Tarihin Ukulele

Tarihin ukulele ya samo asali ne daga Turai, inda a cikin karni na 18th an dade da bunkasa kayan kirtani masu kirtani. Asalin ukulele ya samo asali ne daga buƙatar mawaƙa masu tafiya a lokacin don samun ƙananan gita da lutes. Dangane da wannan bukata, da cavaquinho , kakan ukulele, ya bayyana a Portugal.

Labarin malamai hudu

A cikin karni na 19, a cikin 1879, masu sana'a na Portuguese guda hudu sun tafi daga Madeira zuwa Hawaii, suna son yin kasuwanci a can. Amma kayan daki masu tsada ba su sami buƙatu ba a tsakanin talakawan Hawaii. Sai abokai suka koma yin kayan kida. Musamman, sun samar da cavaquinhos, wanda aka ba da sabon salo da sunan "uklele" a cikin tsibirin Hawai.

Me kuma za a yi a Hawaii amma kunna ukulele?

Masana tarihi ba su da ingantaccen bayani game da yadda ya bayyana, da kuma dalilin da yasa wani takamaiman tsarin ukulele ya tashi. Abin da kawai kimiyya ta sani shi ne cewa wannan kayan aikin da sauri ya sami ƙaunar Hawaii.

Gitarar Hawaii sun kasance a kusa da mu tsawon daruruwan shekaru, amma asalinsu yana da ban sha'awa sosai. Ukuleles yawanci suna da alaƙa da Hawaiian, amma an haɓaka su a cikin 1880s daga kayan kirtani na Portuguese. Kimanin shekaru 100 bayan ƙirƙirar su, ukuleles sun sami karɓuwa a cikin Amurka da ƙasashen waje. To ta yaya duk wannan ya faru?

Tarihin bayyanar

Ko da yake ukulele wani kayan aikin Hawaii ne na musamman, tushensa yana komawa Portugal, zuwa kayan kirtani na kawakinho. Cavaquinho ƙarami-fi-guitar kayan kirtani ne da aka ɗebo tare da kunnawa mai kama da na farko kirtani huɗu na guitar. A shekara ta 1850, gonakin sukari ya zama babban ƙarfin tattalin arziki a Hawaii kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin ma'aikata. Yawancin raƙuman baƙi sun zo tsibirin, ciki har da babban adadin Portuguese waɗanda suka kawo cavaquinhas tare da su.

Tatsuniyar ta nuna farkon fara hauka na kawakinho na Hawaii a ranar 23 ga Agusta, 1879. Jirgin ruwa mai suna "Ravenscrag" ya isa tashar jiragen ruwa na Honolulu kuma ya sauke fasinjojinsa bayan tafiya mai wahala a kan tekun. Ɗaya daga cikin fasinjojin ya fara rera waƙoƙin godiya don ƙarshe ya isa wurin da suke da shi da kuma kunna kiɗan gargajiya a kan cavaquinha. Labarin ya ci gaba da cewa mutanen yankin sun ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayon da ya yi kuma aka yi wa kayan aikin laƙabi da “Jumping Flea” (ɗaya daga cikin fassarorin da za a iya yi don ukulele) don yadda sauri yatsansa ke tafiya a kan fretboard. Ko da yake, irin wannan sigar bayyanar sunan ukulele ba shi da wata tabbataccen shaida. A lokaci guda kuma, babu shakka cewa "Ravenscrag" ya kawo ma'aikatan katako guda uku na Portuguese: Augusto Diaz, Manuel Nunez da José zuwa Espírito Santo, kowannensu ya fara yin kayan aiki bayan ya biya kuɗin tafiya yayin aiki a cikin filayen sukari. A cikin hannayensu, kawakinha, wanda ya canza girma da siffar, ya sami sabon kunnawa wanda ke ba ukulele sauti na musamman da kuma iya wasa.

Rarraba ukulele

Ukuleles ya zo Amurka ne bayan mamaye tsibiran Hawai. Kololuwar shaharar kayan aikin da ba a saba gani ba daga wata ƙasa mai ban mamaki ga Amurkawa ta zo a cikin 20s na ƙarni na XX.

Bayan faduwar kasuwar hannun jari ta shekarar 1929, shaharar ukulele a Amurka ta ragu. Kuma an maye gurbin shi da kayan aiki mai ƙarfi - banjolele.

Amma da karshen yakin duniya na biyu, wani bangare na sojojin Amurka sun dawo gida daga Hawaii. Tsojoji sun kawo tare da su m abubuwan tunawa - ukuleles. Don haka a Amurka, sha'awar wannan kayan aikin ya sake tashi.

A cikin shekarun 1950, an fara samun bunƙasa na gaske a cikin samar da kayayyakin filastik a Amurka. Har ila yau, ukuleles na yara na filastik daga kamfanin Maccaferri ya bayyana, wanda ya zama sanannen kyauta.

Kyakkyawan talla ga kayan aikin kuma shine gaskiyar cewa tauraron TV na lokacin Arthur Godfrey ya buga ukulele.

A cikin 60s da 70s, wanda ya shahara da kayan aikin shine Tiny Tim, mawaƙi, mawaki kuma mawallafin kiɗa.

Sa'an nan, har zuwa 2000s, duniyar kiɗan pop ta mamaye duniya ta guitar guitar. Kuma kawai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da ci gaban yanar gizo da kuma shigo da kayayyaki marasa tsada daga kasar Sin, ukuleles sun fara samun karbuwa kuma.

Popularity da ukulele

Shahararriyar ukulele ta Hawaii ta sami tabbacin goyon baya da goyon bayan dangin sarauta. Sarkin Hawai, Sarki David Kalakauna, yana son ukulele sosai har ya sanya ta cikin raye-rayen gargajiya da kade-kade na Hawaii. Shi da 'yar uwarsa, Liliʻuokalani (wanda za ta zama sarauniya bayansa), za su fafata a gasar rubuta waƙoƙin ukulele. Gidan sarauta sun tabbatar da cewa ukulele yana da alaƙa gabaɗaya tare da al'adun kiɗa da rayuwar Hawaiian.

Ba dauriya

Shahararriyar ukulele a babban yankin ta ragu bayan shekarun 1950 tare da farawa da farkon alfijir na zamanin dutse da nadi. Inda kafin kowane yaro ya so ya yi wasa ukulele, yanzu suna so su zama virtuoso guitarists. Amma sauƙin wasa da sauti na musamman na ukulele yana taimaka masa ya koma yanzu kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan kayan kida a tsakanin matasa!