Anton Bruckner |

Anton Bruckner ne adam wata

Masanin asiri-pantheist, wanda aka ba shi ikon harshe na Tauler, tunanin Eckhart, da hangen nesa na Grunewald, a cikin karni na XNUMX hakika abin al'ajabi ne! O. Lang

Takaddama game da ainihin ma'anar A. Bruckner ba ta tsaya ba. Wasu suna ganinsa a matsayin "Gothic sufaye" wanda ta hanyar mu'ujiza ya tashi a zamanin soyayya, wasu kuma suna ganin shi a matsayin ɗan wasa mai ban sha'awa wanda ya hada da waƙoƙi ɗaya bayan daya, kama da juna kamar digo biyu na ruwa, tsayi da zane. Gaskiya, kamar kullum, ta ta'allaka ne da nisa. Girman Bruckner ba ya ta'allaka ne sosai a cikin bangaskiya mai aminci wanda ke mamaye aikinsa, amma a cikin girman kai, sabon ra'ayin Katolika na mutum a matsayin cibiyar duniya. Ayyukansa sun ƙunshi ra'ayin zama, nasara ga apotheosis, ƙoƙari don haske, haɗin kai tare da daidaituwar sararin samaniya. A wannan ma'anar, ba shi kaɗai ba ne a ƙarni na sha tara. - ya isa ya tuna K. Brentano, F. Schlegel, F. Schelling, daga baya a Rasha - Vl. Solovyov, A. Scriabin.

A gefe guda, kamar yadda bincike mai zurfi ko žasa ya nuna, bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin waƙoƙin Bruckner suna da kyau sosai. Da farko dai, gagarumin iyawar mawakin na yin aiki yana da ban mamaki: kasancewar ya shagaltu da koyarwa na kusan sa'o'i 40 a mako, ya tsara kuma ya sake yin ayyukansa, wani lokaci ba a gane shi ba, haka kuma, yana da shekaru 40 zuwa 70. A cikin duka, ba za mu iya magana game da 9 ko 11 ba, amma game da 18 symphonies halitta a cikin shekaru 30! Gaskiyar ita ce, kamar yadda ya faru a sakamakon aikin mawallafin kiɗa na Austriya R. Haas da L. Novak a kan buga cikakken ayyukan mawallafin, bugu na 11 na waƙoƙinsa sun bambanta da cewa kowannensu ya bambanta. ya kamata a gane su a matsayin masu daraja a cikin kanta. V. Karatygin ya ce da kyau game da fahimtar ainihin fasahar Bruckner: "Maɗaukaki, mai girma, mai mahimmanci yana da ra'ayoyin fasaha na titanic kuma ko da yaushe jefa a cikin manyan nau'o'i, aikin Bruckner yana buƙatar daga mai sauraron da yake so ya shiga ma'anar ciki na wahayinsa, wani gagarumin ƙarfi. na aikin jin daɗi, ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwaƙƙwaran son rai, zuwa ga babban tashin hankali na ainihin zafin son rai na fasahar Bruckner.

Bruckner ya taso ne a cikin dangin malamin manoma. Yana da shekaru 10 ya fara tsara kiɗa. Bayan mutuwar mahaifinsa, an aika yaron zuwa ƙungiyar mawaƙa na St. Florian's monastery (1837-40). Anan ya ci gaba da nazarin sashin jiki, piano da violin. Bayan ɗan gajeren nazari a Linz, Bruckner ya fara aiki a matsayin mataimaki na malami a makarantar ƙauyen, ya kuma yi aiki na ɗan lokaci a ayyukan karkara, yana wasa a raye-raye. A lokaci guda kuma ya ci gaba da nazarin abun da ke ciki da kuma kunna gabobin. Tun daga 1845 ya kasance malami kuma organist a gidan sufi na St. Florian (1851-55). Tun 1856, Bruckner yana zaune a Linz, yana aiki a matsayin organist a cikin babban coci. A wannan lokacin, ya kammala karatunsa na rubutawa tare da S. Zechter da O. Kitzler, ya tafi Vienna, Munich, ya sadu da R. Wagner, F. Liszt, G. Berlioz. A 1863, na farko symphonies ya bayyana, biye da talakawa - Bruckner ya zama mawaki a 40! Don haka girman girmansa ya yi girma, tauye kansa, har zuwa lokacin bai bar kansa ya yi tunanin manyan siffofi ba. Shaharar Bruckner a matsayin mai tsara gabobin jiki kuma wanda ba a iya misalta shi na inganta gabobin jiki yana girma. A 1868 ya samu lakabi na kotu organist, ya zama farfesa a Vienna Conservatory a cikin ajin bass general, counterpoint da gabobin, kuma ya koma Vienna. Daga 1875 ya kuma yi lacca a kan jituwa da kishin kasa a Jami'ar Vienna (H. Mahler yana cikin dalibansa).

