Kalanda na kiɗa - Disamba

Disamba a cikin m tarihi alama ta haihuwar irin shahararrun mawaki kamar Beethoven, Sibelius, Berlioz, Puccini, Sviridov, Shchedrin da Kabalevsky, kazalika da dama high-profile premieres.

Muses favorites haifa a watan Disamba

8 Disamba 1865 shekaru an haife shi a ƙaramin garin Hyamenliana na Finnish Jean Sibelius. Mawakin ya samu karramawa a kasarsa da irin wannan karramawa wanda da kyar wani mawaki ya samu a rayuwarsa. Sahihin waƙarsa, da nuna gaskiya na halayen mutanensa, ya sanya mawakin ya shahara fiye da iyakokin ƙasarsa. Sibelius sau da yawa ya juya zuwa ga almara na Finnish, yana saƙa abubuwan ƙasa a cikin waƙoƙinsa.

11 Disamba 1803 shekaru a garin La Cote-Saint-André da ke kusa da Grenoble na Faransa an haife shi Hector Berlioz. Wani wanda ya koyar da kansa, ya koyi duk hikimar kimiyyar kiɗa da kansa: mahaifinsa ya hana shi yin piano, yana jin tsoron yawan sha'awar ɗansa ga kiɗa. Amma an tabbatar da tsoronsa: ɗan ba kawai ya zaɓi kiɗa a matsayin sana'arsa ba, amma kuma ya sami karɓuwa a duniya a matsayin mawaki, mai ƙididdigewa, mahaliccin wasan kwaikwayo na shirin. Tare da aikinsa, ya ba da gudummawa ga ci gaba da ci gaba da jagorancin soyayya a cikin kiɗa.

16 Disamba 1770 shekaru wani al'amari ya faru a Jamus, wanda ba za a iya ƙididdige mahimmancinsa ba: a birnin Bonn. Ludwig van Beethoven. Duk da wuya yara, da yawa sa'o'i na azuzuwan shirya da mahaifinsa a cikin ƙoƙari na yin wani mu'ujiza yaro daga dansa, Beethoven bai rasa soyayya ga music kuma ya zama daya daga cikin masters na Viennese classicism, raba wannan take tare da mai girma. Haydn da Mozart. ƙwararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, ɗan tawaye, a cikin aikinsa koyaushe yana bin ra'ayin nasarar ikon ruhu bisa duhu da rashin adalci. Yawancin mawaƙa sun ɗauke shi jagoransu, daga cikinsu akwai G. Berlioz, I. Brahms, G. Mahler, F. Liszt, S. Prokofiev, A. Schoenberg, D. Shostakovich, kuma wannan ɗan ƙaramin bangare ne na mabiyansa.

A wannan rana. Disamba 16, amma 1915 wani mawaki dan kasar Rasha, dan wasan piano da madugu ya bayyana a birnin Fatezh Georgy Sviridov. Ayyukansa yana da alaƙa da kusanci da tushen jama'a, koyaushe yana sanya kansa a matsayin ɗan ƙasarsa. Mawaƙin ya kasance masanin zane-zane da waƙoƙin Rashanci, kuma ya yaba da basirar Pushkin. Duk aikinsa yana cike da sha'awar sha'awar nagarta, adalci, jituwa na ciki, kuma a lokaci guda, fahimtar wasan kwaikwayo na zamanin, abubuwan kwarewa.

Ranar 16 ga Disamba ta kasance alamar haihuwar wani shahararren mawaki. Disamba 16, 1932 ya shigo duniya Rodion Shchedrin. Kiɗa ya kewaye mawaƙi na gaba tun daga ƙuruciya, tun lokacin da mahaifinsa ya kasance masanin kiɗa. Shekaru na samartaka sun zo daidai da babban bala'i na mutanen Soviet, kuma yaron ya yi ƙoƙari da yawa don tserewa zuwa gaba. A nan gaba, zafi daga gwaninta ya canza zuwa ƙirƙirar ayyuka masu mahimmanci na batutuwa na soja. Hanyarsa ta mawaki ita ce ta shawo kan son zuciya, rashin hankali, da rashin fahimtar masu sauraro. Ya kasance yana da nasa ra'ayin, ya yi imani cewa dole ne mutum ya rayu kuma ya yi halitta don makomar gaba, don kyautatawa na baya.

