Nino Rota |

Nino Rota

Nino Rota: shi ma ya rubuta operas

An ayyana Juma'a 10 ga Afrilu a matsayin ranar makoki a Italiya. Al'ummar kasar sun yi alhini tare da binne wadanda bala'in girgizar kasar ya rutsa da su. Amma ko da ba tare da bala'i ba, wannan rana a cikin tarihin kasar ba ta da bakin ciki - daidai shekaru talatin da suka wuce mawaki Nino Rota ya rasu. Ko da a lokacin rayuwarsa, ya sami karbuwa a duniya tare da kiɗansa don fina-finai na Fellini, Visconti, Zeffirelli, Coppola, Bondarchuk ("Waterloo"). Ba tare da shakka ba, da ya zama sananne idan ya rubuta kiɗa don ɗaya daga cikin fina-finai da yawa - The Godfather. Kadan ne kawai a waje da Italiya sun san cewa Nino Rota shine marubucin wasan kwaikwayo goma, ballets uku, wasan kwaikwayo da ayyukan ɗakin. Ko da mutane kaɗan ne suka san wannan ɓangaren aikinsa, wanda shi da kansa ya ɗauka ya fi kiɗan fim muhimmanci.

An haifi Nino Rota a cikin 1911 a Milan a cikin dangi mai zurfin al'adun kiɗa. Daya daga cikin kakanninsa, Giovanni Rinaldi, dan wasan piano ne kuma mawaki. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 12, Nino ya rubuta wani oratori don mawaƙa, mawaƙa da mawaƙa "Yaran St. Yohanna Mai Baftisma". An yi oratorio a Milan. A cikin 1923, Nino ya shiga cikin Conservatory na Milan, inda ya yi karatu tare da mashahuran malamai na lokacin, Casella da Pizzetti. Ya rubuta wasan opera na farko Principe Porcaro (The Swineherd King) bisa tatsuniyar Andersen yana da shekaru 15. Ba a taɓa yin kida ba kuma ya rayu har yau a cikin kiɗan kiɗan piano da murya.

Haƙiƙa na farko na Rota a matsayin mawaƙin opera ya faru shekaru 16 bayan haka tare da wasan opera Ariodante a cikin ayyuka uku, wanda marubucin da kansa ya bayyana a matsayin “ nutsewa cikin melodrama na ƙarni na 19.” A farko da aka shirya a Bergamo (Teatro delle Novit), amma saboda yakin (shi ne 1942) da aka koma Parma - wannan "mazaunin melodramas", a cikin kalmomin wallafe-wallafe da kuma music tarihi Fedele D'Amico. Masu sauraro da farin ciki sun gaishe da wasan opera, inda duka mawaƙa da mai yin ɗayan manyan sassa suka fara halarta - wani Mario del Monaco. A duk lokacin da aka gama wasan, taron jama’a da ke son a ba su bayanan sirri sun kai musu hari.

Nasarar da Ariodante ya samu a tsakanin masu sauraron Parma da ke da wuya ya sa mawaƙin ya ƙirƙiri opera Torquemada a cikin 1942 yana aiki a cikin 4. Duk da haka, yanayin lokacin yaƙi ya hana farawa. Ya faru shekaru talatin da hudu bayan haka, amma bai kawo babban laurel ga wanda ya riga ya shahara kuma sanannen mawaki. A cikin shekarar da ta gabata na yakin, Nino Rota ya yi aiki a kan wani babban aikin wasan kwaikwayo, wanda kuma, an tilasta masa sanya a cikin aljihun tebur kuma ya manta da shi na dogon lokaci. Ƙari akan wannan yanki a ƙasa. Don haka, wasan opera ta biyu da aka yi ita ce wasan barkwanci guda ɗaya “I dui timidi” (“Shay Biyu”), da aka yi wa gidan rediyo kuma aka fara ji a rediyo. An ba ta kyauta ta musamman Premia Italia - 1950, daga baya ta yi tafiya a kan mataki na Scala Theater di Londra karkashin jagorancin John Pritchard.

