Melodeclamation |
daga waƙar Girkanci - waƙa, waƙa da lat. shela - shela
Haɗe-haɗe na furci bayyananne na rubutu (ch. arr. poetic) da kiɗa, da kuma ayyuka bisa irin wannan haɗin. M. An samo aikace-aikacen riga a cikin antich. wasan kwaikwayo, da kuma a cikin "wasan kwaikwayo na makaranta" na tsakiyar zamanai. Turai. A cikin karni na 18, al'amuran sun bayyana. proizv., gaba daya bisa M. kuma ya kira. melodramas. A cikin lokaci mai zuwa, ana amfani da M. sau da yawa a cikin ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo (wasan kwaikwayo a gidan yari daga Fidelio, yanayin Wolf Gorge daga The Free Shooter), da kuma a cikin wasan kwaikwayo. wasa (waƙar L. Beethoven zuwa Goethe's Egmont). Daga con. Karni na 18 Karkashin tasirin melodrama, nau'in nau'in kida mai zaman kanta na shirin kide-kide (a cikin Jamusanci da ake kira Melodram, sabanin tsarin kida na mataki, wanda ake kira Melodrama), a matsayin mai mulkin, an haɓaka shi don karatu (karantawa) tare da ɗan wasan piano, ƙasa da yawa tare da ƙungiyar makaɗa. Don irin wannan M., yawanci ana zaɓar rubutun ballad. Misalai na farko na irin wannan M. sun kasance na IR Zumshteg ("Bikin bazara", don mai karatu tare da orc., 1777, "Tamira", 1788). Daga baya, M. F. Schubert ("Farewell to the Earth", 1825), R. Schumann (2 ballads, op. 122, 1852), F. Liszt ("Lenora", 1858, "The Sad Monk" ya halicce shi. , 1860, “Mawaƙin Makafi”, 1875), R. Strauss (“Enoch Arden”, op. 38, 1897), M. Schillings (“Song of the Witches”, op. 15, 1904) da sauransu.
A cikin Rasha, kiɗa a matsayin wasan kwaikwayo da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ya shahara tun shekarun 70s. Karni na 19; daga cikin marubutan Rasha. M. - GA Lishin, EB Vilbushevich. Daga baya, AS Arensky (wak'o'i a cikin bazuwar ta IS Turgenev, 1903) da AA Spondiarov (wasan kwaikwayo na Sonia daga wasan kwaikwayo na AP Chekhov na Uncle Vanya, 1910) ya rubuta jerin kayan kida ga mai karatu tare da makada. A cikin owls lokacin M. an yi amfani da shi a cikin haɗin gwiwar oratorio "Hanyar Oktoba" (1927), a cikin tatsuniyar tatsuniyoyi don mai karatu da wasan kwaikwayo. Mawaƙa "Peter da Wolf" na Prokofiev (1936).
A cikin karni na 19th wani nau'i na musamman na kayan kida ya taso, wanda, tare da taimakon bayanan kida, an daidaita yanayin karatun daidai (Weber's Preciosa, 1821; Milhaud's music for Oresteia, 1916). Ci gaban irin wannan nau'in M., wanda ya kusantar da shi zuwa ga karatun, shine abin da ake kira. wani melodrama mai dangantaka (German Gebundene Melodram), wanda, tare da taimakon alamu na musamman (maimakon , maimakon, da dai sauransu), ba wai kawai rhythm yana daidaitawa ba, har ma da sautin sautin murya ("'Ya'yan Sarki). ” na Humperdinck, bugu na 1 1897). Tare da Schoenberg, "haɗe melodrama" yana ɗaukar nau'in abin da ake kira. wakar baka, shi. Sprechgesang ("Lunar Pierrot", 1912). Daga baya, wani matsakaici iri-iri na M. ya bayyana, a cikin abin da rhythm aka nuna daidai, da kuma farar sauti da aka nuna kamar ("Ode to Napoleon" na Schoenberg, 1942). Bambance-bambance. nau'ikan M. a cikin karni na 20. An kuma yi amfani da Vl. Vogel, P. Boulez, L. Nono da sauransu).
References: Volkov-Davydov SD, Taƙaitaccen jagora ga melodeclamation (ƙwarewar farko), M., 1903; Glumov AN, A kan kiɗan kiɗan magana, a cikin: Tambayoyi na Kiɗa, vol. 2, M., 1956.