Amincewa da Bruckner a matsayin mawaki ya zo ne kawai a ƙarshen 1884, lokacin da A. Nikisch ya fara yin Symphony na Bakwai a Leipzig tare da babban nasara. A cikin 1886, Bruckner ya buga sashin jiki yayin bikin jana'izar Liszt. A ƙarshen rayuwarsa, Bruckner ya daɗe yana rashin lafiya sosai. Ya shafe shekarunsa na ƙarshe yana aiki akan Symphony na tara; Bayan ya yi ritaya, ya zauna a wani gida da Sarkin sarakuna Franz Joseph ya tanadar masa a fadar Belvedere. An binne tokar mawakin a cikin cocin sufi na St. Florian, a karkashin sashin.

Peru Bruckner ya mallaki wasan kwaikwayo 11 (ciki har da F small da D small, "Zero"), kirtani Quintet, 3 talakawa, "Te Deum", mawaƙa, guntu don gabobin. Na dogon lokaci da suka fi shahara su ne wasan kwaikwayo na huɗu da na bakwai, mafi daidaituwa, bayyananne da sauƙin fahimta kai tsaye. Daga baya, sha'awar masu yin wasan kwaikwayo (da masu sauraro tare da su) sun koma na tara, takwas, da na uku - mafi yawan rikice-rikice, kusa da "Beethovenocentrism" na kowa a cikin fassarar tarihin symphonism. Tare da bayyanar cikakken tarin ayyukan mawaƙa, fadada ilimin kiɗan sa, ya zama mai yiwuwa a yi la'akari da aikinsa. Wakoki 4 na farko sun kasance farkon mataki, kololuwar wanda shine babban abin tausayi na biyu Symphony, magaji ga sha'awar Schumann da gwagwarmayar Beethoven. Symphonies 3-6 sun zama babban mataki yayin da Bruckner ya kai babban balaga na kyakkyawan fata, wanda ba shi da alaƙa da ƙarfin zuciya ko kuma buri na son rai. Na Bakwai mai haske, Na Takwas mai ban mamaki da na Tara mai cike da ban tausayi shine matakin karshe; suna ɗaukar fasali da yawa na maki na baya, kodayake sun bambanta da su ta tsawon tsayi da jinkirin jigilar titanic.

Abin ban sha'awa na Bruckner mutumin almara ne. An buga tarin labaran labarai game da shi. Gwagwarmaya mai wuyar fahimta ta bar wani tambari a ruhinsa (tsoron kiban E. Hanslik, da sauransu). Babban abin da ke cikin diary dinsa shine bayanin kula da karatun addu'o'in. Da yake amsa tambaya game da dalilan farko na rubuta “Te Deum'a” (wani muhimmin aiki na fahimtar waƙarsa), mawakin ya amsa: “Don godiya ga Allah, tun da har yanzu masu tsananta mini ba su yi nasara ba wajen halaka ni… Ina so lokacin da Ranar shari'a za ta zama, ku ba Ubangiji ma'aunin Te Deum'a, ku ce, 'Ga shi, domin ku kaɗai na yi wannan. Bayan haka, tabbas zan zamewa. Ƙwarewar ɗan Katolika a cikin lissafi tare da Allah kuma ya bayyana a cikin aiwatar da aiki a kan Symphony na Tara - keɓe shi ga Allah a gaba (wani lamari na musamman!), Bruckner ya yi addu'a: "Ya Ubangiji, bari in warke ba da daɗewa ba! Duba, ina bukatan in kasance cikin koshin lafiya in gama na tara!”

