Henriette Sontag |

Henrietta Sontag

Henrietta Sontag ɗaya ce daga cikin mawaƙan Turai da aka yi bikin a ƙarni na XNUMX. Ta mallaki sautin sono, mai sassauƙa, muryar wayar hannu da ba a saba gani ba na kyakkyawan katako, tare da babban rijistar sonorous. Halin fasaha na mawaƙa yana kusa da virtuoso coloratura da sassa na lyrical a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Mozart, Weber, Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti.

Henrietta Sontag (ainihin suna Gertrude Walpurgis-Sontag; mijin Rossi) an haife shi a ranar 3 ga Janairu, 1806 a Koblenz, a cikin dangin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Ta dauki mataki tun tana yarinya. Matashin mai zane ya ƙware ƙwarewar murya a Prague: a cikin 1816-1821 ta yi karatu a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na gida. Ta fara wasanta na farko a 1820 akan matakin wasan opera na Prague. Bayan haka, ta rera waka a babban birnin kasar Ostiriya. Yaɗuwar suna ya sa ta shiga cikin shirye-shiryen wasan opera na Weber "Evryanta". A cikin 1823 K.-M. Weber, da ya ji Sontag yana rera waƙa, ya umarce ta da ta kasance ta farko da ta fara yin rawar a cikin sabuwar opera. Matashin mawakin bai baci ba kuma ya rera waka da babbar nasara.

A cikin 1824, L. Beethoven ya ba Sontag, tare da mawaƙan Hungary Caroline Ungar, don yin sassa na solo a cikin Mass in D Major da Symphony na Tara.

A lokacin da aka yi Babban Mass da Symphony tare da mawaƙa, Henrietta tana da shekaru ashirin, Caroline tana da shekaru ashirin da ɗaya. Beethoven ya san mawakan biyu na watanni da yawa; ya ɗauke su. Ya rubuta wa ɗan’uwansa Johann cewa: “Tun da yake sun yi ƙoƙari su sumbace hannuna, kuma da yake suna da kyau sosai, na gwammace in ba su leɓuna don sumba.”

Ga abin da E. Herriot ya ce: "Caroline yana da ban sha'awa don samun wani bangare na kanta a cikin "Melusine", wanda Beethoven ya shirya rubutawa akan rubutun Grillparzer. Schindler ya bayyana cewa "wannan shi ne Iblis da kansa, cike da wuta da fantasy". Tunanin Sontag don Fidelio. Beethoven ya ba su amanar manyan ayyukansa guda biyu. Amma maimaitawa, kamar yadda muka gani, ba su da matsala. "Kai azzalumi ne na murya," Caroline ta gaya masa. Henrietta ta tambaye shi, "Wadannan manyan bayanan rubutu, za ku iya maye gurbinsu?" Mawaƙin ya ƙi ya canza ko da ɗan daki-daki, don yin ɗan rangwame ga hanyar Italiyanci, don maye gurbin rubutu ɗaya. Koyaya, an yarda Henrietta ta rera ɓangaren muryar mezzo. Matasan matan sun riƙe mafi kyawun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar wannan haɗin gwiwa, shekaru da yawa bayan haka sun yarda cewa duk lokacin da suka shiga ɗakin Beethoven tare da irin wannan jin da masu bi suka ketare kofa na haikalin.

A cikin wannan shekarar, Sontag zai sami nasara a Leipzig a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na The Free Gunner da Evryants. A cikin 1826, a birnin Paris, mawaƙiyar ta rera sassan Rosina a cikin Rossini's The Barber of Seville, tana burge ƴan kallo masu ban sha'awa tare da bambance-bambancenta a wurin darasin waƙa.

Shahararriyar mawakiyar tana karuwa daga wasan kwaikwayo zuwa wasan kwaikwayo. Daya bayan daya sabbin garuruwan turawa suna shiga yawon shakatawarta. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Sontag ya yi wasa a Brussels, The Hague, London.

Yarima Pückler-Muskau mai ban sha'awa, wanda ya sadu da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo a London a 1828, nan da nan ta rinjaye ta. Yakan ce: “Idan ni sarki ne, da na yarda ta tafi da ni. Ta yi kama da ɗan yaudara.” Pückler yana sha'awar Henrietta da gaske. “Tana rawa kamar mala’ika; tana da ban mamaki sabo da kyakkyawa, a lokaci guda mai tawali'u, mai mafarki kuma mafi kyawun sautin.

