Da'irar maɓalli na Quarto-biyar

Da'irar maɓallai na quarto-biyar ko kuma kawai da'irar na biyar tsari ne don dacewa da saurin haddace duk maɓallai da alamomin da ke cikinsu.

A saman da'irar na biyar shine maɓallin C babba; agogon agogo - maɓalli masu kaifi, tonics ɗin da ke cikin cikakken kashi biyar sama da tonic na babban C na asali; counterclockwise – da'irar maɓallan lebur, kuma tana cikin kashi biyar masu tsafta, amma ƙasa kawai.

A lokaci guda kuma, lokacin da za a zagaya da'irar biyar zuwa agogo tare da kowane sabon maɓalli, adadin masu kaifi yana ƙaruwa sannu a hankali (daga ɗaya zuwa bakwai), yayin da yake tafiya a kan agogo, bi da bi, daga wannan maɓalli zuwa wancan, adadin fakitin yana ƙaruwa (kuma daga daya zuwa bakwai).

Maɓallai nawa ne a cikin kiɗa?

A cikin kiɗa, galibi ana amfani da maɓallai 30, waɗanda rabi ɗaya babba ne, ɗayan kuma ƙanana ne. Manya da ƙananan maɓallai suna samar da nau'i-nau'i bisa ga ka'idar daidaituwa a cikinsu na mahimman alamun canji - masu kaifi da filaye. Maɓallai masu alamomi iri ɗaya ana kiran su a layi daya. Gabaɗaya, saboda haka, akwai maɓallai guda 15 na layi ɗaya.

Daga cikin maɓallan 30, biyu ba su da alamun - waɗannan sune manyan C da ƙananan. Maɓallai 14 suna da kaifi (daga ɗaya zuwa bakwai a cikin tsari na kaifi FA DO SOL RELA MI SI), daga cikin waɗannan maɓallan 14, bakwai za su zama babba, bakwai, bi da bi, ƙanana. Wasu maɓallai 14 suna da filaye (kamar ɗaya, daga ɗaya zuwa bakwai, amma a cikin tsari na gidaje C MI LA RE SOL DO FA), wanda akwai kuma manya bakwai da ƙananan ƙananan bakwai.

Teburin duk maɓallan da mawaƙa ke amfani da su a aikace, tare da alamun su, ana iya saukar da su NAN, a buga su a yi amfani da su azaman takardar yaudara.

Bayani: Ta yaya ake kafa da'irar kashi biyar?

Na biyar a cikin wannan makirci shine mafi mahimmancin tazara. Me ya sa za a yi tsarki na biyar? Domin ta biyar ita ce ta zahiri (acoustically) hanya mafi kyawun halitta don motsawa daga wannan sauti zuwa wani, kuma wannan tazara mai sauƙi ta haifar da yanayi da kanta.

Saboda haka, an jera maɓallai masu kaifi a cikin kashi biyar zalla. An gina na biyar na farko daga bayanin kula "zuwa", wato, daga tonic na manyan C, maɓalli mai tsabta ba tare da alamu ba. Na biyar daga "do" shine "do-sol". Wannan yana nufin cewa bayanin kula "G" ya zama tonic na maɓalli na gaba a cikin da'irar biyar, zai zama maɓalli na G babba kuma yana da alama ɗaya - F-kaifi.

Mun gina na biyar na gaba riga daga sautin "sol" - "sol-re", sakamakon sautin "re" shine tonic na tonality na gaba na da'irar biyar - tonic na babban sikelin D, wanda akwai guda biyu. Alamun - kaifi biyu (fa da yi). Tare da kowane gina na biyar, za mu sami sababbin maɓallai masu kaifi, kuma adadin masu kaifi zai ƙara ƙaruwa har sai ya kai bakwai (har sai an ɗaga dukkan matakai).

Don haka, idan muka gina kashi biyar, farawa daga “zuwa”, to muna samun jerin maɓallai masu zuwa: G manyan (1 kaifi), D babba (2 sharps), Manyan (3 sharps), E manyan (4 sharps), B manyan (5 sharps), F babba (6 sharps), C kaifi manyan (7 sharps) . Yawan tonics da aka yi rikodi sun juya sun yi faɗi sosai har mutum ya fara yin rikodi a cikin ɓangarorin bass kuma a gama shi a cikin ƙwanƙwasa treble.