Mai sauraro na yanzu yana da sha'awar kyakkyawan kyakkyawan fata na fasaha na Bruckner, wanda ke komawa zuwa hoton "karamin sautin sararin samaniya". Taguwar ruwa mai ƙarfi da aka gina tare da fasaha maras misaltuwa suna aiki a matsayin hanyar cimma wannan hoton, suna ƙoƙarin zuwa ga apotheosis wanda ya ƙare wasan kwaikwayo, daidai (kamar yadda yake a cikin Takwas) yana tattara duk jigogi. Wannan kyakkyawan fata ya bambanta Bruckner daga mutanen zamaninsa kuma ya ba da abubuwan da ya halitta ma'anar alama - siffofi na abin tunawa ga ruhun ɗan adam marar girgiza.

G. Pantielev

Ostiriya ta daɗe da shahara don haɓakar al'adun simphonic. Saboda yanayi na musamman na yanki da na siyasa, babban birnin wannan babban ikon Turai ya wadata kwarewar fasaha tare da neman mawakan Czech, Italiyanci da Arewacin Jamus. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar ra'ayoyin Haskakawa, a kan irin wannan tsarin na duniya, an kafa makarantar gargajiya ta Viennese, wakilan mafi girma a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na XNUMX sune Haydn da Mozart. Ya kawo sabon rafi zuwa ga sha'awar turawa Jamus Beethoven wahayi zuwa ra'ayoyi Faransa Juyin juya hali, duk da haka, ya fara haifar da symphonic ayyuka ne kawai bayan da ya zauna a babban birnin kasar Austria (na farko Symphony da aka rubuta a Vienna a 1800). Schubert a farkon karni na XNUMX ya ƙarfafa a cikin aikinsa - riga daga ra'ayi na romanticism - mafi girman nasarorin makarantar wasan kwaikwayo na Viennese.

Sa'an nan ya zo da shekaru dauki. Fasahar Ostiriya ta kasance ƙaramin akida - ta kasa amsa muhimman batutuwan zamaninmu. Waltz na yau da kullun, don duk cikar fasahar fasahar sa a cikin kiɗan Strauss, ya maye gurbin wasan kwaikwayo.

Wani sabon tashin hankali na zamantakewa da al'adu ya bayyana a cikin 50s da 60s. A wannan lokacin, Brahms ya tashi daga arewacin Jamus zuwa Vienna. Kuma, kamar yadda ya faru da Beethoven, Brahms kuma ya juya zuwa ga ƙirƙira ta musamman akan ƙasar Austriya (an rubuta Symphony na farko a Vienna a cikin 1874-1876). Bayan ya koyi abubuwa da yawa daga al'adun kiɗa na Viennese, wanda a cikin ƙaramin ma'auni ya ba da gudummawa ga sabuntawar su, duk da haka ya kasance wakili. Jamus al'adun fasaha. A gaskiya Austrian mawaƙin da ya ci gaba a fagen wasan kwaikwayo abin da Schubert ya yi a farkon karni na XNUMX don fasahar kiɗan Rasha shine Anton Bruckner, wanda balagaggen fasaha ya zo a cikin shekarun da suka gabata na karni.

Schubert da Bruckner - kowannensu ta wata hanya dabam, daidai da gwanintarsu da lokacinsu - sun ƙunshi mafi yawan halayen halayen halayen soyayya na Austrian. Da farko, sun haɗa da: ƙaƙƙarfan alaƙar ƙasa tare da rayuwar da ke kewaye (yafi ƙauye), wanda ke nunawa a cikin yawan amfani da waƙoƙi da raye-raye da raye-raye; daɗaɗɗen ra'ayi na lyrical kai shakku, tare da haske walƙiya na ruhaniya "haskoki" - wannan, bi da bi, ya haifar da "sprawling" gabatarwa ko, ta yin amfani da Schumann sanannen furci, "tsawon allahntaka"; ɗakin ajiya na musamman na labarin almara mai daɗi, wanda, duk da haka, an katse shi ta hanyar guguwar wahayi na ban mamaki.