Nasarar gaske ta zo ga mawaki a 1955 tare da wasan opera "Il capello di paglia di Firenze" bisa sanannen makircin "The Straw Hat" na E. Labichet. An rubuta a ƙarshen yakin kuma ya kwanta a kan tebur na shekaru da yawa. Wasan opera ta nuna kololuwar shaharar mawakin a matsayin wanda ya kirkiro opera classic. Rota da kansa ba zai iya tunawa da wannan aikin ba idan ba don abokinsa Maestro Cuccia ba, wanda marubucin ya buga wasan opera a kan piano nan da nan bayan kammala aikin a 1945, wanda kuma ya tuna da shi shekaru 10 bayan haka, bayan da ya karbi mukamin. Shugaban gidan wasan kwaikwayo Massimo di Palermo. Cuccia ya tilasta mawallafin opera don nemo maki, girgiza ƙura kuma ya shirya don mataki. Rota da kansa ya yarda cewa bai yi tsammanin nasarar da opera ta yi ba a cikin matakai na manyan gidajen wasan kwaikwayo a Italiya. Har ma a yau, "Il capello" ya kasance, watakila, shahararren wasan opera.

A ƙarshen shekarun hamsin, Rota ya rubuta ƙarin wasan kwaikwayo na rediyo biyu. Game da ɗayansu - wasan kwaikwayo guda ɗaya "La notte di un nevrastenico" ("The Night of Neurotic") - Rota ya yi magana a cikin wata hira da wani ɗan jarida: "Na kira opera wasan kwaikwayo na buffo. Gabaɗaya, wannan waƙar gargajiya ce. Yayin da nake aiki a kan aikin, na ci gaba daga gaskiyar cewa a cikin waƙoƙin kiɗa, kiɗa ya kamata ya rinjayi kalmar. Ba batun kwalliya ba ne. Ina son ’yan wasan su ji daɗi a kan mataki, don su iya nuna iyawarsu ta waƙa ba tare da wahala ba.” Wani wasan opera na wasan rediyo, tatsuniya mai taken "Lo scoiattolo in gamba" bisa ga libretto na Eduardo de Filippo, ba a lura da shi ba kuma ba a shirya shi a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo ba. A gefe guda kuma, Aladino e la lampada magica, bisa ga sanannun tatsuniyoyi na dare dubu da ɗaya, ya sami babban nasara. Rota ya yi aiki a kai a tsakiyar 60s tare da tsammanin wani mataki cikin jiki. An gudanar da wasan farko a cikin 1968 a San Carlo di Napoli, kuma bayan 'yan shekaru bayan Renato Castellani ya shirya shi a Opera na Rome tare da shimfidar wuri na Renato Guttuso.

Nino Rota ya ƙirƙiri wasan operas ɗinsa na ƙarshe, "La visita meravigliosa" ("Ziyara mai ban mamaki") da "Napoli Milionaria", a cikin shekaru masu girma. Aiki na ƙarshe, wanda aka rubuta bisa ga wasan kwaikwayo na E. de Filippo, ya haifar da amsa masu karo da juna. Wasu masu sukar sun amsa da ba'a: "Wani wasan kwaikwayo na gaskiya tare da kiɗa mai raɗaɗi", "maki mai ban sha'awa", amma yawancin sun karkata ga ra'ayin mawallafi, marubuci, mawaƙi kuma mai fassara Giorgio Vigolo: "Wannan nasara ce da gidan wasan opera namu ya samu. ana jiran shekaru da yawa daga mawaƙin zamani “.

