Bugawa |
Hatch (Jamus Strich - layi, bugun jini; Stricharten - bugun jini, nau'in bugun jini; Bogenstrich - motsi na baka tare da kirtani) - wani abu mai ma'ana na instr. dabara, hanyar yin aiki (da yanayin sautin da ya dogara da shi). Manyan nau'ikan Sh. an ƙaddara a cikin al'adar wasa kirtani. kayan kida (musamman akan violin), kuma an canza ka'idodinsu da sunayensu zuwa wasu nau'ikan wasan kwaikwayon. Sh. kamar yadda yanayin isar da sauti, wanda ke hade da nau'in motsi na baka, dole ne a bambanta daga hanyar samar da sauti, alal misali. tunanin Sh. baya hada da masu jituwa, pizzicato da col legno akan igiyoyin ruku'u. Sh. shine ka'idar "lafazin" sautuna akan kayan aiki, sabili da haka, sh. ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin sabon abu na magana. Zaɓin Sh. an ƙaddara ta hanyar salo. fasali na kidan da aka yi, da halayensa na alama, da kuma fassararsa. Akwai mabanbantan ra'ayi kan rabe-raben Sh.; yana da alama ya dace a raba su zuwa ƙungiyoyi 2: S. ware (Faransa dйtachй, daga dйtacher - don raba) da S. haɗa (Ital. legato - haɗi, da kyau, daga legare - don haɗawa). Ch. Alamar daban Sh. – Ana yin kowane sauti daban. motsi na baka; waɗannan sun haɗa da manya da ƙanana détaché, martelé, spiccato, sautillé. Ch. Alamar haɗakar sauti ita ce haɗin sauti biyu ko fiye tare da motsi ɗaya na baka; waɗannan sun haɗa da legato, portamento ko portato (legato mai nauyi, Faransanci lourй), staccato, ricochet. Sh. ana iya haɗuwa. Irin wannan rarrabuwa na sh yana dacewa da aiki akan kayan aikin iska. Legato yana bayyana aikin cantilena tare da nau'ikan nau'ikan sauti daban-daban; dйtachй yana aiki don zayyana sautuna, kowannensu ana samun su tare da taimakon otd. busa (kai hari) na harshe. Musamman ga wasu kayan aikin iska (buwa, ƙaho, ƙaho) Sh. - staccato ninki biyu da sau uku, sakamakon jujjuyawar yajin harshe da buri (mai yin wasan yana furta kalmomin “ta-ka” ko “ta-ta-ka”). Sh. A kan kayan da aka tsinke suna da bambanci sosai kuma suna da alaƙa da hanyoyi daban-daban na kai hari akan igiya da yatsu ko maƙarƙashiya. A cikin ma'anar Sh., Dec. suna kuma hade. dabarun wasan kaɗa, kayan kidan madannai (legato, staccato, martel, da sauransu).
References: Stepanov BA, Ka'idodin asali na aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace na bugun baka, D., 1960; Braudo IA, Magana, L., 1961, M., 1973; Redotov AL, Hanyoyin koyarwa don kunna kayan aikin iska, M., 1975; duba kuma kunna. ku Art. Magana.
TA Repchanskaya, VP Frayonov