Hakanan akwai wasu abubuwan gama gari a cikin tarihin rayuwar mutum. Dukansu daga dangin manoma ne. Mahaifinsu malaman karkara ne wadanda suka nufi ‘ya’yansu sana’a daya. Dukansu Schubert da Bruckner sun girma kuma sun girma a matsayin mawaƙa, suna zaune a cikin yanayin mutane na yau da kullun, kuma galibi sun bayyana kansu cikin sadarwa tare da su. Wani mahimmin tushen ilhami shi ma yanayi ne – shimfidar gandun dajin da ke da tafkuna masu kyau da yawa. A ƙarshe, su biyun sun rayu ne kawai don kiɗa da kiɗa, suna yin ƙirƙira kai tsaye, maimakon son rai fiye da umarnin hankali.

Amma, ba shakka, an raba su da manyan bambance-bambance, da farko saboda yanayin ci gaban tarihi na al'adun Austrian. "Patriarchal" Vienna, a cikin gungun philistine wanda Schubert ya shake, ya zama babban birni na jari-hujja - babban birnin Austriya-Hungary, wanda ya wargaje ta hanyar sabani na zamantakewa da siyasa. Sauran manufofi fiye da na zamanin Schubert zamani ne ya gabatar da su a gaban Bruckner - a matsayinsa na babban mai fasaha, ya kasa amsa musu.

Yanayin kiɗan da Bruckner yayi aiki shima ya bambanta. A cikin ra'ayinsa na mutum, yana motsawa zuwa Bach da Beethoven, ya kasance mafi yawan sha'awar sabuwar makarantar Jamus (bypassing Schumann), Liszt, musamman Wagner. Saboda haka, yana da dabi'a cewa ba kawai tsarin alama ba, har ma da harshen kiɗa na Bruckner ya kamata ya bambanta idan aka kwatanta da na Schubert. II Sollertinsky ne ya tsara wannan bambance-bambance: "Bruckner shine Schubert, wanda aka sanya shi cikin harsashi na sautin tagulla, mai rikitarwa da abubuwa na polyphony na Bach, mummunan tsarin sassa uku na farko na Symphony na Beethoven's Ninth da Wagner's"Tristan" jituwa.

"Schubert na rabin na biyu na karni na XNUMX" shine yadda ake kiran Bruckner sau da yawa. Duk da kamanta, wannan ma'anar, kamar kowane kwatancen alama, har yanzu ba zai iya ba da cikakken ra'ayi na ainihin kerawa na Bruckner ba. Yana da yawa mafi sabani fiye da Schubert, domin a cikin shekaru a lokacin da dabi'u na haƙiƙanci ƙarfafa a da dama na kasa m makarantu a Turai (da farko, ba shakka, mun tuna da Rasha makaranta!), Bruckner ya kasance a romantic artist, a cikin wanda fasali na ci gaba na hangen duniya ya kasance masu haɗin kai tare da abubuwan da suka gabata. Duk da haka, rawar da ya taka a tarihin wasan kwaikwayo na da girma sosai.

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Anton Bruckner an haife shi a ranar 4 ga Satumba, 1824 a wani ƙauye kusa da Linz, babban birnin Upper (wato, arewa) Austria. Yaran ya wuce cikin buƙata: mawaƙi na gaba shine babba a cikin yara goma sha ɗaya na malamin ƙauyen ƙauye, waɗanda aka ƙawata lokutan hutu da kiɗa. Tun yana ƙarami, Anton ya taimaka wa mahaifinsa a makaranta, kuma ya koya masa wasan piano da violin. A lokaci guda, akwai azuzuwan a kan sashin jiki - kayan aikin da Anton ya fi so.

