Ranar tunawa da kiɗa 2016

Kowace shekara tana kawo mana abubuwa da yawa a duniyar kiɗa. Muna tunawa da sunayen mashahuran mawaƙa da masu yin wasan kwaikwayo, manyan abubuwan farko. 2016 ba togiya.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - shekaru 260!

Ba zato ba tsammani, a wannan shekara muna bikin ranakun tunawa 2: Janairu 27 - 260 shekaru tun haihuwar, da Disamba 5 - 225 shekaru tun mutuwar Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Irin wannan haɗuwa na kamala na gargajiya da gwaje-gwaje masu ban tsoro ba za a iya samu ba, mai yiwuwa, a cikin kowane al'ada. Hazaka na asali ya faɗi a ƙasa mai albarka. Ba a san yadda makomar maestro za ta ci gaba ba idan ba a haife shi ba a cikin dangin fitaccen mawaki kuma malami mai hankali Leopold Mozart. Ya yi duk abin da ya sa yaro mai hazaka ya zama ƙwararren mawaki da ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙwararru.

Abin sha'awa, Mozart shine marubucin waƙar ƙasar Austria ta zamani. Ana ɗaukar kiɗan sa daga aikin da mawaki ya rubuta kwanaki 19 kafin mutuwarsa, "Masonic Cantata". An rubuta kalmomin a cikin karni na XNUMX akan gasa ta hanyar mawaƙa Paula von Preradovich.

Ya kamata a lura da gaskiyar cewa 2016 alama ce ta 245th ranar tunawa da farkon samar da opera Mithridates, Sarkin Pontus, wanda jama'a suka karbe shi da farin ciki. Kuma bayan shekaru 1, a cikin 5, wasan farko na wasan kwaikwayo "Aure na Figaro" ya faru, waƙoƙin waƙa waɗanda nan da nan aka ɗauke su cikin ƙididdiga da mawaƙa na titi, a cikin gidajen abinci, a cikin gidajen manyan mutane.

Akwai tatsuniyoyi da yawa game da wannan ƙwararren mawaki. Wasu sun faru a gaskiya, wasu masana tarihi sunyi la'akari da almara. Amma sunansa, kamar kerawa, yana da sha'awa akai-akai, babu wanda ba shi da sha'awa.

Biyu Rasha baiwa - Prokofiev da Shostakovich

A cikin 2016, al'ummar mawaƙa suna murna da bukukuwan bukukuwan 2 masu mahimmanci na kiɗa na Rasha na karni na 125: bikin 110th na S. Prokofiev da ranar XNUMXth na D. Shostakovich. Waɗannan su ne guda biyu daidai, amma gaba ɗaya ba su da kamanni biyu a cikin hali da kuma cikin kerawa, mutane. Rayuwar su da al'adun su an yi nazari da yawa daga ƙarni na masana tarihi na fasaha kuma koyaushe suna tayar da sha'awa.

Sun kasance antipodes a cikin komai, gami da ra'ayoyinsu kan al'adun gargajiya, dangane da ƙungiyar kade-kade. Sun yi sanyi ga junansu. Duk da cewa duka mawaƙa sun sami ilimi a St.

Suna sukar juna ba tare da jin ƙai ba, suna zagin rashin ɗanɗano, aron kayan kiɗa, yawan tasirin waje akan ma'ana mai zurfi. Kuma duk da haka sun tsaya a jere daya, suna jagorantar dukan zamanin a cikin al'adun Rasha, bayan sun sami damar shigar da bambancinta da fadinsa.

Pianist Vladimir Sofronitsky yana da shekaru 115!

A cikin 2016, muna bikin wani bikin tunawa da shekaru biyu - shekaru 115 tun haihuwar da shekaru 55 tun mutuwar ƙwararren ɗan wasan pian Vladimir Sofronitsky. Tafarkinsa na kirkire-kirkire ba shi da kyalkyali kamar na sauran masu yin wasan kwaikwayo, babu wani kaddara mai kaifi a cikinta. Amma idan ka yi nazarin tarihin rayuwarsa, za ka yi mamakin yawan shagali.

An haife shi a cikin dangi haziƙi, waɗanda a cikin membobinsu akwai masana kimiyya, mawaƙa, mawaƙa, da masu fasaha. Ya yi karatun firamare na waka a Warsaw. Bayan ya dawo tare da iyalinsa zuwa St. Bayan kammala shi, sunan Sofronitsky sau da yawa yana walƙiya a cikin fastocin kide kide. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa pianist bai taba shiga cikin gasa ba kuma kansa ya yarda cewa ba ya son gasa tare da sauran masu wasan kwaikwayo.

