Lev Nikolaevich Revutsky |

Lev Revutsky

Wani muhimmin mataki a cikin tarihin kiɗa na Soviet na Ukrainian yana hade da sunan L. Revutsky. Ƙirƙirar al'adun gargajiyar mawallafin ƙanana ne - 2 symphonies, wasan kwaikwayo na piano, sonata da jerin miniatures don pianoforte, 2 cantatas ("Hannun hannu" bisa waƙar T. Shevchenko "Ban yi tafiya a ranar Lahadi ba" da kuma murya-symphonic. waƙar “Ode to a Song” bisa ga ayoyin M. Rylsky) , waƙoƙi, ƙungiyar mawaƙa da fiye da 120 na daidaitawa na waƙoƙin jama'a. Duk da haka, yana da wuya a wuce gona da iri kan gudummawar da mawakin ke bayarwa ga al'adun ƙasa. Waƙarsa ita ce misali na farko na wannan nau'in a cikin kiɗan ƙwararrun Ukrainian, Symphony na Biyu ya kafa harsashin wasan kwaikwayo na Soviet Union na Ukrainian. Tarinsa da zagayowar gyare-gyare sun haɓaka al'adun gargajiya waɗanda irin su N. Lysenko, K. Stetsenko, Ya tsara. Stepova. Revutsky shi ne ya fara aiwatar da tarihin Soviet.

Ranar farin ciki na aikin mawaƙa ya zo a cikin 20s. kuma ya zo daidai da lokacin saurin girma na asalin ƙasa, nazarin aiki na tarihi da al'adunsa na baya. A wannan lokacin, an sami karuwar sha'awar fasaha na karni na 1921, wanda ke cike da ruhin anti-serfdom. (musamman ga aikin T. Shevchenko, I. Franko, L. Ukrainka), ga fasahar jama'a. A cikin 1919, an buɗe ofishin kiɗa da ƙabilanci a Kyiv a Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyya ta Ukrainian SSR, tarin waƙoƙin jama'a da karatun almara ta manyan masana tarihin K. Kvitka, G. Verevka, N. Leontovich, da mujallu na kiɗa. aka buga. Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwallon Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Farko ta bayyana (XNUMX), ɗakunan ɗakin dakuna, wuraren wasan kwaikwayo na kida na kasa sun bude. A cikin wadannan shekaru ne aka kafa aesthetics na Revutsky, kusan dukkanin ayyukansa mafi kyau sun bayyana. Cike da tushe cikin mafi kyawun fasahar jama'a, kiɗan Revutsky ya shagaltu da waƙoƙinsa na musamman na gaskiya da faɗin almara, haske na tunani da haske. An siffanta ta da jituwa na gargajiya, daidaito, yanayin kyakkyawan fata mai haske.

Revutsky an haife shi a cikin iyalin kiɗa mai hankali. Sau da yawa ana gudanar da kide-kide a gida, inda kiɗan I, S. Bach, WA ​​Mozart, F. Schubert ya busa. Da wuri yaron ya saba da waƙar jama'a. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 5, Revutsky ya fara nazarin kiɗa tare da mahaifiyarsa, sannan tare da malaman larduna daban-daban. A 1903, ya shiga Kyiv School of Music and Drama, inda malamin piano ya kasance N. Lysenko, fitaccen mawaki kuma wanda ya kafa ƙwararrun kiɗan Ukrainian. Duk da haka, sha'awar Revutsky a cikin samartaka ba kawai a kan music, kuma a 1908 ya shiga Faculty of Physics da lissafi da kuma Faculty of Law na Kyiv University. A layi daya, mawaƙin nan gaba yana halartar laccoci a Makarantar Kiɗa ta RMO. A cikin wadannan shekaru, akwai wata kungiyar wasan opera mai karfi a Kyiv, wadda ta shirya wasannin gargajiya na Rasha da Yammacin Turai; An gudanar da kide-kide na kade-kade da wake-wake a cikin tsari, irin fitattun ’yan wasa da mawaka kamar S. Rachmaninov, A. Scriabin, V. Landovskaya, F. Chaliapin, L. Sobinov sun zagaya. A hankali, rayuwar kiɗan birni tana ɗaukar Revutsky, kuma, ya ci gaba da karatunsa a jami'a, ya shiga ɗakin karatu wanda ya buɗe kan makarantar a cikin aji na R. Gliere (1913). Duk da haka, yakin da kuma korar duk cibiyoyin ilimi da ke da alaka da shi ya katse nazarin tsarin. A 1916, Revutsky sauke karatu daga jami'a da kuma Conservatory a wani hanzari taki (bangaren biyu na farko Symphony da kuma da dama piano guda aka gabatar a matsayin aikin rubutun). A cikin 2, ya ƙare a gaban Riga. Sai bayan juyin juya halin gurguzu na Oktoba mai girma, ya koma gida zuwa Irzhavets, mawakin ya shiga cikin ayyukan kirkire-kirkire - ya rubuta soyayya, shahararrun wakoki, mawaka, da daya daga cikin mafi kyawun abubuwan da ya kirkira, cantata The Handkerchief (1917).

