Stereophony |

haruffa. – sautin sarari, daga Girkanci. sitiriyo - kewaye, sarari da ponn - sauti

Hanyar wayar tarho da watsa shirye-shirye, da kuma rikodin sauti da kuma haifuwa, wanda aka adana halin sautin, yana nuna tsarin sararin samaniya na decomp. kafofin sauti da motsinsu. Mutum yana yin la'akari da wurin da aka samo sauti a sararin samaniya dangane da bambancin tasirin su akan kunnuwan dama da hagu; a ilimin halittar jiki ana kiransa. tasirin binaural. Dangane da kusurwar da aka kafa tsakanin igiyar gaban sautin da kan mai saurare, bambanta. Ana tabbatar da jin sauti ta kunnuwan dama da na hagu duka biyu ta hanyar bambancin lokaci na raƙuman sautin da aka gane da kuma raunanar sautin sakamakon ɓarna na kariya daga kan mai sauraro. A cikin wayar tarho da na rediyo, ana samun tasirin sitiriyo ta hanyar amfani da watsa tashoshi biyu daga tashoshi daban-daban. makirufo (wanda aka sanya a wani tazara daga juna) da sake kunnawa ta amfani da otd biyu. wayoyi ko lasifika biyu (masu magana da murya). Don rikodin sauti na sitiriyo ana amfani da makirufo biyu da ke nesa da otd. amplifiers da tashoshin rikodi guda biyu na aiki tare. A cikin stereogram, duka sigina suna daidaitawa akan tsagi ɗaya. Mai yanke na'urar rikodin sitiriyo yana oscillates a ƙarƙashin rinjayar ƙarfin maganadisu ko piezoelectric guda biyu waɗanda ke jagorantar juna a kusurwar 90°. Ana yin haifuwar sauti ta na'urar adaftar ta musamman da otd biyu. amplifiers tare da shigar da lasifika dangane da girman ɗakin da nisa ga masu sauraro. Don fina-finai, ana yin rikodin sitiriyo da kyau. hanya tare da gefen fim ɗin ta hanyoyin madaidaicin faɗin ko girman siginar da aka buga akan waƙoƙi biyu masu dacewa da makirufo biyu. Ana yin rikodin sitiriyo na Magnetic ta amfani da makirufo masu sarari guda biyu tare da keɓantacce. amplifiers da shugabannin rikodin maganadisu akan waƙoƙi biyu na fim ɗin, da sake kunnawa sitiriyo - ta amfani da otd. amplifiers daga kawuna na maganadisu biyu da acoustic guda biyu. shigar da lasifika a nisan da ake so. Don estr. sitiriyo wani lokaci ana amfani da tashoshi masu haɓaka sauti da ƙara sauti daban-daban guda uku; ginshiƙan sauti guda uku suna a fadin faɗin matakin.

Rikodin sautin sitiriyo yana kawo fahimtar kiɗan kusa da abin da ake aiwatarwa kai tsaye. sauraron aikinta a cikin conc. zaure. Matsayin mahimmancin da aka samu tare da taimakon stereophonic. Tasiri ya dogara da mallakar wani aikin da aka bayar ga wani tarihi na musamman. zamani, zuwa wani nau'i na musamman, da kuma daga salon sa. fasali da aiki. abun da ke ciki. Saboda haka, a cikin 18-19 ƙarni. mawaƙa sun yi ƙoƙari don samun haɗin kai mafi girma na lalata sauti. ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyar mawaƙa, waɗanda aka nuna a cikin sanya masu yin wasan kwaikwayo ("wurin zama" na ƙungiyar makaɗa). Rikodin tashoshi ɗaya na irin waɗannan samfuran. har ma yana ƙara haɗin kai da sautin Ork. ƙungiyoyi, da sitiriyo suna riƙe da ainihin wuraren su, tarwatsawa. Duk da haka, lokacin yin rikodin kiɗa, wanda ake amfani da sarari da tasiri ta hanya ɗaya ko wata (wannan ya shafi kerawa na kiɗa na karni na 20; duba Spatial music), rawar S. yana ƙaruwa. Daga 70s. A cikin karni na 20, ban da stereophonic da aka saba, ana amfani da tashoshi hudu, rikodin sauti na quadraphonic, tare da yanke na'urorin microphone hudu (lokacin rikodi) da kuma sauti hudu. ginshiƙai (lokacin sake kunnawa) suna a kusurwoyin murabba'i ko murabba'i, a tsakiyarsu akwai mai yin wasan kwaikwayo (masu yin wasan kwaikwayo) kuma, don haka, mai sauraro. Kasashen waje (Jamus, Burtaniya, Amurka, da sauransu) sun fara quadraphonic. Ana samar da watsa shirye-shiryen rediyo na quadraphonic. masu karɓar rediyo, amplifiers, na'urar rikodin kaset, masu kunna wutar lantarki da rikodin gramophone. S. don daidaitawar sautin a tsaye har yanzu bai sami aiki ba. aikace-aikace.

References: Goron IE, Watsawa, M., 1944; Volkov-Lannit LF, The Art of Imprint Sauti. Rubuce-rubuce kan tarihin gramophone, M., 1964; Rimsky-Korsakov AV, Electroacoustics, Moscow, 1973; Purduev VV, Stereophony da tsarin sauti mai yawa, M., 1973; Stravinsky I., (A kan stereophony), a cikin littafin: Memories da sharhi, NY, 1960 (Fassarar Rashanci - a cikin littafin: Stravinsky I., Dialogues, L., 1971, shafi na 289-91).

Farashin LS