Lokacin da yake da shekaru goma sha uku, ya rasa mahaifinsa, dole ne ya jagoranci rayuwar aiki mai zaman kanta: Anton ya zama mawaƙa na ƙungiyar mawaƙa na sufi na St. Florian, ba da daɗewa ba ya shiga darussan da ke horar da malamai. Yana da shekaru goma sha bakwai, aikinsa a wannan fanni ya fara. Kawai a cikin dacewa da farawa yana sarrafa yin kiɗa; amma bukukuwan sun keɓe mata gabaɗaya: matashin malamin yana ciyar da sa'o'i goma a rana a piano, yana nazarin ayyukan Bach, kuma yana buga gabobin aƙalla sa'o'i uku. Yana gwada hannunsa a abun da ke ciki.

A cikin 1845, bayan da ya wuce gwaje-gwajen da aka tsara, Bruckner ya sami matsayi na koyarwa a St. Florian - a cikin gidan sufi, wanda ke kusa da Linz, inda shi da kansa ya taɓa yin karatu. Ya kuma yi ayyukan organist kuma, ta yin amfani da babban ɗakin karatu da ke wurin, ya sake cika iliminsa na kiɗa. Duk da haka, rayuwarsa ba ta da daɗi. “Ba ni da mutum ɗaya da zan iya buɗe zuciyata gare shi,” in ji Bruckner. “Makarantar mu ba ruwanmu da kida, saboda haka, ga mawaka. Ba zan iya zama mai fara'a a nan ba kuma babu wanda ya isa ya sani game da tsare-tsare na. Shekaru goma (1845-1855) Bruckner ya zauna a St. Florian. A wannan lokacin ya rubuta ayyuka sama da arba'in. (A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata (1835-1845) - kusan goma.) - choral, organ, piano da sauransu. Yawancinsu an yi su ne a cikin babban dakin taro na cocin sufi. Ingantaccen mawaƙin matashin mawaƙin a sashin ya shahara musamman.

A cikin 1856 an kira Bruckner zuwa Linz a matsayin organist cathedral. A nan ya zauna tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu (1856-1868). Ilimin makaranta ya ƙare - daga yanzu za ku iya ba da kanku gaba ɗaya ga kiɗa. Tare da ƙwazo ba kasafai ba, Bruckner ya sadaukar da kansa don nazarin ka'idar abun ciki (jituwa da ƙima), yana zaɓar matsayin malaminsa sanannen masanin ilimin Viennese Simon Zechter. A kan umarnin na ƙarshe, ya rubuta dutsen takarda na kiɗa. Sau ɗaya, da ya karɓi wani sashe na atisayen da aka kammala, Zechter ya amsa masa: “Na duba littattafan littafin rubutu goma sha bakwai akan maki biyu kuma na yi mamakin ƙwazo da nasarorin da kuka samu. Amma don kiyaye lafiyar ku, ina roƙon ku da ku huta ... Ni dole ne in faɗi haka, domin har yanzu ban sami ɗalibi daidai da ku ba a cikin himma. (Af, wannan ɗalibin yana ɗan shekara talatin da biyar a lokacin!)

A cikin 1861, Bruckner ya wuce gwaje-gwaje a cikin wasan motsa jiki da batutuwan ka'idoji a Vienna Conservatory, wanda ya tada sha'awar masu jarrabawar tare da gwanintarsa ​​da fasaha na fasaha. Daga wannan shekarar, saninsa da sababbin abubuwan da ke faruwa a cikin fasahar kiɗa ya fara.

Idan Sechter ya kawo Bruckner a matsayin masanin ka'idar, to Otto Kitzler, jagoran wasan kwaikwayo na Linz kuma mawaki, mai sha'awar Schumann, Liszt, Wagner, ya gudanar da jagorantar wannan mahimman ilimin ka'idar cikin babban binciken fasahar zamani. (Kafin haka, sanin Bruckner da kiɗan soyayya ya iyakance ga Schubert, Weber da Mendelssohn.) Kitzler ya yi imanin cewa zai ɗauki akalla shekaru biyu don gabatar da ɗalibinsa, wanda ke kan gab da shekaru arba'in, gare su. Amma watanni goma sha tara suka shude, kuma himma ba ta misaltuwa: Bruckner ya yi cikakken nazarin duk abin da malaminsa yake da shi. Tsawon shekarun karatu sun ƙare - Bruckner ya riga ya kasance da gaba gaɗi yana neman nasa hanyoyin fasaha.

