Kalanda na kiɗa - Agusta

Agusta shine ƙarshen bazara. A wannan watan yawanci ba shi da wadata a abubuwan da suka faru na kade-kade, ’yan wasan kwaikwayo suna hutu daga yawon bude ido, kuma da kyar ba za ku ga firamare a matakan wasan kwaikwayo ba. Duk da haka, ya ba wa duniya da yawa shahararru da suka bar su a kan music. Daga cikin su akwai mawaki A. Glazunov, A. Alyabyev, A. Salieri, K. Debussy, vocalists M. Bieshu, A. Pirogov, shugaba V. Fedoseev.

Masu mulkin zaren ruhi

10 Agusta 1865 shekara mawaki ya shigo duniya Alexander Glazunov. Abokin Borodin, ya kammala ayyukan da ba a gama ba na maigidan daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. A matsayin malami Glazunov goyon bayan matasa Shostakovich a lokacin da post-revolutionary barna. A cikin aikinsa, an gano alaƙa tsakanin kiɗan Rasha na karni na XNUMX da sabon kiɗan Soviet a fili. Mawaƙin ya kasance mai ƙarfi a ruhu, mai daraja a cikin dangantaka da abokai da abokan hamayya, manufarsa da sha'awarsa sun jawo hankalin mutane masu tunani, ɗalibai, da masu sauraro zuwa gare shi. Daga cikin mafi kyau ayyukan Glazunov ne symphonies, da symphonic waka "Stenka Razin", da ballet "Raymonda".

Daga cikin mawaƙa akwai waɗanda suka shahara saboda ƙwararriyar fasaha guda ɗaya. Irin wannan, alal misali, an haife shi Agusta 15, 1787 Alexander Alyabyev - marubucin sanannen kuma ƙaunataccen miliyoyin soyayya "Nightingale". Ana yin soyayya a ko'ina cikin duniya, akwai tsari na kayan kida da kayan aiki daban-daban.

Ƙaddamar mawaƙa ba ta da sauƙi. A lokacin yakin 1812, ya ba da kansa ga gaba, ya yi yaƙi a cikin almara Rejista Denis Davydov, ya ji rauni, bayar da lambar yabo da umarni biyu. Duk da haka, bayan yakin, an yi kisan kai a gidansa. An yanke masa hukunci, ko da yake ba a sami wata shaida kai tsaye ba. Bayan gwaji na shekaru 3, an aika da mawaki zuwa gudun hijira na shekaru da yawa.

Bugu da kari ga romance "The Nightingale", Alyabyev bar wani wajen babban gado - wadannan su ne 6 operas, da yawa vocal ayyuka na daban-daban nau'o'i, alfarma music.

18 Agusta 1750 shekara an haifi shahararren dan Italiyanci Antonio Salieri Mawaƙi, malami, madugu. Ya bar alama a kan makomar mawaƙa da yawa, daga cikinsu akwai Mozart, Beethoven da Schubert. Wakilin makarantar Gluck, ya sami nasara mafi girma a cikin nau'in opera-seria, wanda ya mamaye yawancin mawaƙa na lokacinsa. Na dogon lokaci ya kasance a tsakiyar cibiyar rayuwar kiɗa na Vienna, yana gudanar da wasan kwaikwayo, ya jagoranci ƙungiyar mawaƙa, ya jagoranci ilimin kiɗa a cikin cibiyoyin jihar na babban birnin Austria.

20 Agusta 1561 shekara ya shigo duniya Jacopo Peri, Mawaƙin Florentine, marubucin opera na farko da ya zo mana - "Eurydice". Abin sha'awa, Peri kansa ya zama sananne duka a matsayin wakilin sabon nau'in fasaha da kuma mawaƙa, wanda ya yi babban ɓangaren Orpheus a cikin halittarsa. Kuma duk da cewa wasan opera na mawakin da ya biyo baya ba su samu irin wannan nasarar ba, amma shi ne mawallafin shafi na farko a tarihin wasan opera.

22 Agusta 1862 shekara an haifi mawaƙa, wanda galibi ana kiransa uban kiɗa na ƙarni na XNUMX - Claude Debussy. Shi da kansa ya ce yana kokarin nemo sabbin abubuwan da ke faruwa a waka, kuma wadanda suka kira alkiblar aikin sa wawaye ne.

