Alexander Vasilyevich Gauk |

Alexander Gauk

Mawaƙin Jama'a na RSFSR (1954). A cikin 1917 ya sauke karatu daga Petrograd Conservatory, inda ya karanta piano na EP Daugovet, na VP Kalafati, J. Vitol, da NN Cherepnin ya jagoranci. Sa'an nan ya zama shugaba na Petrograd Theatre na Musical Drama. A cikin 1920-31 ya kasance shugaba a Leningrad Opera da Ballet gidan wasan kwaikwayo, inda ya fi gudanar da ballets (Glazunov's The Four Seasons, Stravinsky's Pulcinella, Gliere's The Red Poppy, da dai sauransu). Ya yi a matsayin madugu na simphony. A 1930-33 ya kasance babban darektan na Leningrad Philharmonic, a 1936-41 - na Jihar Symphony Orchestra na Tarayyar Soviet, a 1933-36 shugaba, a 1953-62 babban shugaba da kuma m darektan Bolshoi Symphony Orchestra na All. -Union Radio.

Ayyukan ban mamaki sun mamaye wuri na musamman a cikin bambance-bambancen repertoire na Gauk. A karkashin jagorancinsa, ayyuka da dama na DD Shostakovich, N. Ya. Myaskovsky, AI Khachaturian, Yu. A. Shaporin da sauran mawakan Soviet aka fara yi. Ayyukan koyarwa na Gauk sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka fasahar jagoran Soviet. A 1927-33 da 1946-48 ya koyar a Leningrad Conservatory, a 1941-43 a Tbilisi Conservatory, a 1939-63 a Moscow Conservatory, kuma tun 1948 ya zama farfesa. Daliban Gauk sun haɗa da EA Mravinsky, A. Sh. Melik-Pashaev, KA Simeonov, EP Grikurov, EF Svetlanov, NS Rabinovich, ES Mikeladze, da sauransu.

Marubucin kade-kade, symphonietta na mawakan kirtani, overture, kide kide da makada (na garaya, piano), soyayya da sauran ayyukan. Ya kunna wasan opera The Marriage by Mussorgsky (1917), The Seasons and 2 cycles of Tchaikovsky's romances (1942), da dai sauransu. Ya mayar da wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Rachmaninov ta amfani da muryoyin kade-kade da suka tsira. An buga surori daga abubuwan tunawa na Gauk a cikin tarin "The Mastery of the Performing Artist", M., 1.

"Mafarkin gudanarwa ya kasance a hannuna tun ina da shekaru uku," Gauck ya rubuta a cikin abubuwan tunawa. Kuma tun yana ƙarami, ya ci gaba da ƙoƙarin ganin ya cimma wannan mafarkin. A St. Petersburg Conservatory, Gauk ya yi karatun piano tare da F. Blumenfeld, sannan ya yi karatu tare da V. Kalafati, I. Vitol da A. Glazunov, ya ƙware fasahar gudanarwa ƙarƙashin jagorancin N. Cherepnin.

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga ɗakin karatu a cikin shekarar Babban Juyin Oktoba, Gauk ya fara aikinsa a matsayin mai rakiya a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Musical Drama. Kuma 'yan kwanaki bayan nasarar da Tarayyar Soviet ta samu, ya fara tsayawa a dandalin wasan opera na farko. Ranar 1 ga Nuwamba (bisa ga tsohon salon) an yi "Cherevichki" na Tchaikovsky.

Gauk ya zama ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙa na farko wanda ya yanke shawarar ba da basirarsa ga hidimar mutane. A lokacin da m shekaru na yakin basasa, ya yi a gaban sojojin na Red Army a matsayin wani ɓangare na wani m brigade, da kuma a tsakiyar XNUMX, tare da Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra ya tafi Svirstroy, Pavlovsk da Sestroretsk. Don haka, an buɗe taskokin al'adun duniya a gaban sabbin masu sauraro.