An taimaka wa wannan ta hanyar sanin operas na Wagnerian. Sabuwar duniya ta buɗe wa Bruckner a cikin maki na Flying Dutchman, Tannhäuser, Lohengrin, kuma a cikin 1865 ya halarci farkon Tristan a Munich, inda ya saba da Wagner, wanda ya tsafi. Irin waɗannan tarurrukan sun ci gaba daga baya - Bruckner ya tuna da su da jin daɗi. (Wagner ya bi da shi cikin aminci kuma a cikin 1882 ya ce: "Na san wanda ya kusanci Beethoven ne kawai (game da aikin jin daɗi. - MD), wannan Bruckner ne ...".. Mutum zai iya tunanin abin da mamaki, wanda ya canza wasan kwaikwayo na yau da kullum, ya fara sanin abin da ya faru ga Tannhäuser, inda waƙoƙin choral da suka saba da Bruckner a matsayin mai kula da coci ya sami sabon sauti, kuma ikon su ya zama masu adawa da su. abin sha'awa na kiɗan da ke nuna Venus Grotto! ..

A cikin Linz, Bruckner ya rubuta ayyuka sama da arba'in, amma nufinsu ya fi girma fiye da yadda aka yi a cikin ayyukan da aka yi a St. Florian. A cikin 1863 da 1864 ya kammala wasan kwaikwayo guda biyu (a cikin f qanana da ƙarami), kodayake daga baya bai dage da yin su ba. Serial lamba ta farko Bruckner ya zayyana waƙafi mai zuwa a cikin c-moll (1865-1866). A kan hanya, a cikin 1864-1867, an rubuta manyan mutane uku - d-moll, e-moll da f-moll (na karshen shine mafi mahimmanci).

An yi waƙar solo na farko na Bruckner a Linz a cikin 1864 kuma ya yi nasara sosai. Da alama yanzu ya zo wani canji a cikin makomarsa. Amma hakan bai faru ba. Kuma bayan shekaru uku, mawaki ya fada cikin damuwa, wanda ke tare da rashin lafiya mai tsanani. Sai kawai a cikin 1868 ya sami damar fita daga lardin lardin - Bruckner ya koma Vienna, inda ya kasance har zuwa ƙarshen kwanakinsa fiye da kwata na karni. Wannan shine yadda yake buɗewa uku lokaci a cikin m biography.

Wani lamari da ba a taɓa gani ba a tarihin kiɗa - kawai ta tsakiyar 40s na rayuwarsa mai zane ya sami kansa sosai! Bayan haka, shekaru goma da aka kashe a St. Florian ba za a iya ɗaukarsa a matsayin farkon bayyananniyar baiwar da ba ta girma ba. Shekaru goma sha biyu a Linz - shekarun koyo, ƙwarewar ciniki, haɓaka fasaha. A cikin shekaru arba'in, Bruckner bai riga ya ƙirƙiri wani muhimmin abu ba. Mafi mahimmanci shine haɓakar gabobin da ba a yi rikodin su ba. Yanzu, ƙwararren ɗan kasuwa ba zato ba tsammani ya rikide ya zama babban malami, wanda aka ba shi da mafi kyawun ɗabi'a, ainihin ƙirƙira.

Duk da haka, an gayyaci Bruckner zuwa Vienna ba a matsayin mawaƙi ba, amma a matsayin mai kyau organist da theorist, wanda zai iya maye gurbin marigayi Sechter. An tilasta masa ya ba da lokaci mai yawa don koyar da kiɗa - jimillar sa'o'i talatin a mako. (A Vienna Conservatory, Bruckner ya koyar da azuzuwan cikin jituwa (bass general), counterpoint da organ; a Cibiyar Malamai ya koyar da piano, gabobin jiki da jituwa; a jami'a - jituwa da daidaitawa; a 1880 ya sami lakabin farfesa. Daga cikin ɗaliban Bruckner - waɗanda daga baya suka zama jagora A Nikish, F. Mottl, 'yan'uwa I. da F. Schalk, F. Loewe, 'yan pianists F. Eckstein da A. Stradal, masu ilimin kiɗa G. Adler da E. Decey, G. Wolf da G Mahler ya kasance kusa da Bruckner na ɗan lokaci.) Sauran lokacinsa yana yin waƙa. A lokacin hutu, yakan ziyarci yankunan karkara na Upper Austria, wanda ke matukar son shi. Lokaci-lokaci yana tafiya a waje da mahaifarsa: alal misali, a cikin 70s ya yi tafiya a matsayin organist tare da babban nasara a Faransa (inda kawai Cesar Franck zai iya yin gasa tare da shi a cikin fasahar haɓakawa!), London da Berlin. Amma rayuwar babban birni ba ta burge shi ba, ko da yake ba ya ziyartar gidajen wasan kwaikwayo, yana zaune a rufe da kadaici.

