Tarihin injin ganga

inji drum ake kira kayan kida na lantarki wanda da shi zaku iya ƙirƙira, gyarawa da adana wasu nau'ikan tsarin rhythmic mai maimaitawa - abin da ake kira madaukai na ganga. Sauran sunaye na kayan aikin su ne injin rhythm ko kwamfuta. A ainihinsa, wani tsari ne wanda a cikinsa ake tsara katako na kayan kida daban-daban. Ana amfani da injin ganga a nau'ikan kiɗa daban-daban: na farko, a cikin kiɗan lantarki (hip-hop, rap), kuma ya zama ruwan dare a cikin kiɗan pop, rock har ma da jazz.

Samfuran na'ura mai zagaya

Mafi nisa wanda ya riga ya rigaya kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka shine akwatin kiɗa. An halicce shi a Switzerland a cikin 1796, an yi amfani da shi don nishaɗi, yana yiwuwa a yi waƙa mai ban sha'awa tare da shi. Na'urar akwatin yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi - tare da taimakon na'urar motsa jiki na musamman, an fara motsi na abin nadi, wanda akwai ƙananan fil. Sun taɓa haƙoran tsefe na ƙarfe, don haka suna fitar da sauti bayan sauti kuma suna sake yin waƙa. Bayan lokaci, sun fara samar da rollers masu musanya don ku iya sarrafa sautin akwatin tare da wasu abubuwan da aka tsara.

Farkon karni na 1897 shine lokacin haifuwar kiɗan lantarki. A wannan lokacin, an ƙirƙira da ƙirƙira adadi mai yawa na kayan aikin lantarki. Ɗaya daga cikin na farko shi ne telharmonium, wanda aka halicce shi a cikin 150. Sigina na lantarki ya bayyana a cikinta ta hanyar amfani da kusan XNUMX dynamos, kuma maimakon mai magana, an yi amfani da lasifika a cikin nau'i na ƙaho. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a watsa sautin sashin wutar lantarki na farko akan hanyar sadarwar tarho. Daga baya, masana'antun na farko na kayan kida na lantarki sun fara shigar da wani tsari a cikin su wanda zai ba ka damar daidaita wasan tare da kari ta atomatik. Ƙarfin sarrafa shi ya sauko don zaɓar salon kiɗa da daidaita yanayin lokaci.

Injin ganga na farko

Ranar haihuwar hukuma na injin rhythm shine 1930. Masanin kimiyya na Rasha L. Theremin ne ya kirkiro shi tare da haɗin gwiwar G. Cowell. Aikin na'urar shine don sake yin sauti na mitar da ake buƙata. Ta hanyar latsawa da haɗa maɓallai daban-daban (a zahiri mai kama da gajeriyar madanni na piano), an sami damar samun nau'ikan tsarin rhythmic iri-iri. A cikin 1957, an saki kayan aikin Rhythmate a Turai. A cikinsa, an buga kari ta amfani da gutsuttsura na tef ɗin maganadisu. A shekara ta 1959, Wurlitzer ya ƙirƙira kwamfuta mai zaƙi na kasuwanci. Zai iya sake yin sauti na kayan kida daban-daban guda 10, kuma ka'idar aikinsa ta dogara ne akan amfani da bututun ruwa. A ƙarshen 1960s, Ace Tone, wanda yanzu ake kira Roland, ya fito da FR-1 Rhytm Ace. Na'urar ganga ta buga kade-kade 16 daban-daban kuma ta ba da damar a hada su. Tun 1978, na'urorin da aikin rikodi rhythmic alamu sun fara bayyana a kasuwa na lantarki kayan kida - Roland CR-78, Roland TR-808 da Roland TR-909, da kuma na karshe 2 model ne Popular a yau.

Zuwan na'ura mai kwakwalwa na dijital da haɗin kai

Idan har zuwa karshen shekarun 1970s duk na'urorin ganga suna da sautin analog na musamman, to a farkon 80s na'urorin dijital sun bayyana kuma sun fara samar da samfuran da ke goyan bayan (rakodi na dijital na kayan kida). Na farkon su shine Linn LM-1, daga baya wasu kamfanoni suka kaddamar da kera makamancin haka. Roland TR-909 da aka riga aka ambata yana ɗaya daga cikin na'urorin haɗakarwa na farko: yana ƙunshe da samfuran kuge, yayin da sautin duk sauran kayan kida ya kasance analog.

Injin ganguna sun bazu cikin sauri, kuma nan da nan kusan dukkanin kamfanonin da ke da hannu wajen haɓakawa da ƙirƙirar sabbin kayan kiɗan suka fara kera waɗannan na'urorin lantarki da ƙarfi. Tare da ci gaban masana'antar kwamfuta, kwamfyutocin kwamfyutoci na injinan drum suma sun bayyana - shirye-shiryen da ke ba ku damar ƙirƙira da shirya rhythms, ƙara samfuran ku, saita adadi mai yawa, har zuwa girman ɗakin da kuma sanya makirufo. a sarari. Koyaya, na gargajiya, injunan kari na hardware har yanzu ana amfani da su sosai a cikin kiɗa.