Fugetta |

ital. fughetta, lit. - kananan fugue; Faransanci, Turanci fughetta; Jamus Fughetta, Fughetta

Mai sauƙi mai sauƙi dangane da abun ciki na fasaha da hasashe, dabarun haɗawa da rubutu, fugue (1).

F. yawanci ana rubuta su don sashin jiki ko ph. (wasu masu wasan kwaikwayo ba su da yawa: ƙungiyar mawaƙa "Mafi daɗi fiye da zuma kalma ce mai daɗi" daga aikin 1st na opera "Amaryar Tsar", ƙungiyar makaɗa ta intermezzo daga bugu na 1st na opera "Mozart da Salieri" na Rimsky-Korsakov). A matsayinka na mai mulki, F. ba ya ƙunshi hadaddun ci gaba na muses masu mahimmanci. tunani, motsinsa yana aunawa, halin ya fi sau da yawa tunani (org. shirye-shiryen choral ta J. Pachelbel), lyric-contemplative (F. d-moll Bach, BWV 899), wani lokacin scherzo (F. G-dur Bach, BWV). 902). Wannan yana ƙayyade bayyanar jigogi na F. - yawanci ƙanana da santsi (amfani da waƙoƙin waƙa shine na hali: Uku F. don piano akan jigogi na Rasha ta Rimsky-Korsakov, piano Prelude da Fugue "A kan Safiya na bazara a kan Lawn "Op. 61 na Kablevsky). A yawancin lokuta, maƙalar F. saboda ƙananan girmansa, duk da haka, fahimtar kalmomin "F." da "kananan fugue" kamar yadda ma'anar ma'ana ba koyaushe ake barata ba (a cikin c-moll fugue daga ƙarar 2nd na Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier, ma'auni 28; a cikin clavier F. No 3 a D-dur ta Handel, 100 matakan). Ba shi yiwuwa a zana layi mai tsabta tsakanin F., fugue da ƙananan fugue (Fp. F. No 4 op. 126 na Schumann shine ainihin fugue; Fp. Fugues op. 43 na Myaskovsky suna kama da F.).

F. an gina su bisa ka'ida ta hanyar da "manyan" fugues (duba, misali, sau biyu F. No4 C-dur don Handel's clavier, org. F. zuwa Pachelbel's chorale), amma suna da yawa a cikin sikelin. Mafi cikakke kuma barga ginin nunin; sashin haɓakawa na nau'in yawanci ƙanana ne - ba fiye da rukuni ɗaya na gabatarwa (a yawancin lokuta, mawaƙa suna la'akari da tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsaki ko na kwaikwayo don isa: org. choral F. “Allein Gott in der Höch' sei Ehr” na Bach , BWV 677); sashin ƙarshe na nau'in galibi yana iyakance ga haɗin kai. aiwatar da jigon (fp. F. a h-moll op. 9 No 3 na Čiurlionis). Ko da yake ba a cire yin amfani da hadaddun nau'i na contrapuntal ba (canon marar iyaka a cikin F. No 4 a C-dur ta Handel, sanduna 10-15, juyar da jigo a cikin F. daga "Polyphonic Notebook" na piano Shchedrin, stretta a cikin girma a cikin piano F. a d-moll ta Arensky), duk da haka sauƙaƙan nau'ikan kwaikwayo na F. sune al'ada. F. yana faruwa a matsayin mai zaman kansa. samfur. (F. c-moll Bach, BWV 961), kamar yadda bambancin (No 10 da 16 a Bach's Goldberg Variations, No 24, a Beethoven's Variations on a Waltz by Diabelli, F. on Rimsky-Korsakov's BACH theme in Paraphrases "), kamar yadda wani ɓangare na sake zagayowar ("Mini Suite" don sashin jiki, op. 20 na Ledenev). Akwai ra'ayi cewa F. na iya zama wani sashe na babban gabaɗaya (Praut, ch. X), amma a irin waɗannan lokuta, F. kusan baya bambanta da fugato. F. sau da yawa kafin shiga. yanki shine share fage ko fantasy (Fantasies da F. B-dur, Bach D-dur, BWV 907, 908); F. yawanci ana haɗa su cikin tarin ko hawan keke (Baxa's Preludes da Fughettas, BWV 899-902, Handel's Six Fugues for Organ ko Harpsichord, op. 3, Schumann's Four Fp. F. op. 126). A 17 - 1st bene. Karni na 18 org. F. a matsayin nau'i na sarrafa waƙar chorale (yawanci kawai don litattafai) an yi amfani dashi akai-akai kuma ta hanyoyi daban-daban (J. Pachelbel, JKF Fischer, JK Bach, JG Walter). Cikakkun samfurori na JS Bach (wasu org. F. daga kashi na 3 na "Clavier Exercises" sun kasance mafi sauƙi nau'i na manual na manyan shirye-shiryen choral: misali, "Dies sind die heilgen zehn Gebot", BWV 678 da 679); kananan preludes da fugues ga gabobin (BWV 553-560) da kuma F. domin clavier Bach nufi ga pedagogical. raga. Mawaƙan bene na 2. 18th-19th ƙarni (WF Bach, L. Beethoven, A. Reich, R. Schumann, NA Rimsky-Korsakov) ya juya zuwa F. da yawa kasa akai-akai; a cikin karni na 20 ya zama tartsatsi a cikin koyarwa da ilmantarwa. repertoire (SM Maykapar, AF Gedike da sauransu).

References: Zolotarev VA, Jagoran Fuga don nazarin aiki, M., 1932, 1965; Dmitriev AN, Polyphony a matsayin factor na siffa, L., 1962; Rrout E., Fugue, L., 1894, 1900 Duba kuma lit. ku Art. Fugu.

VP Frayonov