci zuwa lokaci sabon M. ya bayyana, tare da shi, duk da haka, ta hanyar sauti na babba ko wakiltar bambance-bambancen sa. Ee, kiɗa. Haɓaka a cikin motsi na farko na wasan kwaikwayo na Beethoven na 5th ya biyo baya daga madaidaicin bugun bugun farko:

Irin wannan ci gaba mai tsayi na M. yana da wakilci sosai a cikin ayyukan Beethoven da Schumann.

Ƙoƙarin farko na haɓaka koyaswar M. an yi su ne a bene na 2. Karni na 18 I. Mattheson, J. Ripel da GK Koch. A lokaci guda, kalmar "M". ba su nema ba. Ya samo asali ne daga Italiya, inda ake nufi a cikin karni na 18. main thematic aria core. An ba da gudummawa mafi mahimmanci ga koyaswar M. a cikin karni na 19. AB Marx da kuma musamman X. Riemann. Ba kamar R. Westphal da T. Wiemeyer ba, Riemann ya fahimci kiɗa ba kawai a matsayin tsarin rhythmic ba, amma har ma a matsayin haɗin kai na rhythmic, melodic, harmonic, dynamic, and timbre dalilai.

Rashin rauni na koyarwar Riemannian na M. shine sanin ainihin wanzuwar iambic kawai (daga raunin rauni zuwa mai ƙarfi), amma ba choreic M. A Rasha, koyarwar M. ta kasance ta SI Taneev.

2) A cikin ma'anar yau da kullum - waƙa, waƙa, waƙa.

References: Catuar G., Siffar kiɗa, sashe na 1-2, M., 1934-36; Sposobin IV, Siffar Kiɗa, M.-L., 1947, M., 1962; Mazel L., Tsarin ayyukan kiɗa, M., 1960; Tyulin Yu. N., Tsarin magana na kiɗa, L., 1962; Arzamanov F., SI Taneev - malamin koyarwar nau'ikan kiɗa, M., 1963; Mazel L., Zukkerman V., Nazarin ayyukan kiɗa, sashi na 1, M., 1967. Duba kuma lit. karkashin labarin Musical form.

VP Bobrovsky