Ya kamata a lura cewa aikin wasan kwaikwayo na mawallafin Italiyanci har yanzu abu ne na tattaunawa da jayayya. Ba tare da tambayar fitacciyar gudummawar Nino ga kiɗan fim ba, mutane da yawa suna ɗaukar gadonsa na opera a matsayin “marasa mahimmanci”, suna zarginsa da “ƙasa zurfin zurfi”, “rashin ruhin zamani”, “kwaikwayo” har ma da “flagiarism” na ɓangarorin kiɗan guda ɗaya. . Nazarin ƙwararrun opera na opera a hankali ya nuna cewa Nino Rota da gaske ya yi tasiri sosai da salo, tsari, da kuma kida na magabatansa, da farko Rossini, Donizetti, Puccini, Offenbach, da na zamaninsa kuma, bisa ga daban-daban. Sources, abokin Igor Stravinsky. Amma wannan ba ko kadan ba ya hana mu la'akari da aikinsa na operatic a matsayin gaba ɗaya na asali, yana mamaye wurinsa a cikin al'adun kiɗa na duniya.

Abin ban sha'awa, a ganina, zargi ne na "lalata", "wasan opera". Tare da wannan nasarar, za ka iya "suka" da yawa daga cikin ayyukan Rossini, ka ce, "Italiyanci a Algiers" ... Rota bai boye gaskiyar cewa, deifying Rossini, Puccini, da marigayi Verdi, Gounod da R. Strauss, ya ƙaunaci classic operettas. , Mawakan Amirka, sun ji daɗin wasan kwaikwayo na Italiyanci. Ƙaunar sirri da dandano, ba shakka, an nuna su a cikin nau'o'in "m" na aikinsa. Nino Rota sau da yawa maimaita cewa a gare shi babu wani darajar, "tsari" bambanci tsakanin music for cinema da kuma music ga opera mataki, concert zauren: "Na yi la'akari da wucin gadi yunƙurin raba music cikin" haske "," Semi-haske "," Mahimmancin “haske” yana wanzuwa ne kawai ga mai sauraron kiɗa, kuma ba don mahaliccinsa ba… A matsayina na mawaki, aikina a sinima baya wulakanta ni ko kaɗan. Kiɗa a cikin sinima ko a wasu nau'o'in abu ɗaya ne a gare ni."

Wasan operas ɗinsa ba safai ba, amma har yanzu suna fitowa lokaci-lokaci a gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na Italiya. Ba zan iya samun alamun abubuwan da suka yi a matakin Rasha ba. Amma daya ne kawai daga cikin shahararrun mawaki a kasar mu magana kundin: a watan Mayu 1991, wani babban concert sadaukar domin 80th ranar tunawa da haihuwar Nino Rota da aka gudanar a cikin Column Hall na House of theungiyoyin, tare da sa hannu na ƙungiyar makaɗa ta Bolshoi Theatre da Rediyo da Talabijin na Jiha. Masu karatu na tsakiya da na gaba, ku tuna irin mummunan rikicin tattalin arziki da siyasa da kasar ta shiga a wancan lokacin – watanni shida ya rage kafin rugujewarta. Kuma, duk da haka, jihar ta sami hanyoyi da dama don bikin wannan zagayowar.

Ba za a iya cewa an manta da mawallafin Italiyanci a cikin sabuwar Rasha ba. A shekarar 2006, da farko na play "Notes by Nino Rota" da aka gudanar a Moscow gidan wasan kwaikwayo na wata. Makircin ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da ba a taɓa mantawa da su ba na tsofaffi. Abubuwan da suka faru daga rayuwar jarumar ta baya suna canzawa tare da shirye-shirye da abubuwan da aka yi wahayi daga fina-finan Fellini. A cikin ɗaya daga cikin bita na wasan kwaikwayo na Afrilu 2006, mun karanta: “Kiɗansa, waɗanda aka bambanta da waƙa da ba kasafai ba, lyricism, wadatar ƙirƙira da dabarar shiga cikin niyyar daraktan fim, sauti cikin sabon wasan kwaikwayon da ya danganci rawa da pantomime.” Za mu iya kawai fatan cewa a cikin karni na mawaki (2011), mu opera masters za su tuna cewa Nino Rota ya yi aiki ba kawai don cinema, kuma, Allah ya kiyaye, za su nuna mana a kalla wani abu daga opera gadon.

An yi amfani da kayan gidan yanar gizon tesionline.it, abbazialascala.it, federazionecemat.it, teatro.org, listserv.bccls.org da Runet don labarin.