Hotuna (José Iturbi) |

Jose Iturbi

Labarin rayuwar dan wasan piano na Spain ya dan tuno da yanayin tarihin rayuwar Hollywood, a kalla har zuwa lokacin da Iturbi ya fara jin dadin duniya, wanda ya sa ya zama jarumin fina-finai da dama da aka yi a babban birnin kasar Sinima na Amurka. Akwai abubuwan jin daɗi da yawa a cikin wannan labarin, da murɗaɗɗen kaddara mai daɗi, da cikakkun bayanai na soyayya, duk da haka, galibi, ba su da tabbas. Idan ka bar na baya, to ko da fim din ya zama mai ban sha'awa.

Wani ɗan asalin Valencia, Iturbi tun yana ƙuruciya ya kalli aikin mahaifinsa, mai kunna kayan kida, yana ɗan shekara 6 ya riga ya maye gurbin mara lafiya a cikin cocin gida, yana samun pesetas na farko da ake buƙata don danginsa. Bayan shekara guda, yaron yana da aiki na dindindin - ya kasance tare da nunin fina-finai a cikin mafi kyawun cinema na birni tare da wasan piano. José sau da yawa ya shafe sa'o'i goma sha biyu a can - daga biyu na rana zuwa biyu na safe, amma duk da haka ya sami damar samun karin kuɗi a bukukuwan aure da bukukuwa, kuma da safe ya dauki darussa daga malamin Conservatory X. Belver, don rakiyar. ajin murya. Yayin da ya girma, ya kuma yi karatu na wani lokaci a Barcelona tare da J. Malats, amma da alama rashin kudi zai iya kawo cikas ga sana'arsa. Kamar yadda jita-jita ke faruwa (watakila an ƙirƙira a baya), 'yan ƙasar Valencia, sun fahimci cewa basirar matashin mawaki, wanda ya zama wanda ya fi so na dukan birnin, ya ɓace, ya tara isasshen kuɗi don aika shi don yin karatu a Paris.

A nan, a cikin aikinsa na yau da kullum, duk abin da ya kasance daidai ne: a cikin rana ya halarci darussa a ɗakin ajiyar kaya, inda V. Landovskaya yana cikin malamansa, kuma da maraice da dare ya sami gurasa da tsari. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa 1912. Amma, bayan kammala karatunsa a makarantar Conservatory, Iturbi mai shekaru 17 nan da nan ya sami goron gayyata zuwa matsayin shugaban sashen piano na Conservatory na Geneva, kuma makomarsa ta canza sosai. Ya yi shekaru biyar (1918-1923) a Geneva, sannan ya fara aikin fasaha mai hazaka.

Iturbi isa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a 1927, riga a zenith na shahararsa, da kuma gudanar ya jawo hankalin ko da a kan bango na da yawa m gida da kuma kasashen waje mawaƙa. Abin da ya kasance mai ban sha'awa a cikin bayyanarsa shi ne ainihin gaskiyar cewa Iturbi bai dace da tsarin "stereotype" na mawallafin Mutanen Espanya ba - tare da hadari, ƙananan cututtuka da abubuwan sha'awa. “Iturbi ya tabbatar da cewa shi ɗan wasa ne mai tunani da ruhi tare da ɗabi'a mai haske, mai launi, a wasu lokuta yana ɗaukar raye-raye, sauti mai kyau da ɗanɗano; yana amfani da dabararsa, mai hazaka cikin sauƙi da juzu'insa, cikin ladabi da fasaha," G. Kogan ya rubuta sannan. Daga cikin gazawar mai zane, 'yan jarida sun danganta salon, da gangan iri-iri na wasan kwaikwayo.

Tun daga ƙarshen 20s, {asar Amirka ta zama cibiyar ayyukan Iturbi da ke daɗaɗa abubuwa da yawa. Tun 1933, ya kasance a nan ba kawai a matsayin pianist, amma kuma a matsayin madugu, rayayye inganta music na Spain da kuma Latin Amurka; daga 1936-1944 ya jagoranci kungiyar Orchestra Symphony Rochester. A cikin shekarun guda, Iturbi ya kasance mai sha'awar abun da ke ciki kuma ya ƙirƙiri wasu mahimman ƙungiyoyin kade-kade da na piano. Aikin na hudu na mai zane ya fara - yana aiki a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo na fim. Kasancewa a cikin fina-finai na kiɗa "Ovations Dubu", "'Yan mata biyu da jirgin ruwa", "Waƙar da za a tuna", "Music ga Miliyoyin", "Anchors to the Deck" da sauransu sun kawo masa farin jini sosai, amma har zuwa wani lokaci. tabbas an hana tsayawa a cikin manyan ƴan pian na ƙarni na mu. Ko ta yaya, A. Chesins a cikin littafinsa ya yi daidai da kiran Iturbi “mai zane-zane mai fara’a da maganadisu, amma da wani hali na shagaltuwa; mai zane wanda ya matsa zuwa tsayin wasan pianistic, amma ya kasa cika burinsa. Iturbi ba koyaushe yana iya kula da sigar pianistic ba, don kawo fassararsa zuwa kamala. Duk da haka, ba za a iya cewa, "bin kurege da yawa", Iturbi bai kama ko ɗaya ba: basirarsa ta kasance mai girma cewa a kowane yanki ya gwada hannunsa, ya yi sa'a. Kuma, ba shakka, piano art ya kasance babban yanki na ayyukansa da ƙauna.

