Orlando di Lasso |

Orlando da Lasso

Lasso. "Salve Regina" (Malaman Tallis)

O. Lasso, wanda ya yi zamani da Falasdinu, yana daya daga cikin shahararrun kuma fitattun mawakan a karni na 2. Aikinsa ya kasance abin sha'awa a ko'ina cikin Turai. An haifi Lasso a lardin Franco-Flemish. Babu wani tabbataccen abin da aka sani game da iyayensa da ƙuruciyarsa. Sai kawai labari ya tsira daga yadda Lasso, sa'an nan kuma raira waƙa a cikin mawaƙa na maza na cocin St. Nicholas, an sace sau uku don muryarsa mai ban mamaki. Lokacin da yake da shekaru goma sha biyu, an yarda da Lasso a cikin sabis na Mataimakin Mataimakin Sicily, Ferdinando Gonzaga, kuma tun lokacin rayuwar matashin mawaki ya cika da tafiye-tafiye zuwa kusurwoyi masu nisa na Turai. Tare da majiɓincinsa, Lasso ya yi tafiya ɗaya bayan ɗaya: Paris, Mantua, Sicily, Palermo, Milan, Naples da kuma, a ƙarshe, Roma, inda ya zama shugaban ɗakin sujada na Cathedral na St. ɗauki wannan matsayi shekaru XNUMX bayan haka). Domin samun wannan matsayi, dole ne mawaƙin ya kasance yana da iko mai kishi. Duk da haka, ba da daɗewa ba Lasso ya bar Roma. Ya yanke shawarar komawa ƙasarsa domin ya ziyarci ƴan uwansa, amma da isarsa can bai sake samun su da rai ba. A cikin shekarun baya, Lasso ya ziyarci Faransa. Ingila (wanda ya gabata) da kuma Antwerp. Ziyarar da aka yi a Antwerp ta kasance alama ta hanyar buga tarin ayyukan Lasso na farko: waɗannan su ne kashi biyar da kashi shida.

A 1556, wani canji ya zo a rayuwar Lasso: ya sami gayyatar shiga kotun Duke Albrecht V na Bavaria. Da farko, an shigar da Lasso a ɗakin sujada na Duke a matsayin ɗan kasuwa, amma bayan 'yan shekaru ya zama ainihin jagoran ɗakin sujada. Tun daga wannan lokacin, Lasso yana zama na dindindin a Munich, inda mazaunin Duke yake. Ayyukansa sun haɗa da samar da kiɗa don duk lokutan rayuwa na kotun, tun daga hidimar cocin safiya (wanda Lasso ya rubuta taron jama'a) zuwa ziyara daban-daban, bukukuwa, farauta, da dai sauransu. Da yake shi ne shugaban ɗakin sujada, Lasso ya sadaukar da kai. lokaci mai yawa ga ilimin mawaƙa da ɗakin karatu na kiɗa. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, rayuwarsa ta ɗauki halin natsuwa da kwanciyar hankali. Duk da haka, ko da a wannan lokacin ya yi wasu tafiye-tafiye (misali, a cikin 1560, bisa ga umarnin Duke, ya tafi Flanders don ɗaukar mawaƙa don ɗakin sujada).

Sunan Lasso ya girma duka a gida da kuma nesa. Ya fara tattarawa da tsara abubuwan da ya rubuta (aikin mawakan kotu na zamanin Lasso ya dogara da rayuwar kotun kuma ya kasance saboda abubuwan da ake bukata don rubuta "idan harka"). A cikin waɗannan shekarun, an buga ayyukan Lasso a Venice, Paris, Munich, da Frankfurt. Lasso ya sami karramawa tare da kyawawan haruffa "shugaban mawaƙa, Orlando allahntaka." Ayyukansa na aiki ya ci gaba har zuwa shekarun ƙarshe na rayuwarsa.

Ƙirƙirar Lasso yana da girma duka a cikin adadin ayyuka da kuma ɗaukar nau'o'i daban-daban. Mawaƙin ya zagaya ko'ina cikin Turai kuma ya san al'adun kiɗa na ƙasashen Turai da yawa. Ya kasance ya sadu da fitattun mawaƙa, masu fasaha, mawaƙa na Renaissance. Amma babban abu shi ne cewa Lasso cikin sauƙi ya kama kuma ya karyata waƙa da nau'ikan nau'ikan kiɗan daga ƙasashe daban-daban a cikin aikinsa. Ya kasance mawaƙin ƙasa da ƙasa da gaske, ba wai kawai saboda shahararsa ta ban mamaki ba, har ma saboda ya ji daɗi cikin tsarin harsunan Turai daban-daban (Lasso ya rubuta waƙoƙi a cikin Italiyanci, Jamusanci, Faransanci).

Ayyukan Lasso sun haɗa da nau'o'in al'ada (kimanin 600 talakawa, sha'awa, ma'auni) da nau'o'in kiɗa na duniya (madrigals, songs). Wani wuri na musamman a cikin aikinsa yana da motet: Lasso ya rubuta kimanin. 1200 motts, musamman bambancin abun ciki.

Duk da kamanceceniya da nau'ikan nau'ikan, kiɗan Lasso ya bambanta sosai da kiɗan na Palestine. Lasso ya fi dimokiraɗiyya da tattalin arziƙi wajen zaɓen hanyoyi: akasin waƙar waƙar Palestrina, jigogin Lasso sun fi taƙaitacciya, halaye da ɗaiɗaikun mutane. Fasahar Lasso tana da siffa ta hoto, wani lokaci a cikin ruhin masu fasahar Renaissance, bambance-bambance daban-daban, daɗaɗɗa da haske na hotuna. Lasso, musamman a cikin wakoki, wani lokaci kai tsaye yakan ari makirci daga rayuwar da ke kewaye, tare da shirin, raye-rayen raye-raye na wancan lokacin, abubuwan ta. Wadannan halaye na wakokin Lasso ne suka sanya ta zama hoton zamaninta.

A. Pilgun