A 1924, Revutsky koma Kyiv da kuma fara koyarwa a Music da Drama Institute, da kuma bayan da division a cikin wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo jami'a da kuma Conservatory, ya koma cikin sashen na abun da ke ciki a Conservatory, inda a shekaru da yawa na aiki, a dukan. Taurari na gwanin Ukrainian composers sun bar ajinsa - P da G. Mayboroda, A. Filippenko, G. Zhukovsky, V. Kireyko, A. Kolomiets. Ra'ayoyin kirkire-kirkire na mawallafin an bambanta su ta hanyar faɗi da yawa. Amma wurin tsakiya a cikinsu yana cikin shirye-shiryen waƙoƙin jama'a - ban dariya da tarihi, lyrical da al'ada. Wannan shi ne yadda zagayowar "The Sun, Galician Songs" da tarin "Cossack Songs" suka bayyana, wanda ya mamaye wani muhimmin wuri a gadon mawallafin. Zurfin wadatar tatsuniyoyi na harshe a cikin haɗin kai tare da ƙirƙira da aka warware ta al'adun ƙwararrun kiɗan zamani, tsantsar waƙoƙin da ke kusa da waƙoƙin jama'a, da waƙa sun zama alamomin rubutun hannu na Revutsky. Misalin da ya fi daukar hankali na irin wannan sake tunani na fasaha na tatsuniyoyi shi ne Symphony ta biyu (1927), da Piano Concerto (1936) da kuma bambance-bambancen ban mamaki na Cossack.

A cikin 30s. mawaƙin ya rubuta ƙungiyar mawaƙa na yara, kiɗan don shirya fina-finai da wasan kwaikwayo, kayan aikin kayan aiki ("Ballad" don cello, "Moldavian lullaby" na oboe da string orchestra). Daga 1936 zuwa 1955 Revutsky ya tsunduma cikin kammalawa da kuma gyara babban halittar malaminsa - wasan opera N. Lysenko "Taras Bulba". Tare da barkewar yaki, Revutsky ya koma Tashkent kuma ya yi aiki a Conservatory. Babban wuri a cikin aikinsa yanzu yana mamaye waƙar kishin ƙasa.

A 1944 Revutsky koma Kyiv. Yana ɗaukar mawallafin ƙoƙari da lokaci mai yawa don dawo da ƙima na wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu da wasan kwaikwayo da aka rasa a lokacin yaƙin - yana rubuta su a zahiri daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, yana yin canje-canje. Daga cikin sabbin ayyukan akwai "Ode to a Song" da "Waƙar Jam'iyya", da aka rubuta a matsayin wani ɓangare na cantata gama gari. Na dogon lokaci, Revutsky ya jagoranci Union of Composers na Ukrainian SSR, da kuma za'ayi wata babbar adadin edita aiki a kan tattara ayyukan Lysenko. Har zuwa kwanaki na arshe na rayuwarsa, Revutsky ya yi aiki a matsayin malami, ya buga articles, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin abokin adawa a cikin kare dissertation.

… Da zarar, riga da aka gane a matsayin dattijo na Ukrainian music, Lev Nikolayevich kokarin kimanta ya m hanya a art da aka damu da kananan adadin opuses saboda m, bita na ƙãre qagaggun. Me ya sa ya dage da sake komawa ga abin da ya rubuta? Kokarin samun kamala, ga gaskiya da kyawu, daidaici da halin rashin tawakkali wajen tantance aikin mutum. Wannan ko da yaushe ya ƙayyade m credo Revutsky, kuma a ƙarshe, dukan rayuwarsa.

O. Dashevskaya