Hujja mafi gamsarwa akan hakan ita ce nasarar da ya cancanta da ya samu a matsayinsa na ɗan wasan piano ko da a lokacin da ya tsufa. A shekara ta 1966, lokacin da ya sake yin wasa a kasarmu, Iturbi ya riga ya wuce 70, amma halin kirki ya sa ya fi karfi. Kuma ba kawai halin kirki ba. “Salon sa, da farko, babban al’adar pianistic ne, wanda ke ba da damar samun kyakkyawar alaƙa tsakanin wadatar palette mai sauti da yanayin ɗabi’a tare da ƙayataccen yanayi da kyawun jimla. Jajircewa, ɗan ƙaramin sautin sauti yana haɗuwa a cikin wasan kwaikwayonsa tare da wannan ɗumi mai ban sha'awa wanda ke halayyar manyan masu fasaha, "in ji jaridar Al'adun Soviet. Idan a cikin fassarar manyan ayyuka na Mozart da Beethoven Iturbi ba ko da yaushe tabbatacce, wani lokacin ma ilimi (tare da dukan nobility na dandano da tunani na ra'ayin), kuma a cikin aikin Chopin ya kasance kusa da lyrical fiye da ban mamaki. farkon, sa'an nan da pianist ta fassarar m qagaggun Debussy, Ravel, Albeniz, de Falla, Granados cike da irin wannan alherin, wadatar inuwa, fantasy da sha'awar, wanda aka wuya samu a kan concert mataki. "Fuskar halitta ta Iturbi ta yau ba ta da sabani na ciki," mun karanta a cikin mujallar "Ayyuka da Ra'ayoyin." "Waɗannan sabani waɗanda, yin karo da juna, suna haifar da sakamako daban-daban na fasaha dangane da zaɓaɓɓen repertoire.

A gefe guda, mai wasan pianist yana ƙoƙarin yin ƙarfi, har ma don kamun kai a fagen motsin rai, wani lokacin don hoto da gangan, haƙiƙan canja wurin kayan kiɗan. A lokaci guda kuma, akwai yanayi mai girma na yanayi, "jijiya" na ciki, wanda muke gane shi, kuma ba mu kadai ba, a matsayin wani abu mai mahimmanci na halin Mutanen Espanya: hakika, tambarin ƙasa ya ta'allaka ne akan duka. fassararsa, ko da lokacin da kiɗan ya yi nisa sosai daga launin Mutanen Espanya. Waɗannan ɓangarorin biyu da ake ganin kamar polar ne na keɓantacce nasa na fasaha, mu'amalarsu ce ke ƙayyade salon Iturbi na yau.

Babban aikin Jose Iturbi bai tsaya ko da a lokacin tsufa ba. Ya jagoranci ƙungiyar makaɗa a ƙasarsa ta Valencia da kuma a cikin birnin Bridgeport na Amurka, ya ci gaba da nazarin abun da ke ciki, ya yi da kuma yin rikodin a matsayin mai wasan pian. Ya yi shekaru na ƙarshe a Los Angeles. A yayin bikin cika shekaru 75 na haihuwar mai zane, an fitar da bayanai da yawa a ƙarƙashin taken gabaɗaya "Taskar Iturbi", yana ba da ra'ayi game da sikelin da yanayin fasaharsa, na fa'idarsa mai faɗi da na yau da kullun ga ɗan wasan pianist na soyayya. . Bach, Mozart, Chopin, Beethoven, Liszt, Schumann, Schubert, Debussy, Saint-Saens, har ma da Czerny gefe-gefe tare da mawallafin Mutanen Espanya a nan, suna haifar da motley amma mai haske. An sadaukar da faifan daban don duet na piano da José Iturbi ya rubuta a cikin duet tare da 'yar uwarsa, ƙwararren ɗan wasan pian Amparo Iturbi, tare da wanda ya yi tare a matakin wasan kwaikwayo na shekaru da yawa. Kuma duk waɗannan rikodin sun sake tabbatar da cewa Iturbi ya cancanci a amince da shi a matsayin babban dan wasan piano a Spain.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.