Mawaƙin ya ɗauki sauti, tonality, chord a matsayin adadi masu zaman kansu waɗanda za a iya haɗa su cikin jituwa masu launuka iri-iri, ba'a iyakance ta kowace al'ada da ƙa'idodi ba. An kwatanta shi da ƙauna ga shimfidar wuri, iska, ruwa na nau'i, rashin jin dadi na inuwa. Debussy ya yi duka a cikin nau'in shirin suite, duka na piano da orchestral. Mafi shahara daga cikinsu sune "Sea", "Nocturnes", "Prints", "Bergamas Suite"

Stage Maestro

3 Agusta 1935 shekara a kudancin Moldova aka haife shi Maria Bieshu Opera da chamber soprano. Ana iya gane muryarta daga sautunan farko kuma tana da bayyananniyar magana. A zahiri yana haɗa sautin velvety cike da sautin “ƙasasshen”, “fiye” mai kyalli da wani sabon rikodin tsakiyar ƙirji mai girgiza.

Tarin ta ya haɗa da mafi girman kyaututtuka da lakabi na fasaha, nasara a kan manyan matakan wasan opera na duniya, nasara a cikin manyan gasa na ƙasa da ƙasa. Mafi kyawun ayyukanta sune Cio-Cio-San, Aida, Tosca, Tatyana.

4 Agusta 1899 shekara haifaffen Ryazan Alexander Pirogov, Rasha Soviet singer-bass. Yaro na biyar a cikin iyali, ya zama mafi basira, ko da yake ya fara raira waƙa a lokacin da yake da shekaru 16. A lokaci guda tare da m Alexander samu wani tarihi da kuma philological ilimi. Bayan kammala karatu, da singer yi aiki a daban-daban gidan wasan kwaikwayo kamfanoni har sai da ya shiga cikin Bolshoi Theater a 1924.

A cikin shekarun aikinsa, Pirogov ya yi kusan dukkanin shahararrun sassan bass, kuma ya shiga cikin ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo na Soviet na zamani. An kuma san shi a matsayin mawaƙin ɗakin gida, mai yin wasan kwaikwayo na Rasha da waƙoƙin jama'a.

5 Agusta 1932 shekara fitaccen shugaba na zamaninmu ya zo duniya Vladimir Fedoseev. A karkashin jagorancinsa, Grand Symphony Orchestra mai suna. Tchaikovsky ya shahara a duniya. A lokacin 2000th-XNUMXst ƙarni, Fedoseev ya kasance jagoran kungiyar kade-kade ta Vienna, a cikin XNUMXs ya kasance bako mai kula da Zurich Opera House da kuma Tokyo Philharmonic Orchestra. Ana kiransa akai-akai don yin aiki tare da manyan makada na duniya.

Ayyukansa a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na opera koyaushe ana yaba su sosai, rikodin ayyukan da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun mawaƙa - Mahler, Tchaikovsky, Brahms, Taneyev, operas na Dargomyzhsky, Rimsky-Korsakov ke warwatse cikin tarin masoya kiɗa. A karkashin jagorancinsa, an yi rikodin duk waƙoƙin Beethoven guda 9.

Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa a cikin duniyar kiɗa

A ranar 3 ga Agusta, 1778, an buɗe gidan wasan kwaikwayon La Scala tare da wasan kwaikwayo na 2 da aka rubuta musamman don wannan taron (ɗaya daga cikinsu shine "Ƙarshen Turai" ta A. Salieri).

A ranar 9 ga Agusta, 1942, mafi ban mamaki, jarumi na farko na D. Shostakovich na "Leningrad" ya faru a Birnin Leningrad da aka kewaye. Duk mawakan da suke wurin, ba ƙwararru kaɗai ba, har da ’yan koyo, an kira su don yin ta. Yawancin ’yan wasan kwaikwayo sun yi sanyi sosai ta yadda ba za su iya wasa ba kuma an kwantar da su a asibiti don ingantaccen abinci mai gina jiki. A ranar farko-farko, dukkan ma'aikatan bindigu na birnin sun yi luguden wuta mai tsanani kan wuraren da makiya suke, ta yadda babu wani abu da zai iya kawo cikas ga wasan. An watsa wasan kwaikwayo a rediyo kuma duk duniya sun ji.

Claude Debussy - Hasken wata

Mawallafi - Victoria Denisova