Tsohon dangi na piano: tarihin ci gaban kayan aiki

Piano kanta nau'in pianoforte ne. Ana iya fahimtar piano ba kawai a matsayin kayan aiki tare da tsararrun igiyoyi na tsaye ba, har ma a matsayin piano, wanda aka shimfiɗa igiyoyin a kwance. Amma wannan shi ne piano na zamani da muka saba gani, kuma kafin shi akwai wasu nau'ikan kayan kida na maɓalli waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da kayan aikin da muka saba da su.

A da dadewa, mutum zai iya saduwa da irin kayan kida kamar piano na pyramidal, piano lyre, piano bureau, garaya piano da sauran su.

Har zuwa wani lokaci, ana iya kiran clavichord da garaya su zama farkon piano na zamani. Amma na karshen yana da motsin sauti na akai-akai, wanda, ƙari,, da sauri ya ɓace.

A cikin karni na goma sha shida, an halicci abin da ake kira "clavititerium" - clavichord tare da tsari na tsaye na kirtani. Don haka bari mu fara cikin tsari…

Clavichord

Wannan kayan aikin da ba haka ba ne ya cancanci ambato na musamman. Idan kawai saboda ya gudanar ya yi abin da ya kasance mai rikitarwa lokacin shekaru masu yawa: a ƙarshe yanke shawara a kan rushewar octave cikin sautunan, kuma, mafi mahimmanci, semitones.

Don wannan ya kamata mu gode wa Sebastian Bach, wanda ya yi wannan babban aiki. An kuma san shi a matsayin marubucin ayyuka arba'in da takwas da aka rubuta musamman don clavichord.

A gaskiya ma, an rubuta su don sake kunnawa gida: clavichord ya yi shuru sosai don wuraren wasan kwaikwayo. Amma ga gida, ya kasance kayan aiki mai mahimmanci, don haka ya kasance sananne na dogon lokaci.

Wani fasali na musamman na kayan aikin madannai na wancan lokacin sun kasance igiyoyi masu tsayi iri ɗaya. Wannan ya rikitar da daidaita kayan aikin, sabili da haka an fara haɓaka ƙira tare da igiyoyi masu tsayi daban-daban.

Harpsichord

Kadan maɓallan madannai suna da irin wannan ƙirar da ba a saba gani ba kamar na garaya. A ciki, zaku iya ganin duka igiyoyi da madannai, amma a nan ba a fitar da sautin ta hanyar busa guduma ba, amma ta masu shiga tsakani. Sifar garaya ta riga ta fi tunawa da piano na zamani, saboda yana ɗauke da igiyoyi masu tsayi daban-daban. Amma, kamar yadda yake tare da pianoforte, harpsichord mai fuka-fuki ɗaya ne kawai daga cikin ƙirar gama gari.

Wani nau'in ya kasance kamar akwatin rectangular, wani lokacin murabba'i. Akwai nau'ikan garaya a kwance da na tsaye, waɗanda za su iya girma da yawa fiye da ƙirar kwancen.

Kamar clavichord, garaya ba kayan aiki ba ne na manyan wuraren kide-kide - kayan gida ne ko kayan salon. Duk da haka, bayan lokaci ya sami suna a matsayin kayan aiki mai kyau na kayan aiki.

Sannu a hankali, an fara kula da garaya a matsayin abin wasa mai ban sha'awa ga ƙaunatattun mutane. An yi kayan aikin da itace mai daraja kuma an ƙawata shi sosai.

Wasu mawaƙan maɓalli guda biyu suna da maɓalli guda biyu masu ƙarfin sauti daban-daban, an makala takalmi a kansu - gwaje-gwajen sun iyakance ne kawai ta tunanin masanan, waɗanda suka nemi ya bambanta bushewar sautin garaya ta kowace hanya. Amma a lokaci guda, wannan halin ya haifar da ƙarin godiya ga kiɗan da aka rubuta don kaɗa.

Yanzu wannan kayan aiki, kodayake ba a shahara kamar da ba, har yanzu ana samun wasu lokuta.

Ana iya jin ta a wuraren kide-kide na tsohuwar kide-kide da kidan avant-garde. Ko da yake yana da kyau a gane cewa mawaƙa na zamani sun fi yin amfani da na'ura mai ƙira ta dijital tare da samfurori waɗanda ke kwaikwayon sautin gaya fiye da na'urar kanta. Har yanzu, yana da wuya a kwanakin nan.

shirya piano

Mafi daidai, shirya. Ko kuma a daidaita. Jigon ba ya canzawa: don canza yanayin sautin kirtani, ƙirar piano na zamani an ɗan gyara shi, sanya abubuwa da na'urori daban-daban a ƙarƙashin kirtani ko fitar da sauti ba tare da maɓalli ba kamar tare da ingantattun hanyoyin. : wani lokaci tare da matsakanci, kuma a cikin lokuta na musamman da aka yi watsi da su - tare da yatsunsu.

Kamar dai tarihin mawaƙa ya maimaita kansa, amma ta hanyar zamani. Wannan kawai piano na zamani ne, idan ba ku tsoma baki sosai a cikin ƙirar sa ba, yana iya yin hidima na ƙarni.

Samfuran daidaikun mutane waɗanda suka rayu tun tsakiyar karni na sha tara (misali, kamfani "Smith & Wegner", Ingilishi "Smidt & Wegener"), kuma yanzu suna da sauti mai arziƙi da wadatar gaske, kusan ba za a iya samun kayan aikin zamani ba.

Cikakken m - cat piano

Lokacin da kuka ji sunan "piano cat", da farko yana da alama cewa wannan suna ne na kwatanci. Amma a'a, irin wannan piano da gaske ya ƙunshi maɓalli kuma…. Cats. Ta'addanci, ba shakka, kuma dole ne mutum ya kasance yana da daidaitaccen adadin baƙin ciki don ya yaba da jin daɗin lokacin. Kurayen suna zaune bisa ga muryoyinsu, kawunansu na mannewa daga cikin benen, wutsiyoyinsu kuma a gefe guda suna gani. A gare su ne suka ja don fitar da sautin tsayin da ake so.

Yanzu, ba shakka, irin wannan piano yana yiwuwa bisa manufa, amma zai fi kyau idan Society for the Protection of Animals ba su san game da shi ba. Suna hauka a cikin rashi.

Amma za ku iya shakatawa, wannan kayan aiki ya faru a cikin karni na goma sha shida, wato a cikin 1549, a lokacin daya daga cikin jerin gwanon Sarkin Spain a Brussels. Hakanan ana samun kwatance da yawa a wani lokaci na gaba, amma yanzu ba a fayyace ba ko waɗannan kayan aikin sun wanzu, ko kuma abubuwan tunawa kawai sun rage game da su.

Ko da yake an yi ta yayata cewa da zarar an yi amfani da shi wani I.Kh. Rail don warkar da wani yariman Italiya na melancholy. A cewarsa, irin wannan kayan aiki mai ban dariya ya kamata ya dauke hankalin Yarima daga tunaninsa na bakin ciki.

Don haka watakila ya kasance zalunci ga dabbobi, amma kuma babban ci gaba a cikin kula da masu tabin hankali, wanda ya nuna haihuwar psychotherapy a cikin jariri.

 A cikin wannan bidiyon, mawaƙin garaya ya yi sonata a cikin ƙaramin Domenico Scarlatti (Domenico Scarlatti):