Pückler ya sadu da ita a von Bulow's, ya ji ta a Don Giovanni, ya gaishe ta a baya, ya sake saduwa da ita a wani wasan kwaikwayo a Duke na Devonshire, inda mawaƙin ya yi wa yariman zagi da zagi marar lahani. Sontag ya sami karbuwa cikin farin ciki a cikin al'ummar Ingilishi. Esterhazy, Clenwilliam suna cike da sha'awar ta. Püclair ta ɗauki Henriette don hawa, ta ziyarci kewayen Greenwich a cikin kamfaninta, kuma, gaba ɗaya ta burge, tana marmarin aurenta. Yanzu ya yi magana game da Sontag da wata murya dabam: “Abin ban mamaki ne da gaske yadda wannan yarinyar ta riƙe tsarkinta da rashin laifi a irin wannan yanayi; Tushen da ke rufe fatar 'ya'yan itacen ya riƙe duk sabo.

A cikin 1828, Sontag ya auri asirce da jami'in diflomasiyyar Italiya Count Rossi, wanda a lokacin shi ne wakilin Sardina a Hague. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, Sarkin Prussian ya ɗaukaka mawaƙa zuwa manyan mutane.

Pückler ya yi baƙin ciki ƙwarai da shan kayensa kamar yadda yanayinsa zai yarda. A cikin wurin shakatawa na Muskau, ya kafa bust na mai zane. Lokacin da ta mutu a cikin 1854 yayin tafiya zuwa Mexico, yariman ya gina haikalin gaske don tunawa da ita a Branitsa.

Wataƙila ƙarshen hanyar fasaha ta Sontag ita ce zamanta a St. Petersburg da Moscow a 1831. Masu sauraron Rasha sun yaba da fasaha na mawaƙin Jamus. Zhukovsky da Vyazemsky sun yi magana game da ita cikin sha'awa, mawaƙa da yawa sun sadaukar da waƙoƙin wakoki. Da yawa daga baya Stasov ya lura da ita "kyakkyawan Raphaelian da alherin magana."

Sontag da gaske ya mallaki muryar robobi da ba kasafai ba da kyawun launi. Ta ci nasara a kan mutanen zamaninta a cikin wasan kwaikwayo da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. Ba don komai ba ne 'yan uwan ​​mawaƙin suka kira ta "German nightingale."

Wataƙila wannan shine dalilin da ya sa shahararriyar soyayyar Alyabyev ta ja hankalinta na musamman a lokacin rangadin da take yi a Moscow. Ya yi magana game da wannan dalla-dalla a cikin littafinsa mai ban sha'awa "Shafukan AA Alyabyeva" masanin kiɗan B. Steinpress. “Ta kasance tana son waƙar Rasha ta Alyabyev “The Nightingale,” in ji darektan Moscow A.Ya. ga dan uwansa. Bulgakov ya ba da misalin kalmomin mawaƙin: “Yarinyar ku kyakkyawa ta rera mani ita wata rana, kuma na ji daɗinsa sosai; Dole ne ku tsara ayoyin a matsayin bambancin, wannan aria ana son shi sosai kuma ina so in rera shi". Kowa ya yarda da ra'ayinta sosai, kuma… an yanke shawarar cewa za ta rera… "Nightingale". Nan take ta tsara wani kyakkyawan salo, sai na kuskura na raka ta; bata yarda cewa ban san ko rubutu daya ba. Kowa ya fara watsewa, na zauna da ita har kusan karfe hudu, ta sake maimaita kalmomi da kidan Nightingale, bayan ta shiga cikin wannan kidan, kuma, hakika, za ta faranta wa kowa rai.

Kuma haka ya faru ne a ranar 28 ga Yuli, 1831, lokacin da mai zane-zane ya yi soyayyar Alyabyev a wani ball da Gwamna-Janar na Moscow ya shirya don girmama ta. Sha'awa ta fyauce, amma duk da haka a cikin manyan al'umma ƙwararriyar mawaƙi ba ta iya taimakawa ta zama mai raini. Ana iya yin hukunci da wannan ta hanyar jumla ɗaya daga wasiƙar Pushkin. Da yake tsawatar wa matarsa ​​game da halartar ɗaya daga cikin ƙwallo, mawaƙin ya rubuta: “Ba na son matata ta je inda maigidan ya ƙyale kansa da rashin kulawa da kuma raini. Ba ku m-lle Sontag ba, wanda ake kiran maraice, sa'an nan kuma ba su kalle ta ba.

A farkon 30s, Sontag ya bar matakin opera, amma ya ci gaba da yin kide-kide. A 1838, rabo ya sake kawo ta zuwa St. Petersburg. Shekaru shida mijinta, Count of Rossi, shi ne jakadan Sardinia a nan.

A cikin 1848, matsalolin kuɗi sun tilasta Sontag komawa gidan wasan opera. Duk da dogon hutun da ta yi, sabbin nasarorin da ta samu sun biyo baya a London, Brussels, Paris, Berlin, sannan kuma a ketare. Lokaci na ƙarshe da aka saurare ta shine a babban birnin Mexico. A can ta mutu kwatsam a ranar 17 ga Yuni, 1854.