Muhimmiyar rawa a cikin m ci gaban da artist aka taka a cikin shekaru lokacin da ya jagoranci Leningrad Philharmonic Orchestra (1931-1533). Gauk ya kira wannan tawagar "malaminsa." Amma a nan an sami wadatar juna - Gauk yana da muhimmiyar fa'ida wajen inganta ƙungiyar makaɗa, wanda daga baya ya yi suna a duniya. Kusan lokaci guda, ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo na mawaƙin sun haɓaka. A matsayin babban jagoran wasan kwaikwayo na Opera da Ballet Theater (tsohon Mariinsky), a tsakanin sauran ayyukan, ya gabatar da masu sauraro tare da samfurori na matasan Soviet choreography - V. Deshevov's "Red Whirlwind" (1924), "Golden Age" (1930). da kuma "Bolt" (1931) D. Shostakovich.

A 1933, Gauk ya koma Moscow kuma har zuwa 1936 ya yi aiki a matsayin babban shugaba na All-Union Radio. Dangantakarsa da mawakan Soviet ta ƙara ƙarfafa. "A cikin waɗannan shekarun," in ji shi, "wani lokaci mai ban sha'awa, mai ban sha'awa kuma mai ban sha'awa a tarihin kiɗa na Soviet ya fara ... Nikolai Yakovlevich Myaskovsky ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a rayuwar kiɗa ... Dole ne in sadu da Nikolai Yakovlevich sau da yawa, na gudanar da mafi yawan ƙauna. na symphonies da ya rubuta."

Kuma a nan gaba, da ya jagoranci Jihar Symphony Orchestra na Tarayyar Soviet (1936-1941), Gauk, tare da na gargajiya music, sau da yawa ya hada da qagaggun Soviet marubuta a cikin shirye-shiryen. S. Prokofiev, N. Myaskovsky, A. Khachaturyata, Yu ya ba shi amana na farko na ayyukansa. Shaporin, V. Muradeli da sauransu. A cikin kiɗa na baya, Gauk yakan juya zuwa ayyukan da, saboda dalili ɗaya ko wani, masu gudanarwa sun yi watsi da su. Ya yi nasarar aiwatar da manyan abubuwan ƙirƙiro na gargajiya: oratorio “Samson” na Handel, Mass Bach a ƙaramin B, “Requiem”, Jana'izar da Nasara Symphony, “Harold a Italiya”, “Romeo da Julia” na Berlioz…

Tun 1953, Gauk ya kasance darektan fasaha kuma babban mai gudanarwa na Grand Symphony Orchestra na All-Union Radio da Television. A cikin aiki tare da wannan ƙungiyar, ya sami sakamako mai kyau, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar rikodin rikodin da yawa da aka yi a karkashin jagorancinsa. A. Melik-Pashayev, da yake kwatanta yanayin kirkire-kirkire na abokin aikinsa, ya rubuta cewa: “Salon tafiyarsa yana da halin kamun kai na waje tare da ƙonawa marar karewa, matsakaicin madaidaicin lokacin gwaji a ƙarƙashin yanayin cikakken “nauyi”. Oi ya zuba jari a cikin shirye-shiryen shirin duk sha'awarsa na mai fasaha, duk iliminsa, duk kyautar iliminsa, kuma a wurin wasan kwaikwayo, kamar yana yaba sakamakon ayyukansa, ba tare da gajiyawa ba ya goyi bayan gobarar sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin mawakan kade-kade. , hura masa wuta. Kuma wani abu mai ban mamaki a cikin bayyanarsa na fasaha: lokacin maimaitawa, kada ku kwafi kanku, amma kuyi ƙoƙarin karanta aikin "tare da idanu daban-daban", shigar da sabon fahimta a cikin ƙarin balagagge da ƙwararriyar fassarar, kamar dai canza ji da tunani a cikin daban-daban, mafi dabarar yin maɓalli.

Farfesa Gauk ya kawo dukan taurari na manyan madugu na Soviet. A lokuta daban-daban ya koyar a Leningrad (1927-1933), Tbilisi (1941-1943) da kuma Moscow (tun 1948) conservatories. Daga cikin dalibansa akwai A. Melik-Pashaev, E. Mravinsky, M. Tavrizian, E. Mikeladze, E. Svetlanov, N. Rabinovich, O. Dimitriadi, K. Simeonov, E. Grikurov da sauransu.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969