Philadelphia Orchestra |

Philadelphia Orchestra

Daya daga cikin manyan makada na kade-kade a Amurka. An ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1900 ta shugaba F. Schel bisa ga ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu sana'a da masu son da suka wanzu a Philadelphia tun ƙarshen ƙarni na 18. An gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Orchestra na Philadelphia a ranar 16 ga Nuwamba, 1900 a karkashin jagorancin Schel tare da halartar dan wasan pian O. Gabrilovich, wanda ya yi wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Piano na Tchaikovsky tare da Orchestra.

Da farko, ƙungiyar Orchestra ta Philadelphia tana da mawaƙa kusan 80, ƙungiyar ta ba da kide-kide 6 a shekara; a cikin 'yan yanayi masu zuwa, ƙungiyar makada ta karu zuwa mawaƙa 100, adadin kide-kide ya karu zuwa 44 a kowace shekara.

A cikin kwata na farko na karni na 1, F. Weingartner, SV Rachmaninov, R. Strauss, E. d'Albert, I. Hoffmann, M. Sembrich, SV Rachmaninov, K. Sen -Sans, E ne suka gudanar da Orchestra na Philadelphia. Isai, F. Kreisler, J. Thibaut da sauransu. Bayan mutuwar Shel (20), K. Polig ya jagoranci kungiyar Orchestra ta Philadelphia.

Haɓaka haɓakar fasahar wasan kwaikwayo na ƙungiyar makaɗa da sauri yana da alaƙa da sunan L. Stokowski, wanda ya jagoranci ta daga 1912. Stokowski ya sami haɓakawa na repertoire kuma yana haɓaka kiɗan zamani. A karkashin jagorancinsa, an yi ayyuka da yawa a Amurka a karon farko, ciki har da Scriabin's 3rd Symphony (1915). 8th - Mahler (1918), Alpine - R. Strauss (1916), 5th, 6th da 7th symphonies Sibelius (1926), 1st - Shostakovich (1928), yawan ayyuka na IF Stravinsky, SV Rachmaninov.

Ƙungiyar Orchestra ta Philadelphia ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan makada a Amurka. Daga 1931 Y. Ormandy ya yi lokaci-lokaci tare da Orchestra na Philadelphia, a cikin 1936 ya zama jagoranta na dindindin, kuma a cikin 1938/39 kakar ya maye gurbin Stokowski a matsayin babban jagoran.

Bayan yakin duniya na biyu 2-1939 kungiyar kade-kade ta Philadelphia ta sami sunan daya daga cikin mafi kyawun makada a duniya. A 45 band ya ziyarci Birtaniya, a 1950 ya yi wani babban yawon shakatawa na Turai, a 1955 ya ba 1958 kide kide a cikin Tarayyar Soviet (Moscow, Leningrad, Kyiv), bi da yawa yawon shakatawa a kasashe da dama na duniya.

Amincewa da Orchestra na Philadelphia na duniya ya kawo cikar wasan kowane mawaƙi, haɗin kai, mafi girman kewayon ƙarfi. Manyan masu jagoranci da soloists na duniya, ciki har da manyan mawakan Soviet, sun haɗu tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa: EG Gilels da DF Oistrakh sun fara halartan taro tare da ita a Amurka, LB Kogan, Yu. Kh. Temirkanov sau da yawa yi.

Kungiyar Orchestra ta Philadelphia tana ba da kide-kide kusan 130 a shekara; a lokacin lokacin hunturu ana gudanar da su a cikin zauren Kwalejin Music (kujeru 3000), a lokacin rani - a cikin filin wasan amphitheater na waje "Robin Hood Dell".

MM Yakovlev

Darektan kiɗa:

• Fritz Scheel (1900-1907)
• Karl Polig (1908-1912)
• Leopold Stokowski (1912-1938)
• Eugene Ormandy (1936-1980, shekaru biyu na farko tare da Stokowski)
• Riccardo Muti (1980-1992)
• Wolfgang Sawallisch (1993-2003)
• Christoph Eschenbach (2003-2008)
• Charles Dutoit (2008-2010)
• Yannick Neze-Seguin (tun 2010)

Hoton: Mawakan Philadelphia Yannick Nézet-Séguin (Ryan Donnell) ya jagoranta