Wasansa ya sami amincewar Svyatoslav Richter, wanda a farkon taron, bayan shan gilashin 'yan uwantaka, bisa ga al'ada, "wanda ake kira" Sofronitsky Allah. Kuma fassarorinsa masu haske na ayyukan Scriabin da Chopin har yanzu suna ta da sha'awar masoya kiɗan.

Galina Vishnevskaya yana da shekaru 90!

A ranar 25 ga Oktoba, sanannen mawaƙin opera, wanda ya mallaki babbar soprano, Galina Vishnevskaya, zai cika shekaru 90 da haihuwa. Rayuwarta ba ta da sauƙi. Ta shafe duk yarinta a Kronstadt, ta tsira daga toshewar Leningrad, tana da shekaru 16, har ma ta yi aiki a cikin sojojin sama, yayin da ta shiga cikin kide-kide na mayaka.

A shekara ta 1952, ta wuce babban zaɓi na gasa ga ƙungiyar masu horar da wasan kwaikwayo na Bolshoi, kuma nan da nan ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu soloists. A matsayin wani ɓangare na wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo kuma a matsayin mai wasan kwaikwayo, Vishnevskaya ya yi tafiya zuwa rabin duniya tare da kide-kide. Da jin wasan kwaikwayo na singer a rediyo, da tsanani rashin lafiya Akhmatova sadaukar ayar "Sauraron waƙa" zuwa gare ta.

Juya batu a cikin rayuwar Galina Vishnevskaya shi ne saba da mijinta na gaba Mstislav Rostropovich. Bayan da ma'auratan sun ba da mafaka a dacha ga Solzhenitsyn kuma sun nuna goyon baya ga shi, hukumomin Tarayyar Soviet sun hana su ayyukan kirkire-kirkire kuma sun hana su ambaci sunayen Vishnevskaya da Rostropovich a cikin jarida. An tilasta wa ma'auratan barin ƙasar. A 1990, da singer da mijinta aka mayar da zama dan kasa da kuma duk regalia.

Kusan ba a sani ba kuma mai girma mai taimako Mitrofan Belyaev

A ranar 22 ga watan Fabrairu ne aka yi bikin cika shekaru 189 da haifuwar mutumin da ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa wajen tallafa wa mawakan Rasha, mai ba da agaji Mitrofan Belyaev. Duk da yake kawai Turai music aka gane a matsayin "saman" al'umma, Belyaev kashe mafi yawan kudaden da aka samu daga kasuwancinsa don tallafa wa matasa, har yanzu kusan ba a san mawallafin Rasha ba, kuma ya biya kuɗin buga ayyukansu. Masanin masana'antu ya dauki nauyin, idan aka kwatanta da zamani, kide-kide guda biyu na kiɗan Rasha a nunin duniya a birnin Paris a 1880, waɗanda su ne farkon sanin Turai da kiɗan Rasha.

Godiya ga majiɓinci, an shirya Belyaevsky Circle. Mawakan da aka haɗa a cikinsa sun ci gaba a wani ɓangare na hadisai na Maɗaukaki.

Wasan kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa - opera "Ivan Susanin"

Ba shi yiwuwa a yi watsi da wani muhimmin al'amari a cikin al'adun Rasha - farkon wasan opera na farko na Rasha ta MI Glinka's Life for Tsar, wanda ya juya 2016 a 180. A lokacin wanzuwarsa, wasan kwaikwayon ya sami canje-canje da yawa. Da farko, marubucin ya ba wa zuriyarsa suna "Ivan Susanin". Amma kafin a fara farawa, Glinka, da mafi girman izinin sarki kansa, ya sake masa suna.

Rubutun opera ya kasance ta fuskoki da yawa masu goyon bayan masarauta, kuma don a ba da izinin yin ta a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Soviet, mawallafin Sergei Gorodetsky ya canza libretto, yana mai da shi jama'a-kishin kasa. A wani lokaci a cikin mawaƙa na ƙarshe "Glory" har ma da kalmomin "Tsarin Soviet" an ji su, daga baya aka maye gurbinsu da "Mutanen Rasha". Na dogon lokaci, Fyodor Chaliapin shine mai yin wasan dindindin na sashin Susanin.

Dmitri Shostakovich - Romance daga fim din "The Gadfly"

Mawallafi - Victoria Denisova