Tsarin da aka ƙara kaifi shine: FA, DO, SOL, RE, LA, MI, SI. Har ila yau, an raba kaifi da juna ta hanyar tazarar cikakkiyar ta biyar. Wannan yana da alaƙa da wannan. Kowane sabon kaifi ya bayyana a mataki na bakwai na sikelin, mun yi magana game da wannan a cikin labarin "Yadda za a tuna da alamun a maɓalli". Hakazalika, idan tonics na sababbin maɓallan suna ci gaba da tafiya ta hanyar cikakken na biyar, to, matakan su na bakwai kuma suna motsawa daga juna da daidai daidai na biyar.

Lebur manyan maɓallai ana shirya su a cikin kashi biyar masu tsabta daga zuwa". Hakazalika, tare da kowane sabon maɓalli akwai karuwa a cikin adadin filaye a cikin ma'auni. Kewayon maɓallan lebur shine kamar haka: F manyan (gidaje daya), manyan B flat manyan (2 flats), E flat manyan (3 falo), Babban falo (4 falo), D manyan gidaje (5), G flat manyan (6 gidaje) da C-flat babba (gidaje 7).

Tsarin bayyanar filaye: SI, MI, LA, RE, GISHIRI, DO, FA. Filaye, kamar kaifi, ana ƙara su a cikin biyar, kawai ƙasa. Haka kuma, tsarin filaye iri ɗaya ne da tsarin maɓalli na reshe na lebur na da'irar huɗu, farawa daga manyan B-lebur.

To, a yanzu, a ƙarshe, za mu gabatar da dukan da'irar maɓallai, wanda, don cikawa, za mu ƙara ƙananan ƙananan yara ga dukan manyan.

Af, da'irar na biyar ba za a iya kira da'irar sosai ba, yana da wani nau'i na karkace, tun a wani mataki. wasu tonalities suna haɗuwa saboda daidaituwa a cikin sauti. Bugu da ƙari, da'irar na biyar ba a rufe ba, ana iya ci gaba da shi tare da sababbin maɓalli masu rikitarwa tare da haɗari guda biyu - ƙwanƙwasa biyu da ɗakin kwana biyu (irin waɗannan maɓallai da wuya a yi amfani da su a cikin kiɗa). Za mu yi magana game da matching tonalities dabam, amma kadan daga baya.

Daga ina sunan "quarto-quint Circle" ya fito?

Ya zuwa yanzu, mun yi la'akari da motsi a cikin da'irar kawai a cikin biyar kawai kuma ba mu taba ambata na hudu ba. To me yasa suke nan? Me yasa cikakken sunan makirci yayi kama da "da'irar quart-quint"?

Gaskiyar ita ce ta hudu ita ce juyar da tazarar ta biyar. Kuma ana iya samun nau'in nau'in tonalities na da'irar idan kun motsa ba a cikin biyar ba, amma a cikin hudu.

Misali, za a iya shirya maɓallai masu kaifi ba ta cikakken kashi biyar sama ba, amma ta tsantsar huɗun ƙasa. Kuna samun layi ɗaya:

Za'a iya shirya maɓallan lebur ba ta hanyar kashi biyar masu tsafta ba, amma ta tsantsar huɗun sama. Kuma sakamakon zai kasance iri ɗaya:

Maɓallai daidai gwargwado

Ƙarfafawa a cikin kiɗa shine daidaituwar abubuwa a cikin sauti, amma bambancinsu a cikin suna, rubutun kalmomi ko nadi. Daidaitan Enharmonic na iya zama bayanin kula mai sauƙi: misali, C-sharp da D-flat. Anharmonicity kuma sifa ce ta tazara ko maƙallan ƙira. A wannan yanayin, za mu yi magana da shi maɓallai daidai da enharmonic, bi da bi, ma'aunin ma'auni na waɗannan maɓallan kuma za su yi daidai da sauti.

