Ernest Chausson |
Ernest Chausson
Ya yi karatu a Paris Conservatory a cikin aji na J. Massenet (1880). A cikin 1880-83 ya ɗauki darasi daga S. Frank. Daga 1889 ya kasance sakataren kungiyar kida ta kasa. Tuni ayyukan farko na Chausson, da farko zagayowar murya (waƙoƙi bakwai zuwa waƙoƙin Ch. Leconte de Lisle, A. Sylvester, T. Gauthier, da sauransu, 7-1879), sun bayyana ra'ayinsa na ladabi, waƙoƙin mafarki.
Kiɗa na Chausson yana da tsabta, sauƙi na magana, gyaran launi. Ana iya lura da tasirin Massenet a cikin ayyukansa na farko (waƙoƙi 4 zuwa waƙoƙin M. Bouchor, 1882-88, da sauransu), daga baya - R. Wagner: waƙar waƙar “Vivian” (1882), opera “King Arthus” (1886) -1895) an rubuta a kan makircin tatsuniyoyi na abin da ake kira. da Arthurian sake zagayowar (saboda abin da kwatance tare da aikin Wagner ne musamman bayyananne). Koyaya, a cikin haɓaka shirin wasan opera, Chausson yayi nisa da ra'ayi mara kyau na Tristan da Isolde. Mawaƙin ya watsar da babban tsarin leitmotifs (jigogi huɗu na kida suna zama tushen ci gaba), babban aikin farkon kayan aiki.
A cikin ayyukan Chausson da dama, tasirin aikin Frank shima babu shakka, ya bayyana da farko a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na kashi 3 (1890), a cikin ka'idodin tsari da haɓaka haɓaka; a lokaci guda kuma, mai ladabi, launin launi na orchestral, lyrical lyrical (2nd part) ya shaida sha'awar Chausson ga kiɗa na matasa C. Debussy (abokinsu wanda a cikin 1889 ya zama abokantaka wanda ya kasance kusan har mutuwar Chausson).
Yawancin ayyukan 90s, alal misali, sake zagayowar Greenhouses ("Les serres chaudes", zuwa waƙoƙin M. Maeterlinck, 1893-96), tare da karatun su mai katsewa, harshe mara ƙarfi mara ƙarfi (faɗin amfani da gyare-gyare), palette sauti na dabara. , za a iya dangana ga farkon impressionism. "Waƙar" don violin da orchestra (1896), wanda Debussy ya yaba sosai kuma yawancin 'yan wasan violin suka yi, ya sami suna musamman.
Abubuwan da aka tsara:
wasan kwaikwayo - Burin Marianne (Les caprices de Marianne, bisa ga wasan A. de Musset, 1884), Elena (a cewar Ch. Leconte de Lisle, 1886), Sarki Arthus (Le roi Arthus, lib. Sh., 1895). , post. 1903, t -r “De la Monnaie”, Brussels; cantata Balarabe (L'arabe, na skr., mawaƙa na maza da makaɗa, 1881); don makada Siphony B-dur (1890), wasan kwaikwayo. Waƙoƙin Vivian (1882, bugu na 2 1887), kaɗaita a cikin daji (Solitude dans les bois, 1886), Maraice na biki (Soir de fkte, 1898); Wakar Es-dur na Skr. da Orc. (1896); Waƙar Vedic don mawaƙa tare da orch. (Hymne védique, waƙoƙin Lecomte de Lisle, 1886); ga mawakan mata masu fp. Waƙar Bikin aure (Chant nuptial, lyrics by Leconte de Lisle, 1887), Waƙar Jana'izar (Chant funebre, lyrics by W. Shakespeare, 1897); don mawaƙa cappella - Jeanne d'Arc (wasan kwaikwayo na soloist da mawakan mata, 1880, mai yiyuwa guntuwar wasan opera da ba a gane ba), 8 motets (1883-1891), Ballad (lyrics by Dante, 1897) da sauransu; dakin kayan aiki ensembles – fp. trio g-moll (1881), fp. quartet (1897, V. d'Andy ya kammala), kirtani. quartet a c-minor (1899, ba a gama ba); concerto ga skr., fp. da igiyoyi. kwata (1891); don piano - 5 fantasies (1879-80), sonatina F-dur (1880), Tsarin ƙasa (Paysage, 1895), raye-raye da yawa (Quelques danses, 1896); don murya da makada – Waƙar Soyayya da Teku (Poeme de l'amour et de la mer, waƙoƙin Bouchor, 1892), Waƙar Madawwami (Chanson perpetuelle, waƙoƙin J. Cro, 1898); don murya da piano - waƙoƙi (St. 50) a gaba. Lecomte de Lisle, T. Gauthier, P. Bourget, Bouchor, P. Verlaine, Maeterlinck, Shakespeare da sauransu; Dubu biyu (2); kiɗa don wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo - The Tempest ta Shakespeare (1888, Petit Theater de Marionette, Paris), The Legend of St. Caecilians "by Bouchor (1892, ibid.), "Tsuntsaye" by Aristophanes (1889, ba post.).
VA Kulakov