Wannan mawaƙin da ya sha kansa ya fuskanci wahalhalu da dama a Vienna: hanyar da za a gane a matsayin mawaƙi yana da ƙaya sosai. Eduard Hanslik, mawallafin kida na Vienna, ya yi masa ba'a; na karshen ya kasance masu sukar tabloid. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa adawa da Wagner ya kasance mai ƙarfi a nan, yayin da ake la'akari da bautar Brahms alama ce ta dandano mai kyau. Duk da haka, mai kunya da tawali'u Bruckner ba shi da sassauci a cikin abu ɗaya - a cikin abin da aka makala wa Wagner. Kuma ya zama wanda aka azabtar da mummunan rikici tsakanin "Brahmins" da Wagnerians. Ƙaunar dagewa kawai, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar himma, ya taimaka wa Bruckner don tsira a cikin gwagwarmayar rayuwa.

Lamarin ya kara dagulewa ganin cewa Bruckner ya yi aiki a fanni guda da Brahms ya yi suna. Da wuya tenacity, ya rubuta daya bayan daya: daga na biyu zuwa na tara, wato, ya halicci mafi kyau ayyukansa na kimanin shekaru ashirin a Vienna. (A duka, Bruckner ya rubuta ayyuka sama da talatin a Vienna (mafi yawa a cikin babban tsari).). Irin wannan kishiya ta kirkire-kirkire da Brahms ta haifar da kai hare-hare a kan shi daga manyan da'irar mawakan Viennese. (Brahms da Bruckner sun guje wa tarurruka na sirri, sun bi aikin juna da ƙiyayya. cikin tausayawa game da wasan kidan piano na farko).

Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa fitattun masu gudanarwa na lokacin sun ƙi saka ayyukan Bruckner a cikin shirye-shiryensu na kade-kade, musamman ma bayan rashin nasara da ya yi na Symphony na Uku a shekara ta 1877. A sakamakon haka, shekaru da yawa wanda ya riga ya yi nisa da matashin mawaki ya jira har sai da ya yi. iya jin kiɗansa a cikin sautin makaɗa. Don haka, an gudanar da taron Symphony na farko a Vienna shekaru ashirin da biyar kacal bayan kammala shi da marubucin, na biyu ya jira shekara ashirin da biyu don gudanar da aikinsa, na uku (bayan gazawar) - goma sha uku, na hudu - sha shida, na biyar - ashirin da uku, na shida – shekaru goma sha takwas. Juya batu a cikin makomar Bruckner ya zo a cikin 1884 dangane da wasan kwaikwayo na Symphony na Bakwai a karkashin jagorancin Arthur Nikisch - daukaka ta zo ga mawaki mai shekaru sittin.

Shekaru goma na ƙarshe na rayuwar Bruckner ya kasance alama ce ta haɓaka sha'awar aikinsa. (Duk da haka, lokacin da Bruckner ya sami cikakkiyar amincewa bai riga ya zo ba. Yana da mahimmanci, alal misali, cewa a cikin dukan tsawon rayuwarsa ya ji sau ashirin da biyar ne kawai na aikin nasa manyan ayyukan.). Amma tsufa yana gabatowa, saurin aiki yana raguwa. Tun daga farkon 90s, kiwon lafiya yana tabarbarewa - dropsy yana ƙaruwa. Bruckner ya mutu Oktoba 11, 1896.

M. Druskin

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