Kamar yadda muka riga muka lura, irin wannan tonality coinciding a cikin sauti yana bayyana a mahadar kaifi da lebur rassan da'irar na biyar. Waɗannan maɓallai ne masu yawan haruffa - masu kaifi biyar, shida ko bakwai ko filaye.

Maɓallai masu zuwa daidai suke da enharmonic:

• B manyan (5 sharps) da C flat manya (7 flats)
• Daidai da ƙananan G-kaifi mai suna (5 sharps) da ƙananan A-lebur (gidaje 7);
• Manyan F-kaifi (6 sharps) da G-flat manyan (filaye 6);
• Daidai da su, ƙananan ƙananan D-kaifi da ƙananan E-flat tare da adadi iri ɗaya;
• Manyan C-kaifi (7 sharps) da D-flat manyan (filaye 5);
• Daidai da waɗannan sifofin sune ƙananan ƙananan A-kaifi (kuma 7 sharps) da ƙananan B-lebur (filaye 5).

Yadda ake amfani da da'irar maɓalli na biyar?

Na farko, da Za a iya amfani da da'irar na biyar azaman takardar yaudara mai dacewa don koyon duk maɓalli da alamun su.

Na biyu, da ta hanyar da'irar biyar, mutum zai iya tantance bambanci tsakanin maɓallan biyu cikin sauƙi. Don yin wannan, kawai ƙidaya sassan daga maɓallin asali zuwa wanda muke kwatantawa da shi.

Misali, tsakanin G major da E babba, bambancin sassa uku ne, sabili da haka, wurare na adadi uku. Tsakanin manyan C da manyan A-flat akwai bambanci na filaye 4.

Bambanci a cikin alamun an fi nunawa a fili ta hanyar da'irar kashi biyar, zuwa sassa. Domin hoton da'irar ya zama m, ana iya rubuta maɓallan da ke cikin ta ta amfani da sunan harafi:

A ƙarshe, da abu na uku a cikin da'irar kashi biyar, nan take za ku iya kafa "'yan uwa na kusa" na ɗaya ko wani maɓalli, wato. Ƙayyade yawan adadin digiri na farko na dangi. Suka suna cikin sashe ɗaya da maɓallin asali (daidaitacce) kuma suna kusa da kowane gefe.

Alal misali, ga G major, E qananan (a cikin sashe ɗaya), da kuma C manya da ƙananan (bangaren maƙwabta a hagu), D babba da B ƙananan (bangar maƙwabta a hannun dama) za a yi la'akari da irin waɗannan maɓallan masu alaƙa. .

Za mu sake komawa zuwa cikakken nazarin maɓallai masu alaƙa a nan gaba, sa'an nan kuma za mu koyi duk hanyoyi da asirin binciken su.

Kadan game da tarihin da'irar biyar

Babu wanda ya san ainihin lokacin da kuma wanda aka ƙirƙira da'irar na biyar. Amma farkon kwatancin irin wannan tsarin suna kunshe a cikin rubutun na m 1679 - a cikin aikin "Music Grammar" by Nikolai Diletsky. An yi nufin littafinsa don koyar da mawaƙa na coci. Ya kira da'irar manyan ma'auni da "dabaran kiɗan farin ciki", da kuma da'irar ƙananan ma'auni - dabaran "kiɗa mai bakin ciki". Musikia - an fassara wannan kalma a matsayin "kiɗa" daga Slavic.

Yanzu, ba shakka, wannan aikin yana da ban sha'awa musamman a matsayin abin tunawa na tarihi da al'adu, ka'idar ka'idar kanta ba ta cika bukatun zamani ba. Duk da haka, ana iya cewa tun daga wannan lokacin, da'irar na biyar ya zama tushen koyarwar koyarwa kuma ya shiga kusan dukkanin sanannun litattafan Rasha game da ka'idar kiɗa.

Yan uwa! Idan tambayoyi game da batun da'irar na biyar ba su riga sun ƙare kansu ba, to, tabbatar da rubuta su a cikin sharhin wannan labarin. A cikin rabuwa, muna gayyatar ku don sauraron wasu kyawawan kiɗa. Bari ya kasance a yau Shahararriyar soyayya ta Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka "The Lark" (ayoyi na mawãƙi Nikolai Kukolnik). Singer - Victoria Ivanova.