22 Disamba 1858 shekaru ya shigo duniya Giacomo Puccini, Babban Jagoran opera na Italiyanci. Masu suka ba su yarda ba wajen tantance aikinsa. Wasu sun kira waƙar sa mai daɗi, haske, bai cancanci ɗaukar matsayi a cikin fitattun fitattun opera na duniya ba. Wasu kuma sun dauke ta da rashin kunya har ma da "mai jini". Kuma jama'a ne kawai ke sha'awar fasaharsa. Lokaci ya sanya komai a wurin sa kuma a yau operas na Puccini suna nan a cikin jerin waƙa na duk gidajen opera a duniya.

30 Disamba 1904 shekaru An haifi Dmitry Kablevsky, mawaki, babban malamin waka, fitaccen malami, jajircewar jama'a. Ya tsara kusan dukkanin nau'o'i, yana ba da fifiko ga jigogi na matasa. Ya jawo hankalin jama'a ta kowace hanya zuwa ga matsalolin ilimin halayyar yara da matasa kuma ya haifar da cikakkiyar ma'anar ilimin kiɗa, wanda ya zama tushen tsarin karatun kiɗa na makaranta.

Fim ɗin da ya sa mutane magana game da kansu

A ranar 9 ga Disamba, tare da bambance-bambance na daidai shekaru 6, abubuwa biyu sun faru waɗanda suka zama juyi a cikin tarihin kiɗa na Rasha. A 1836, da farko na 1st kasa opera, A Life for Tsar da mai girma Mikhail Glinka, ya faru a Mariinsky Theater. Kuma a cikin 1842, a wannan rana, a kan wannan mataki na biyu na masters opera, Ruslan da Lyudmila.

Bayan fara wasan kwaikwayo na farko, Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas I ya ba Glinka zoben lu'u-lu'u a matsayin alamar amincewarsa mafi girma. Ainihin lakabin opera "Ivan Susanin" ya kasance kusan har zuwa farkon, amma an canza shi zuwa "Life for the Tsar" bisa ga buƙatar mawaki tare da izinin shugaban kasa. Daga baya, sunan da aka mayar, tun da na biyu version bai dace da ruhun matasa Soviet jihar, kuma shi ne ba zai yiwu ba a yi wasan opera a kan opera matakai na USSR.

Wakar farko ta Bayan daga opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila” na MI Glinka

Farkon "Ruslan" ba haka ba ne mai ban sha'awa. A mataki na biyar, dangin sarki sun bar akwatin, kuma kotu ta biyo baya. A ƙarshe, masu sauraro ba su yi tafi ba gaba ɗaya, kamar yadda marubucin kansa ya yi magana a kai. Duk da haka, opera ya gudana don wasanni 32 a farkon kakarsa. Abin sha'awa, wanda aka shirya a Paris, an buga wasan kwaikwayon daidai adadin lokuta.

A watan Disamba, kawai riga a 1892, akwai wani gagarumin farko. A ranar 18 ga wata, an gabatar da Nutcracker na Pyotr Tchaikovsky ga jama'a a karon farko a dandalin wasan kwaikwayo na Mariinsky. An gudanar da aiki a kan ƙirƙirar wannan babban zane tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da mashahuran mawaƙa Marius Petipa, wanda ya ba wa mawaki cikakken shawarwari game da yanayin kiɗan. An cakude suka, amma har wala yau ballet ita ce aikin da jama’a ke so.

Wakar Bayan ta biyu daga opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila” na MI Glinka

Mawallafi - Victoria Denisova